81. Entrez PubMed 1987 susumu tonegawa (b 1939). Raju TN. University of Illinois, Chicago, USA.Publication Types Biography Historical Article MeSH Terms Antibody Diversity* http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1

82. Entrez PubMed 500 genes, 50 million proteins susumu tonegawa and the rearrangement ofimmunoglobulin genes Article in French Fridman WH. Inserm U.255Institut Curie, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3

83. Enciclopedia :: 100cia.com Translate this page susumu tonegawa. susumu tonegawa (? ?) nació en Nagoya, Japón en 1939.Estudió la licenciatura de Medicina en Japón, trabajando en el departamento de http://100cia.com/enciclopedia/Susumu_Tonegawa

Portada Artículos favoritos Vea sus documentos y artículos favoritos pulsando aquí No hay artículos favoritos todavía. documentos sin leer: Siguiente doc sin leer Borrar los docs leídos Borrar todos los docs ¡Webmaster! ¿Quieres tener los contenidos de 100cia.com en tu página? Pulsa aquí Buscar: en Google en noticias en Enciclopedia Estás en: 100cia.com > Enciclopedia Susumu Tonegawa Susumu Tonegawa Nagoya Japón en . Estudió la licenciatura de Medicina en Japón, trabajando en el departamento de Química de la Universidad de Kyoto . En se traslada a Estados Unidos comenzando a trabajar en el departamento de Biología de la Universidad de San Diego California . Fue nombrado miembro del Instituto de Basilea y profesor de Biología en el Centro de Investigación del Cáncer del Instituto de Tecnología de Massachusetts Descubrió que ciertos elementos de la masa genética( ADN ) podían trasferirse y reagruparse en el trascurso del desarrollo al pasar de la célula embrionaria al estado del linfocito B .Demostró que cada linfocito es capaz de formar el anticuerpo necesario, es decir el anticuerpo que el organismo necesita en cada momento. Ante una agresión por un

84. Alcoholism: Clinical And Experimental Research - Abstract: Volume 23(3) March 19 Bowers, Barbara J.; Owen, Elizabeth H.; Collins, Allan C.; Abeliovich, Asa;tonegawa, susumu; Wehner, Jeanne M. Abstract Initial sensitivity and tolerance http://www.alcoholism-cer.com/pt/re/alcoholism/abstract.00000374-199903000-00001

LWWOnline LOGIN eALERTS REGISTER ... Ahead of Print Decreased Ethanol Sensitivity and... Decreased Ethanol Sensitivity and Tolerance Development in gamma-Protein Kinase C Null Mutant Mice Is Dependent on Genetic Background. Bowers, Barbara J.; Owen, Elizabeth H.; Collins, Allan C.; Abeliovich, Asa; Tonegawa, Susumu; Wehner, Jeanne M. Abstract: (C)1999Research Society on Alcoholism Subscribe to RSS feed utrdc-pt02 Release 4.0

85. Premio Nobel Fisiología Medicina Susumu Tonegawa Disertará A Coruña Sistema I Translate this page El Premio Nobel de Fisiología y Medicina susumu tonegawa disertará hoy en A Coruñasobre el sistema inmunitario. http://www.solociencia.com/noticias/0406/21094822.htm

var texto=" El Premio Nobel de Fisiología y Medicina Susumu Tonegawa disertará hoy en A Coruña sobre el sistema inmunitario "; window.status = texto; El Premio Nobel de Fisiología y Medicina Susumu Tonegawa disertará hoy en A Coruña sobre el sistema inmunitario El Portal de la Ciencia y la Tecnologia en Español Menú principal Portada Noticias científicas Científicos Astronomía ... Arquitectura Info Añadir a favoritos Página de inicio Cómo contactar Mapa de la web ... Aviso legal Noticias de hoy El Premio Nobel de Fisiología y Medicina Susumu Tonegawa disertará hoy en A Coruña sobre el sistema inmunitario A CORUÑA, 21 (EUROPA PRESS) El Premio Nobel de Fisiología y Medicina Susumu Tonegawa participará hoy en A Coruña en unas jornadas en las que abordará sobre la "Mente y cuerpo: del sistema inmunitario al nervioso". La conferencia del premio nobel se enmarca en las Jornadas de Actualidad Científica que los Museos Científicos Coruñeses en colaboración con el Área de Microbiología del Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular de la Universidad de A Coruña han organizado. En estas jornadas se ha estado abordando la lucha contra las epidemias desde distintas perspectivas. Entre otras cuestiones, se ha hablado sobre las enfermedades infecciosas a lo largo de la historia de la humanidad, los sistemas actuales de defensa ante las epidemias, la aparición de nuevas enfermedades, el funcionamiento del sistema inmunológico o el bioterrorismo.

86. 20th Century Year By Year 1987 tonegawa, susumu, Japan, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge,MA, USA, b. 1939 for his discovery of the genetic principle for http://www.historycentral.com/20th/1987.html

Major Event/ Sports Nobel Prizes Pulitzer Prizes ... Popular Book s / Popular Television Shows Popular Music/ Grammy Awards/ Tony Awards Major Events of 1987 Rioting breaks out during Haj Intifada begins Tamil guerillas ambush convoy ... Gorbachev campaigns for Glasnost and Perostroi ka Libyan troops driven out of Chad India invades Pakistan Sports NBA: Los Angeles Lakers vs. Boston Celtics Series: 4-2 NCAA Football: Miami-Fl Record: 12-0-0 Heisman Trophy: Tim Brown, notre dame, WR points: 1,442 Stanley Cup: Edmunton Oilers vs. Philadelphia Flyers Series: 4-3 Super Bowl XXI: New York Giants vs. Denver Broncos Score: 39-20 US Open Golf: Scott Simpson Score: 277 Course: Olympic Club Location: San Francisco, CA World Series: Minnesota Twins vs. St. Louis Cardinals Series: 4-3 Popular Music 1."Open Your Heart" ... Madonna 2."Livin' on a Prayer" ... Bon Jovi 3 ."Jacob's Ladder" ... Huey Lewis and the News 4."Lean on Me" ... Club Nouveau 5."Nothing's Going to Stop Us Now" ... Starship

87. Mt Time At MIT talking with MIT Professor susumu tonegawa 1987 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine. http://web.media.mit.edu/~reilly/tonegawa.html

talking with MIT Professor Susumu Tonegawa 1987 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine

88. Boston Globe Online / Table Of Contents CAMBRIDGE Last Friday, susumu tonegawa s colleagues, knowing that the NobelPrize in medicine soon would be awarded, told him, This year, http://www.boston.com/globe/search/stories/nobel/1987/1987t.html

Archives Big Dig Book Reviews Boston Capital ... Week in Photos Search the Globe: Today Yesterday MIT BIOLOGIST RECEIVES NOBEL IN MEDICINE Author: By Peggy Hernandez, Globe Staff Date: Tuesday, October 13, 1987 Page: Section: METRO CAMBRIDGE Last Friday, Susumu Tonegawa's colleagues, knowing that the Nobel Prize in medicine soon would be awarded, told him, "This year, you'll win a Nobel." But he replied, "Not this year." Yesterday, Nobel Prize officials in Sweden announced that the Massachusetts Institute of Technology professor had received the 1987 prize in physiology and medicine for his revolutionary work on understanding the body's immune system. "The first thing I thought was: It must be a mistake," said the boyish- looking professor from Newton, who learned of the award when a reporter from Japan called him early yesterday morning. "In the past, when I received prizes, I usually heard first from the organization." The Nobel jurors in announcing the award said Tonegawa, 48, wrote an influential paper in 1976 resolving questions about how the body fights disease. The assembly said the Japanese native's work had dominated research in the area for two years. Tonegawa's experiments found that a body's immune cells during a lifetime reshuffle their genetic makeup to form millions of antibodies against bacteria. The prevailing dogma had held that genes could not change, but that belief had confounded scientists who found that the body could resist newly conceived microbes.

89. Nobelists Who Attended CSHL Symposia tonegawa, susumu. 1976,77,80,86,89, 92. MP/87. Urey ,Harold Clayton. 1934. C/34.Varmus, Harold Eliot*. 1970,74, 78, 93, 94. PM/89. Wald ,George. 1935, 65 http://library.cshl.edu/archives/archives/Nobelists who attended Symposia.htm

Carnegie Building - 1905 Nobelists who attended CSHL Symposia Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Archives Nobelists Symposium Year Won Arber ,Werner MP/78 Altman, Sidney C/89 Baltimore, David* MP/75 Beadle,George Wells MP/58 Benacerraf ,Baruj MP/80 Berg, Paul* C/80 Bishop, John Michael MP/89 Blobel, Günther MP/99 Bloch, Konrod F. MP/64 Blumberg, Baruch S. MP/76 Burnet, Sir Frank M. MP/60 Calvin, Melvin C/61 Cech, Thomas R. C/89 Claude, Albert MP/74 Cohen, Stanley* MP/86 Cori ,Carl F. MP/47 Cori ,Gerty T. MP/47 Cournand, Andre F. MP/56 Crick, Francis H.C.* MP/62 Dale, Sir Henry H. MP/36 Delbrück, Max* MP/69 Doherty, Peter MP/96 Du Vigneaud ,Vincent C/55 Dulbecco, Renato* MP/75 Eccles ,Sir John Carew MP/63 Edelman ,Gerald M. MP/72 Furchgott, Robert F. MP/98 Gajdusek, Daniel Carleton MP/76 Gasser, Herbert S. MP/44 Gilbert, Walter* C/80 Gilman, Alfred MP/94 Glaser, Donald A. P/60 Hartline, Haldan Keffer MP/67 Hershey ,Alfred D.* MP/69 Hill ,Archibald V.* MP/22 Hodgkin ,Dorothy C. C/64 Hodgkin, Alan Lloyd MP/63 Holley, Robert W. MP/68 Hubel, David H. MP/81 Huber, Robert C/88 Huxley, Andrew Fielding

90. The Fourth Annual CNBC Lecture From Genes To Synaptic Plasticity susumu tonegawa, Ph.D. Dr. susumu tonegawa, of the Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology is the Fourth Annual CNBC Lecturer. In 1987 Dr. tonegawa received http://www2.ipcku.kansai-u.ac.jp/~ttank/04tonegawa.htm

Back to the TABLE The Fourth Annual CNBC Lecture "From Genes to Synaptic Plasticity to Spatial Memory" Susumu Tonegawa, Ph.D. Center for Learning and Memory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Friday, April 11, 1997 3:30 - 6:00 pm Auditorium 2nd Floor, Mellon Institute Reception immediately following ABSTRACT We have developed a method to create mice in which the deletion (knockout) of virtually any gene of interest is restricted to a subregion or a specific cell type in the CNS such as the pyramidal cells of the hippocampal CA1 region. We applied this technique to the gene encoding the essential subunit of all known isoforms of NMDA receptors. These mice lack the NMDAR1 gene specifically and exclusively in the CA1 pyramidal cells and only after the third postnatal week. The latter temporal restriction of the gene knockout makes it highly unlikely that any impairments observed in these knockout mice are due to a developmental abnormality. The mutant mice grow into adulthood without obvious abnormalities. Adult mice lack NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic currents and long-term potentiation specifically in the CA1 synapses and exhibit impaired spatial memory but unimpaired nonspatial memory. Our results strongly suggest that activity-dependent modifications of CA1 synapses, mediated by NMDA receptors, play an essential role in the acquisition of spatial memories. To investigate further the role of NMDA receptor-dependent CA1 synaptic plasticity in spatial memory, we studied in collaboration with Matthew Wilson place-specific firing of the mutant hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells using multiple electrode recording techniques applied to freely behaving mice. We have discovered that although the CA1 pyramidal cells in the NMDAR1 knockout mice retain place-related activity, there is a significant decrease in the spatial specificity of individual place fields. We have also found a striking deficit in the coordinated firing of pairs of neurons tuned to similar spatial locations. Pairs have uncorrelated firing even if their fields overlap. These results demonstrate that NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic plasticity is necessary for the proper representation of space in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. The results also suggest that the reason why NMDAR1 knockout mice are poor in acquiring spatial memory is because the lack of NMDA receptors in the CA1 region causes a failure in the formation of refined place fields in the CA1 and its downstream regions. SUSUMU TONEGAWA, Ph.D. Dr. Susumu Tonegawa, of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is the Fourth Annual CNBC Lecturer. In 1987 Dr. Tonegawa received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the genetics of antibody production. In recent years, he turned his attention to neurobiology and became rapidly established as a leader in the application of new genetic techniquies for the study of the nervous system. Dr. Tonegawa received his B.S. degree in chemistry from Kyoto University in Kyoto, Japan and his doctorate in biology from the University of California, San Diego. He completed postdoctoral work at the University of California, San Diego and the Salk Institute. He continued his research at the Basel Institute for Immunology in Switzerland. Dr. Tonegawa is a professor at the Center for Cancer Research at MIT and an investigator for the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. In April of 1994, he became the Director of MIT's newly created Center for Learning and Memory. THE CENTER FOR THE NEURAL BASIS OF COGNITION ANNUAL LECTURE The annual CNBC lecture provides an opportunity for the Cognitive and Neuroscience communities in Pittsburgh to gather together to consider an important aspect of cognitive neuroscience through the work of a recognized leader of the field. The series was inaugurated in 1994 by Dr. Mortimer Mishkin. The Fourth Annual CNBC Lecture, From Genes to Synaptic Plasticity to Spatial Memory, will be given by Dr. Tonegawa in the Mellon Institute Auditorium on the 2nd Floor of Mellon Institute. The proceedings will begin at 3:30 with a brief update on the state of the Center, which will be followed by Dr.Tonegawa's lecture. The lecture will be followed by a reception from 5:00 - 6:00 pm in the auditorium lobby. The reception will give participants an opportunity to meet Dr. Tonegawa and to talk with colleagues in the cognitive and neural sciences. Faculty and students from throughout the community are welcome to attend. CENTER FOR THE NEURAL BASIS OF COGNITION (CNBC) IS A JOINT PROJECT OF CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY and the UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH Back to the TABLE

91. Allegro-Chronik 25 Jahre (2005) tonegawa, susumu (1987) Vane, John R. (1982) Varmus, Harold E. (1989) http://www.allegro-c.de/chronik/a28m.htm

25 Jahre allegro Nobelpreis Medizin Jahr Nobelpreis Medizin Bancerraf, Baruj; Snell, George D.; Dausset, Jean Hubel, David H.; Sperry, Roger W.; Wiesel, Torsten Nils [Schweden] Bergstr¶m, Sune K.; Samuelsson, Bengt I.; Vane, John R. McClintock, Barbara Jerne, Niels K; K¶hler, Georges J.S.; Milstein, C©sar Brown, Michael S.; Goldstein, Joseph L. Levi-Montalcini [Italien]; Cohen, Stanley Tonegawa, Susumu Elion, Gertrude B; Hitchings, George H.; Black, James [UK] Bishop, J. Michael; Varmus, Harold E. Murray, Joseph E.;Thomas, E. Donnall Neher, Erwin; Sakmann, Bert Fischer, Edmond H.; Krebs, Edwin G. Roberts, Richard J.; Sharp, Phillip A. Lewis, Edward B.; N¼sslein-Volhard, Christiane; Wieschaus, Eric F. Doherty, Peter C. [Australien]; Zinkernagel, Rolf M. Prusiner, Stanley B. Furchgott, Robert F.; Ignarro, Luis J.; Murad, Ferid Blobel, G¼nter [Deutschland] Carlsson, Arvid [Schweden] Hartwell, Leland H.; Hunt, R. Timothy [UK]; Nurse, Paul M. [UK] Brenner, Sydney [UK]; Horwitz, H. Robert; Sulston, John E. [UK] Lauterbur, Paul C.; Mansfield, Sir Peter Gilman, Alfred G.; Rodbell, Martin

92. Research Staff | RIKEN Brain Science Institute tonegawa, susumu (Ph.D.) Group Director RIKENMIT Neuroscience Research CenterLaboratory Head Gene manipulation in mouse and applications to the study of http://www.brain.riken.go.jp/english/c_resta/c0.html

Amari, Shun-ichi (D. Eng.) Director RIKEN Brain Science Institute Group Director Brain-Style Computing Group Laboratory Head Mathematical Neuroscience Director Neuroinformatics Japan Center amari@brain.riken.jp Aruga, Jun (M.D., Ph.D.) Laboratory Head Comparative Neurogenesis jaruga@brain.riken.jp Cichocki, Andrzej (Ph.D.) Laboratory Head Advanced Brain Signal Processing Fukai, Tomoki (Ph.D.) Group Director Computational Neuroscience Group Laboratory Head Neural Circuit Theory tfukai@brain.riken.jp Furuichi, Teiichi (Ph.D.) Laboratory Head Molecular Neurogenesis tfuruichi@brain.riken.jp Hashikawa, Tsutomu (Ph.D.) Laboratory Head Neural Architecture tom@brain.riken.jp Hashimoto, Mitsuhiro (Ph.D.) Unit Leader Hashimoto Research Unit mhashimoto@brain.riken.jp Hayashi, Yasunori (M.D., Ph.D.) Unit Leader Hayashi Research Unit Hensch, Takao K. (Ph.D) Group Director Critical Period Mechanisms Research Group Human Learning Research Group Laboratory Head Neuronal Circuit Development hensch@riken.jp Hessler, Neal A. (Ph.D.)

93. Susumu Tonegawa : Susumu Tonegawa Instead, as tonegawa showed in a landmark series of experiments beginning tonegawa, susumu tonegawa, susumu tonegawa, susumu tonegawa, susumu tonegawa, http://susumu-tonegawa.wikix.ipupdater.com/

Susumu Tonegawa In his later years, he has turned his attention to the molecular and cellular basis of memory formation. Instead, as Tonegawa showed in a landmark series of experiments beginning in 1976, genetic material can rearrange itself to form the vast array of available antibodies. Comparing the DNA of B cells (a type of white blood cells ) in embryonic and adult mice , he observed that genes in the B cells of the older mice are moved around, recombined, and deleted to form the diversity of the variable region of antibodies. Tonegawa was born in Nagoya, Japan. He received his bachelor's degree from Kyoto University in 1963. He received his doctorate from the University of California, San Diego . He did post-doctoral work at the Salk Institute in San Diego, then worked at Basel Institute for Immunology in Basel, Switzerland where he performed his landmark immunology experiments. In 1981, he became a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology External links Nobel Prize Biography Tonegawa's bio at MIT Tonegawa's research at the Center for Learning and Memory Tonegawa, Susumu ... Tonegawa, Susumu Search box Navigation Home Advanced search Sitemap Archive ... Contact

94. Nat' Academies Press, Memory: The Key To Consciousness (2005) tonegawa, susumu, 247, 249. Toscanini, Arturo, 5–6. Touch, 28. Trace conditioning,236–237. Transcranial magnetic stimulation, 133–135 http://www.nap.edu/openbook/0309093112/html/279.html

Read more than 3,000 books online FREE! More than 900 PDFs now available for sale HOME ABOUT NAP CONTACT NAP HELP ... ORDERING INFO Items in cart [0] TRY OUR SPECIAL DISCOVERY ENGINE Questions? Call 888-624-8373 Memory: The Key to Consciousness (2005) Joseph Henry Press ( JHP Find More Like This Book Research ... Dashboard NEW! BUY This Book CHAPTER SELECTOR: Openbook Linked Table of Contents Front Matter, pp. i-viii 1 What Is Memory?, pp. 1-24 2 Memories of the Here and Now, pp. 25-49 3 The Early Development of Memory, pp. 50-85 4 Ordinary Forgetting, pp. 86-116 5 Amnesia, pp. 117-141 6 False Memory, pp. 142-161 7 Emotional Learning and Memory, pp. 162-196 8 Language, pp. 197-227 9 Mechanisms of Memory, pp. 228-250 10 The Future of Memory, pp. 251-258 Suggested Readings, pp. 259-260 Notes, pp. 261-266 Index, pp. 267-280 GO TO PAGE: TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE PRINTABLE PDF PAGE CHAPTER PAGE SEARCH THIS BOOK: The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy.

95. CPL - Asian Science Bibliography tonegawa, susumu (1939) Japanese-born molecular biologist. Recipient of theNobel Prize in physiology and medicine in 1987 for his research on the immune http://www.chipublib.org/003cpl/asian_heritage/committee/sciencebib.html

Asian Americans have made significant contributions to many fields of science. The following is a list of resources for finding biographical information about Asian American scientists. These are available at the Harold Washington Library Center and at many branches. Check for locations by using the library's online catalog located in each library or on the Chicago Public Library's home page. Please speak to a reference librarian if you need assistance. We have also compiled a list of some of these scientists and have included resources by or about them that are in the library's collection. American National Biography. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. Twenty-four volume set plus 2002 supplement. Biographical Encyclopedia of Scientists. New York: Marshall Cavendish, 1998. Five volume set. Includes a nationality index. Nobel Prize Winners: An H.W. Wilson Biographical Dictionary. New York: H.W. Wilson, 1987. Notable Twentieth-Century Scientists.

96. Science Timeline Translate this page tonegawa, susumu, 1976, 1978. Torricelli, Evangelista, 1644. Townes, CharlesHard, 1954, 1958. Travers, Morris, 1898. Treviranus, Ludolf Christian, 1805 http://www.sciencetimeline.net/siteindex_t-v.htm

use checkboxes to select items you wish to download Select Index Letter: a b c d ... w-x-y-z Tajima, Toshiki, 1979 Talmadge, David, W. 1957 Tang, Chou, 1986 Tanzi, E., 1894 Tashiro, Shiro, 1913 Tatum, Edward Lawrie, 1941, 1946 Taylor, Joseph H., 1974 Teichmann, L., 1853 Teisserenc de Bort, L. P., 1904 Telegdi, Valentine, 1956 Teller, Edward, 1944, 1944 Temin, Howard, 1970, 1980 Terrett, Nicholas Kenneth, 1990 Tesla, Nicola, 1888 Thales of Miletus, 600 bce, 560 bce Theorell, Axel Hugo Teodor, 1932, 1933, 1939 Thomas, A. P.,1883 Thomson, George Paget, 1927 Thomson, James, 1998 Thomson, Joseph John, 1897, 1898, 1899 Thomson, William, 1842, 1845, 1845, 1848, 1856, 1862, 1865, 1871 Thorndike, Edward L., 1898 Thorner, Jeremy, 1984

97. MIT World » : Neurobiology Of Memory: How Do We Acquire, Consolidate And Recall But in susumu tonegawa’s lab, the mutant mice he has created cannot perform thesetasks. tonegawa “ knocks out” a gene that impairs a specific part of the http://mitworld.mit.edu/video/148/

HOME ABOUT VIDEO INDEX SPONSORS ... HELP Search the MIT World Video Archive. Search Now! All Categories All Hosts HOST School of Science SERIES: Fundamentals of the Brain and Mind: A Short Course in Neuroscience More videos in this series Neurobiology of Memory: How Do We Acquire, Consolidate and Recall Memory Susumu Tonegawa June 12, 2003 LOCATION EVENT SPONSORS: School of Science Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences Picower Center for Learning and Memory McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT ... Video Time Index Neurobiology of Memory: How Do We Acquire, Consolidate and Recall Memory Play Now Email to a Friend SPEAKER: Susumu Tonegawa Director, Picower Center for Learning and Memory Picower Professor of Biology and Neuroscience, Departments of Biology and Brain and Cognitive Sciences ABOUT THE LECTURE: In labs around the world, mice learn to navigate complex mazes, locate chocolaty rewards, and after an interval, run the mazes again with maximum efficiency, swiftly collecting all the sweets. But in Susumu Tonegawa’s lab, the mutant mice he has created cannot perform these tasks. Tonegawa “ knocks out” a gene that impairs a specific part of the mouse hippocampus, the area of the brain responsible for spatial memory, among other things. Mutant mice struggle to acquire and recall information about their surroundings. Tonegawa’s work involves manipulating genes to explore memory and learning from the most basic biochemical and cellular levels, up to the most complex behaviors. One of Tonegawa’s goals in designing defective mice is to simulate profound human disorders, like schizophrenia.

98. Science -- Index By Author (12 July 2002; Volume 297, Number 5579) F. (in Policy Forum ) Abstract Full Text Thunell, Robert (in ResearchArticles ) Abstract Full Text tonegawa, susumu (in Research Articles ) http://www.sciencemag.org/content/vol297/issue5579/aindex.shtml

Author Index Volume 297, Number 5579, Issue of 12 Jul 2002 A B C D ... H I J K L M ... T U V W X Y Z A Abdalati, Waleed (in Research Articles ) Abouheif, Ehab (in Reports ) Ajayan, P. M. (in Letters ) Andersen, Ths. Holmen (in ) Ash, Caroline (in Editors' Choice: Highlights of the recent literature ) Azevedo, Isabel (in Letters ) B Balmforth, Z. (in Reports ) Beltrami, Hugo

99. µµ³×°¡¿Í ½º½º¹« Translate this page The summary for this Korean page contains characters that cannot be correctly displayed in this language/character set. http://preview.britannica.co.kr/spotlights/nobel/list/B05d0168a.html

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100. ? 1.? Translate this page The summary for this Japanese page contains characters that cannot be correctly displayed in this language/character set. http://jiten.cside3.jp/ipsology/ipsology_05.htm

‡X@—p—á‚É‚¨‚¯‚é @@@@@@l–¼‚ÌŽæ‚舵‚¢•û‚Ì–â‘è ‚PDl–¼‚ÌŽæ‚舵‚¢•û‚ÌŽí—Þ @@˜a‰pŽ«“T‚́A—˜—pŽÒ‚ɐe‹ßŠ´‚ð•ø‚©‚¹A—p—á‚É‹ï‘̐«E“¯Žž‘㐫‚È‚Ç‚ð•t—^‚·‚é–Ú“I‚ŁA ŽÀÝ‚̐l•¨‚Ì–¼‚â‰f‰æE¬à‚È‚Ç‚Ì“oêl•¨‚Ì–¼‚ðŽg—p‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª­‚È‚­‚È‚¢B ‚»‚ê‚ð”z—ñ‡˜iu©E–¼v‚̏‡‚©u–¼E©v‚à‡‚©j‚â‘I‘ð–@iu©v‚¾‚¯‚©u–¼v‚¾‚¯‚©j‚È‚Ç‚Å•ª—Þ‚·‚é‚ÆŽŸ‚̂悤‚É‚È‚éB ‚PD‚P@©E–¼‚ðo‚·ê‡ ‚PD‚PD‚P@©E–¼‚¾‚¯‚̏ꍇ @@@—á‚Pj ƒGƒ‹ƒrƒXEƒvƒŒƒXƒŠ[ ‚̓ƒb @@@@@@ƒN‚Ì‚½‚߂ɐ¶‚Ü ‚êAƒƒbƒN @@@@@@‚Ì‚½‚߂ɐ¶‚«‚½BElvis @@@@@@Presley was born and lived @@@@ @ his life for rock'n'roll. @@@—á‚Qj ƒWƒ‡ƒ“E‚eEƒPƒlƒfƒB[ ‚Í‚P‚X‚U‚R”N‚É‹¥’e‚É @@@@@@ [fell before an assassin's bullet] in 1963. @@@—á‚Rj •Ÿ‘ò—@‹g ‚͐¼—m•¶–¾Œ¤‹†‚ÌŠJ‘ñŽÒ‚¾‚Á‚½B @@@@@@@Fukuzawa Yukichi was a pioneer of the study of @@@@@@@Western civilization. @@@—á‚Sj ‘ê—õ‘¾˜Y ‚͂킸‚©‚Q‚SÎ‚Ő¢‚ð‹Ž‚Á‚½BTaki Rentarou died@ @@@@@@ when he was only 24.@@@ @@‚PD‚PD‚Q@©E–¼‚ɉ½‚ç‚©‚ÌŒhÌEŒ¨‘‚«‚ð•t‚¯‚éê‡ @@@—á‚Pj‚¢‚­‚猇“_‚ª‚ ‚Á‚Ä‚à ƒEƒCƒ“ƒXƒgƒ“Eƒ`ƒƒ[ƒ`ƒ‹‹¨ @@@@@@Žw“±ŽÒ‚¾‚Á‚½BWith all his faults, Sir Winston Churchill was

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