21. United Nations Peacekeeping Forces --  Encyclopædia Britannica united nations Peacekeeping forces international armed forces first used in 1948to observe ceasefires in Kashmir and Palestine. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9100159

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents United Nations Peacekeeping Forces Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products United Nations Peacekeeping Forces Page 1 of 1 Norwegian UN peacekeeping troops keep watch on a cease-fire line in southern Lebanon, 1978. UPI/Corbis-Bettmann international armed forces first used in 1948 to observe cease-fires in Kashmir and Palestine . Although not specifically mentioned in the United Nations United Nations Peacekeeping Forces... (75 of 156 words) var mm = [["Jan.","January"],["Feb.","February"],["Mar.","March"],["Apr.","April"],["May","May"],["June","June"],["July","July"],["Aug.","August"],["Sept.","September"],["Oct.","October"],["Nov.","November"],["Dec.","December"]];

22. MSN Encarta - United Nations Peacekeeping Forces united nations Peacekeeping forces, agents of the united nations (UN) who helpto maintain or restore peace in regions of conflict. The peacekeeping http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761596133/United_Nations_Peacekeeping_Forces

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Subscription Article MSN Encarta Premium: Get this article, plus 60,000 other articles, an interactive atlas, dictionaries, thesaurus, articles from 100 leading magazines, homework tools, daily math help and more for $4.95/month or $29.95/year (plus applicable taxes.) Learn more. This article is exclusively available for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers. Already a subscriber? Sign in above. United Nations Peacekeeping Forces United Nations Peacekeeping Forces , agents of the United Nations (UN) who help to maintain or restore peace in regions of conflict. The peacekeeping... Related Items peace and security functions of the UN Angola 63 items Multimedia Selected Web Links United Nations Peacekeeping Operations 1 item Want more Encarta? Become a subscriber today and gain access to: Daily Math Help Literature Guides Researcher Tools Paper-Writing Guides 60,000 + articles Interactive Atlas Magazine Center Find more about United Nations Peacekeeping Forces from Related Items Other Features from Encarta United Nations Bosnia and Herzegovina Cyrus Vance Wars of Yugoslav Succession ... United Nations Peacekeeping Forces © 2005 Microsoft MSN Privacy Legal Advertise Feedback ... Help

23. MSN Encarta - Search Results - United Nations Peacekeeping Forces united nations peacekeeping Canadian forces involvement (Courtesy of united nations Peacekeeping forces East Timor (Liaison Agency/JeanMarc Giboux) http://encarta.msn.com/United_Nations_Peacekeeping_Forces.html

fdbkURL="/encnet/refpages/search.aspx?q=United+Nations+Peacekeeping+Forces#bottom"; errmsg1="Please select a rating."; errmsg2="Please select a reason for your rating."; MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Exclusively for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers. Join Now Searched Encarta for ' United Nations Peacekeeping Forces' Articles United Nations Peacekeeping Forces United Nations Peacekeeping Forces , agents of the United Nations (UN) who help to maintain or restore peace in regions of conflict. The peacekeeping... ... Nobel Prize Winners See all search results in Articles (146) United Nations Peacekeeping Forces: East Timor Peacekeeping : pictures of peacekeeping activities: United Nations Forces in Bosnia United Nations Forces in Bosnia Labor Force : labor force in specific countries : United States: Sex and Race in the Labor Force ... Map : country and continent maps: United States : Regions See all search results in Maps (250) Books about "United Nations Peacekeeping Forces" Search for books about your topic, "United Nations Peacekeeping Forces"

24. United Nations As Peacekeepers And Nation-Builder : Continuity And Change - What Session II A Review of Past Practice Peacekeeping and Nationbuilding, on Observance by united nations forces of International Humanitarian Law. http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwpList367/0479D43D1E1E0901C1256FEA0027

About the ICRC ICRC activities The ICRC worldwide Focus ... Print this page Official Statement by Jean Abt, member of the International Committee of the Red Cross United Nations as Peacekeepers and Nation-Builder : Continuity and Change - What lies ahead ? Session II: A Review of Past Practice Peacekeeping and Nation-building, Organized jointly by UNITAR and the Institute of Policy Studies of Singapore March 2005, Hiroshima, Japan In Memoriam: Sergio Vieira de Mello I would like to join previous speakers in paying tribute to Sergio Viera de Mello, a man we remember for his professionalism and commitment to humanitarian action and whom we sorely miss. The Humanitarian Perspective Ladies and gentlemen, It is a pleasure and an honour for me to address you today. The International Committee of the Red Cross has been a longstanding participant in UNITAR and IPS events. The previous sessions were marked by lively and constructive debates on topics of great interest to the ICRC. Although the focus of the present workshop are the United Nations, and ICRC is not part of the UN family, the topic is of relevance to us, at a practical level, because it relates to activities carried out in countries involved in armed conflicts or emerging therefrom, where the ICRC is often active, and also at a policy level, as it relates to matters such as the law regulating multinational forces, which the ICRC has to address. I would therefore like to express my warm thanks to the organisers for inviting the ICRC to take such an active part in this event.

25. AllRefer.com - Cyprus - United Nations Peace-keeping Force In Cyprus | Cypriot I allRefer Reference provides detailed information on this topic. Browse throughthis article and follow related links for complete research. http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/cyprus/cyprus160.html

You are here allRefer Reference Cyprus History ... Cyprus Cyprus United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus United Nations troops manning an observation post looking across the Mesaoria Courtesy United Nations United Nations (UN) troops were present on Cyprus beginning with the breakdown of the constitutional arrangements in 1964. The original three-month UNFICYP mandate was extended, initially at three-month intervals and, after 1974, at six-month intervals. Any of the permanent members of the UN Security Council could veto its continuation, but none has ever done so. The Security Council repeatedly affirmed the original mandate and adopted a number of resolutions that required the force to perform additional or modified functions. The basic mandate called on UNFICYP to operate "in the interest of preserving international peace and security, to use its best efforts to prevent a recurrence of fighting and, as necessary, to contribute to the maintenance and restoration of law and order and a return to normal conditions." The UNFICYP force level was maintained at about 4,500 from 1965 to 1968, and 3,500 from 1969 to 1972. Except for a temporary increase to 4,440 for a period after the 1974 fighting, its size gradually declined, reaching about 2,000 as of 1990.

26. United Nations Peace Missions The Report emphasized not only that peacekeeping forces must have the The Federal Armed forces Command and Staff College runs united nations Staff http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/www/en/aussenpolitik/vn/vereinte_nationen/dt-frie

var imagepath ="/www/en/"; Homepage German Foreign policy Global cooperation German policy in the UN United Nations peace missions United Nations peace missions Last updated in March 2004 Peacekeeping: a paramount UN task Organs and instruments Multidimensional approach Reforms inspired by the Brahimi Report German contributions Contributions in close-up Support for the UN's Standby Arrangements System Crisis prevention and conflict management Peacekeeping: the UN's paramount task According to Article 1 of the Charter of the United Nations, the purpose of the organization is "to maintain world peace and international security". As the German Bundestag noted on 22 June 2001, "the United Nations' principal task remains unchanged: to play a central role in making and maintaining world peace and international security." Given the many crises and conflicts around the world and the new risks and threats to international security posed also by non-state actors, the need for such efforts is no less pressing today than in the past. Organs and instruments The maintenance or restoration of peace is the paramount task of the United Nations Security Council. It decides what action is appropriate to achieve that goal and where necessary may mandate peace missions. Efforts to resolve conflicts may also be undertaken on the UN's behalf by regional organizations (such as the AU, OSCE or NATO) or by so-called "coalitions of the willing" (e.g. the KFOR mission in Kosovo) led either by an individual country (lead nation) or by an international organization (such as NATO). One of the main instruments employed by the Security Council to maintain or restore peace are UN peace missions, of which more than 50 have been carried out/mandated since the founding of the world organization.

27. European Defence - United Nations Peace-keeping Operations united nations peacekeeping OPERATIONS (As of November 2004) UN PeacekeepingForce in Cyprus (UNFICYP). UNFICYP was originally deployed in Cyprus in http://www.european-defence.co.uk/directory/unpcekpg.html

28. Monitoring The UN peacekeeping forces of the united nations can and do make a difference. When the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded in 1988 to UN Peacekeeping forces, http://www.unac.org/en/link_learn/monitoring/peace_peacekeeping_can.asp

@import "/en/css/style.css"; Pearson Peace Medal nominations (deadline Sept 15) A World Without Weapons: Disarmament Education Programme Canadian Corporate Leadership Council for the UN Become a Friend of the Charter! ... Help Site by SUM Incorporated Monitoring The UN > Peace an Security at the UN Canada and peacekeeping Canada's commitment to peacekeeping is recognized throughout the world. Our commitment to peacekeeping is unusual in that Canadians have served in almost every UN-sponsored peacekeeping initiative. Over 120,000 men and women have served in close to 50 different operations ranging from truce observance to the supervision of elections.113 Canadians have given their lives while serving on UN peacekeeping missions. Canadian personnel have traveled to the far-flung corners of the globe from Afghanistan to Zaire and have helped to resolve many complex disputes. Perhaps nothing illustrates the difficult nature of peacekeeping more than the complex situation in Cyprus. Trying to solve the taxing puzzle of an old conflict between Greek and Turkish Cypriots has tested the resilience and conciliatory abilities of peacekeepers since 1964 to the present day. Initially, UN forces policed the tinderbox situation on the island, quelling the bloodshed between the two communities. Although a fragile peace was restored, a coup took place in 1974. This was soon followed by a Turkish invasion that ultimately resulted in the division of the island. These events dramatically altered the role of the UN forces stationed there.

29. VOA News - Britain: UN Peacekeepers Could Back Up Syria Pullout From Lebanon There are already some united nations peacekeeping forces in the south ofLebanon, he noted. It is possible that as part of a phased withdrawal from http://www.voanews.com/english/2005-03-04-voa7.cfm

var gMenuControlID=0; var menus_included = 0; var jsPageAuthorMode = 0; var jsSessionPreviewON = 1; var jsDlgLoader = '/english/loader.cfm'; var jsSiteID = 13; var jsSubSiteID = 1; var kurrentPageID = 118966; document.CS_StaticURL = "http://author.voanews.com/english/"; document.CS_DynamicURL = "http://author.voanews.com/english/"; A trusted source of news and information since 1942 Text Only Search VOA English V OICE OF A MERICA VOA Home VOA English Regions/Topics Subscribe to E-mail ... Read Editorials Britain: UN Peacekeepers Could Back Up Syria Pullout from Lebanon By Michael Drudge London 04 March 2005 Drudge report - Download 202K Listen to Drudge report Britain says the United Nations could increase the size of its peacekeeping force in Lebanon to shore up security in support of a Syrian withdrawal from the country. Jack Straw British Foreign Secretary Jack Straw raised the possibility of United Nations support for a Syrian pullout from Lebanon during an interview with British radio. "There are already some United Nations peacekeeping forces in the south of Lebanon," he noted. " It is possible that as part of a phased withdrawal from Lebanon by Syria - it has to be swift but obviously phased so you don't leave a mess - there could be some more peacekeeping troops." Mr. Straw says there already have been informal talks at the United Nations about the matter. He says there is absolutely no suggestion of any foreign military action to drive Syria out of Lebanon.

30. United Nations - Reservations About The UN Sixtyfour percent said that UN peacekeeping forces should not be limited tomediating between warring parties, but should be allowed to use force. http://www.americans-world.org/digest/global_issues/un/un6.cfm

This Site Maintained by: Program on International Policy Attitudes Home Search Join Our ListServ ... Global Issues >> United Nations United Nations Reservations About the UN The strongest reservations Americans have about the UN are about whether it is doing a good job in performing its functions. Assessments of UN performance have varied over the last decade. A strong majority has felt that the UN has been too passive in peacekeeping operations. However, the majority does not view the UN as worse than other major public institutions. Reservations About Recent UN Performance Notwithstanding general support for the UN and US participation in it, many Americans have reservations about recent UN performance. These reservations may help explain why favorability ratings for the UN are a bit lower than support for the UN in principle. It may also partially explain why policymakers misperceive the public, believing that most Americans take a negative view of the UN and mistaking the public's short term criticisms of performance for more fundamental objections. In November 2001, as the war on terrorism got under way, the public's job approval rating of the UN approval rose to 63%, a level last seen in the early 1990s (CBS). In the last few years job approval of the UN had recovered somewhat to the 50-60% range (54% in Gallup's February 2001 poll, 52% in May 2000 (Gallup), 60% in the August 1998 Wirthlin Group poll)[

31. CNN - UN Peacekeeping Forces - Oct. 22, 1995 united nations Peacekeeping forces UNFICYP. united nations PeacekeepingForce in Cyprus. March 1964 - To present. UN Information http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9510/un_50/peacekeeping/

United Nations Peacekeeping Forces UNTSO United Nations Truce Supervision Organization June 1948 - To present UN Information UNMOGIP United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan January 1949 - To present UN Information UNEF I First United Nations Emergency Force November 1956 - June 1967 UNOGIL United Nations Observation Group in Lebanon June 1958 - December 1958 ONUC United Nations Operation in the Congo July 1960 - June 1964 UNSF United Nations Security Force in West New Guinea (West Irian) October 1962 - April 1963 UNYOM United Nations Yemen Observation Mission July 1963 - September 1964 UNFICYP United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus March 1964 - To present UN Information DOMREP Mission of the Representative of the Secretary-General in the Dominican Republic May 1965 - October 1966 UNIPOM United Nations India-Pakistan Observation Mission September 1965 - March 1966 UNEF II Second United Nations Emergency Force October 1973 - July 1979 UNDOF United Nations Disengagement Observer Force June 1974 - To present UN Information UNIFIL United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon March 1978 - To present UN Information UNGOMAP United Nations Good Offices Mission in Afghanistan and Pakistan April 1988 - March 1990 UNIIMOG United Nations Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group August 1988 - February 1991 UNAVEM I United Nations Angola Verification Mission I January 1989 - June 1991 UNTAG United Nations Transition Assistance Group April 1989 - March 1990 ONUCA United Nations Observer Group in Central America November 1989 - January 1992

32. Canadian Association Of Veterans In United Nations Peacekeeping Ordinary membership applies to Canadian Citizens who served with the unitednations Peacekeeping forces until terminated by the united nations under http://www.peacekeeper.ca/cavunp/

An Association of retired and serving Canadian military (Regular and Reserve), RCMP, and civilian personnel who have served on United Nations Peacekeeping Missions. The Association also welcomes those who have served on other peacekeeping missions in which participation was sanctioned by the Government of Canada. Version française Content Peacekeeping Day - Why 9 August? NEW! National President's Message (updated 04 Apr 05 Association Historical Information Roll of Honour In Memoriam - recently deceased CAVUNP members. (updated 16 Apr 05 Chapters Across Canada (updated 10 Aug 05 Canadian Peacekeeping Service Medal Membership Application Form Membership Categories Honorary Member - Members who actively support the goals of the Association but are otherwise not eligible for ordinary or associate membership. Honorary status is conferred by the National Board of Directors. Honorary members are not granted voting privileges. Eligibility for Ordinary and Associate Membership Ordinary membership applies to Canadian Citizens who served with the United Nations Peacekeeping Forces until terminated by the United Nations under conditions other than dishonourable. Either Proof of service or a sponsor's certification of personal knowledge of that service is required with all application forms. As approved by the 6th Annual General Meeting of the Association in Calgary on October 18, 1997

33. UN Peacekeeping Reform Mr. Chairman, united nations peacekeeping has gone through a period of The united nations, of course, has no standing forces, and nor would we want it http://www.state.gov/p/io/rls/rm/46522.htm

Bureau of International Organization Affairs (IO) Releases Remarks UN Peacekeeping Reform Philo L. Dibble, Acting Assistant Secretary, Bureau of International Organization Affairs Statement before the Subcommittee on Africa, Global Human Rights and International Operations, House International Relations Committee Washington, DC May 18, 2005 Mr. Chairman, United Nations peacekeeping has gone through a period of extraordinary growth over the last 2 years. Since September 2003, new UN Peacekeeping missions, with total current troop levels over 33,000, have been created for Liberia, Burundi, Haiti, Cote d’Ivoire, and Sudan. After careful scrutiny and due consultation within the administration and with the Congress, the United States voted in favor of the creation of each of those missions in the United Nations Security Council, because we have been satisfied that each one of them serves the national interest of the United States, is right-sized and includes an exit strategy. We strive to ensure that UN missions, which are being sent to operate in dangerous places, are properly trained, have adequate mandates, and are equipped and staffed to do what we ask of them. In many cases, the United States has been the country to propose and lobby for UN peacekeeping. In many cases the fact that the UN has created a peacekeeping mission has served to stanch calls for the U.S. Armed Forces to become or remain militarily involved in yet another world hotspot.

34. Air Force Law Review: United Nations Peace Operations: Applicable Norms And The The Composition of united nations Classical Peacekeeping forces. Peacekeepers withina UN force generally speak different languages and have different http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m6007/is_2001_Wntr/ai_75622163/pg_4

@import url(/css/us/style1.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); @import url(/css/us/articles.css); @import url(/css/us/artHome1.css); Advanced Search Home Help IN free articles only all articles this publication Automotive Sports 10,000,000 articles - not found on any other search engine. FindArticles Air Force Law Review Wntr 2001 Content provided in partnership with 10,000,000 articles Not found on any other search engine. Related Searches Peacekeeping forces / Laws, regulations and rules United Nations / Powers and duties Featured Titles for Advocate, The Air Force Journal of Logistics Air Force Law Review Air Force Speeches ... View all titles in this topic Hot New Articles by Topic Automotive Sports Top Articles Ever by Topic Automotive Sports United Nations peace operations: applicable norms and the application of the law of armed conflict Air Force Law Review Wntr, 2001 by Joseph P. Bialke Save a personal copy of this article and quickly find it again with Furl.net. It's free! Save it. Continued from page 3. Thus, a UN peacekeeping force is, by its very nature, multi-national. An individual soldier in this multi-national force is subject to both the UN and the soldier's respective national chain-of-command. The soldier's country trains, arms, and equips the soldier. Further, soldiers may be disciplined only by their respective national contingents. Yet, the UN exercises operational control over, feeds, and houses the soldier. Both the UN and the contributing nation exercise some control over the soldier, but neither has complete control. This dual command arrangement, with its inherent divided loyalties, is oftentimes problematic. [72] Presently, however, there is no politically viable alternative.

35. ORBIS: Rules Of Engagement For U.N. Peacekeeping Forces In Bosnia Rules of engagement for UN peacekeeping forces in Bosnia Within this legalframework, the united nations (UN) establishes the parameters within which http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0365/is_n4_v38/ai_16443484

@import url(/css/us/style1.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); @import url(/css/us/articles.css); @import url(/css/us/artHome1.css); Advanced Search Home Help IN free articles only all articles this publication Automotive Sports 10,000,000 articles - not found on any other search engine. FindArticles ORBIS Fall 1994 Content provided in partnership with 10,000,000 articles Not found on any other search engine. Related Searches Bosnia and Herzegovina / Military aspects United Nations / Military policy Featured Titles for Advocate, The Air Force Journal of Logistics Air Force Law Review Air Force Speeches ... View all titles in this topic Hot New Articles by Topic Automotive Sports Top Articles Ever by Topic Automotive Sports Rules of engagement for U.N. peacekeeping forces in Bosnia ORBIS Fall, 1994 by Bruce D. Berkowitz Save a personal copy of this article and quickly find it again with Furl.net. It's free! Save it. Like most military units, the U.N. Protection Forces (UNPROFOR) in Bosnia operate under explicit Rules of Engagement (ROE), or written orders defining when the troops can use force. The ROE printed here were issued by General Jean Cot, then commander of U.N. forces, and were intended to establish the conditions under which the forces could use their weapons as they carry out the U.N. peacekeeping mission in Bosnia. (As of this writing, the ROE were due to be re-issued under the current U.N. commander, General Michael Rose, but were expected to be similar.) ROE have a two-way function. First, they are intended to make sure that military operations are consistent with policy objectives; civilian leaders can review the ROE to determine if they are too violent, too risky, or result in too much collateral damage. Secondly, ROE are intended to provide a dear set of guidelines for the commander and his troops, under die presumption that the military's role is to carry out orders and not make policy decisions.

36. Crimes Of War Project > Expert Analysis When States assign troops to peacekeeping duties, the forces answer formally andsolely to the But the united nations is not a party to the conventions. http://www.crimesofwar.org/thebook/un-geneva.html

United Nations and the Geneva Conventions by Roy Gutman In November 1994, as hundreds of Bosnian and Krajina Serb troops advanced on the UN-declared "safe area" of Bihac, disaster loomed for the municipal hospital, which stood directly in the path of the offensive, and for the nine hundred immobile patients inside. The Canadian commander of UN forces in Bihac was reluctant to intervene. The UN force's civil affairs representative, an American, argued that hospitals have a "sacred" status under the 1949 Geneva Conventions and the UN Protection Force (UNPROFOR) had an obligation to protect this one. He drafted a memo to this effect, and his superior in Sarajevo, a Russian, issued a formal request. "The Geneva conventions stipulate that hospitals shall not be attacked . . . the support and concurrence of UNPROFOR military will also be needed. Please immediately pursue the plan with the Bihac commanding officer," it said. Acting on the memo, the commander instructed Bangladeshi troops to drive their armored personnel carriers onto the hospital grounds. The Serbs refrained from attacking the hospital, and the ground invasion was halted. Bihac, a town of seventy thousand, was saved. Two weeks later, the UN's Office of Legal Affairs (OLA), weighed in to ensure that the saving of Bihac did not set a precedent. UN forces, an OLA representative said, are bound only by their Security Council mandate and are not legally obliged to uphold the conventions. "From a strictly legal point of view, obligations (such as the Geneva Conventions) are binding on States. The role of the UN is to carry out the will of the international community as expressed by it in the Security Council," OLA official Stephen Katz said.

37. United Nations Peace-keeping Force In Cyprus (UNFICYP) thousands windows on the world constantly updated. http://www.exxun.com/ekio/io_unficyp_2050.html

exxun.com america europe africa ... world Evolving xxlarge UNion - thousands of windows on the world - constantly updated Home Countries Flags Maps ... Notes and Definitions United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) International Organizations and Groups Other References Abbreviation Title key abbreviation Country Data Codes ... Weights and Measures Translation United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) established 4 March 1964 aim to serve as a peacekeeping force between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots in Cyprus ; established by the UN Security Council members Argentina Austria Canada Croatia ... Uruguay official site or link http://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/missions/unficyp/index.html United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) This page was last updated on 31 August, 2005 Business Opportunity edixxon.com - matching interests, your interests could be the same as ours, search them Private Collection by coinpc - World Coins, Medals, Rare and not, more than 700 pics Stay Inside - the new frontier of the music - free, music, rock, lyrics, song, mp3, download, author, pictures ... footballpoint - Football / Soccer / Futbol for the Show, Door to fields with differentiated score ...

38. Peacekeeping Missions united nations peacekeeping Force in Cyprus; March 1964 to present; Rough annualcost to the UN $42.3 million; Current strength 1183; Fatalities 163 http://www.gmu.edu/departments/t-po/resource-bk/mission/toc.html

BACKGROUND NOTE UNITED NATIONS PEACE- KEEPING OPERATIONS DECEMBER 1994 Minor update: July '95 Go to Current List Go to Past List OPERATIONS 1948 to 1995: 39 Currently under way: 16 PERSONNEL Military personnel served 1948 to present: Over 720,000 Fatalities 1948 to present: 1,194 Military and civilian police personnel serving on 28 February 1994: 69,356 Countries currently contributing military and civilian police personnel: 77 FINANCIAL ASPECTS Total cost to the UN of all operations to present: About $12.5 billion Annualized cost to the UN of current operations: About $3.5 billion Outstanding contributions to peace-keeping operations: About $1.2 billion CURRENT PEACE-KEEPING OPERATIONS UNTSO United Nations Truce Supervision Organization June 1948 to present Rough annual cost to the UN: $28.6 million Current strength: 218 Fatalities: 28 UNMOGIP United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan January 1949 to present Rough annual cost to the UN: $7.2 million Current strength: 39 Fatalities: 6 UNFICYP United Nations Peace-keeping Force in Cyprus March 1964 to present Rough annual cost to the UN: $42.3 million

39. Peacekeeping Often these forces are organized and sponsored by the united nations and/or Felicity Volk Kashmir The Problem of united nations Peacekeeping http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/peace/treatment/pkeeping.htm

International Online Training Program On Intractable Conflict Conflict Research Consortium, University of Colorado, USA Peacekeeping Opening Page Glossary Menu Shortcut Page Since peacekeeping principles are most generally applied to violent or at least potentially violent confrontations, this topic will be discussed first. We will then show how these basic principles can be extended to include non-violent types of force. Most often peacekeeping is done by military personnel. In international conflicts it is done with a neutral, usually multi-national force. Often these forces are organized and sponsored by the United Nations and/or regional organizations such as the Organization of American States (OAS) or the Organization of African Unity (OAU). Typically, the forces are lightly or entirely unarmedthey work through persuasion and moral force, not physical force. Their job is to monitor cease-fires, patrol demilitarized zones, and to create buffer zones between fighting forces, so that the fighting will stop. Sometimes they are assisted by other, non-military personnel such as police offers, humanitarian aid workers, and/or citizen diplomats and peace workers. Since they are only lightly armed, peacekeepers cannot succeed unless the warring parties want to stop fighting. If they do not, there is little peacekeepers can do. If they stay in between the groups, they are likely to get killed. In this case, the sponsoring organization needs to withdraw the peacekeepers, and consider undertaking what is called "an enforcement action" instead, where well-armed troops move in to stop a war. (This occurred in Gulf war, in Somalia, Rwanda, Haiti, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Albania, for example.)

40. Canadian Provincial And Municipal Police Forces On United Nations Peacekeeping M and Municipal Police forces on united nations Peacekeeping Mission in Haiti . Visiting the peacekeeping force in situ allows home authorities to http://www.cpc.gc.ca/research/uncpmu_e.htm

Français Contact Us Help Search ... Links Report Home Research Home Canadian Provincial and Municipal Police Forces on United Nations Peacekeeping Mission in Haiti by Researcher CANADIAN POLICE COLLEGE TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS SUMMARY Introduction Why do people volunteer? ... REFERENCES If you would like to obtain additional copies or wish to share your reactions with us, please contact The Research Centre Canadian Police College P.O. Box 8900 Ottawa (Ontario) Telephone: (613) 998-0796 Fax: (613) 990-9738 E-mail: mlebeuf@cpc.gc.ca ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would especially like to thank those persons who agreed to meet us and discuss the various facets of a peacekeeping mission. Without their generous cooperation, this report could not have been completed. We would also like to thank the personnel at the Canadian Police College Library for making themselves available and being so helpful with regard to documentation. SUMMARY The vast majority of studies, research papers and writings of all kinds dealing with peacekeeping missions are focused on army personnel and their intervention. On the whole, it is rare to find documentation directly linked to civilian police officers or humanitarian agencies, and in general these are concerned with the more immediate interests of the source country of such papers. There is also relatively little documentation to be found concerning the very important post-mission situation.

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