1. Peace 1988 United Nations Peacekeeping Forces New York, NY, USA Founded in 1948. The Nobel Peace Prize 1988 Press Release Presentation Speech United http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

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7. The United Nations Peace-Keeping Forces Winner Of The 1988 Nobel Prize In Peace the united nations peacekeeping forces, a Nobel Peace Laureate, at the NobelPrize Internet Archive. http://almaz.com/nobel/peace/1988a.html

T HE U NITED N ATIONS P EACE- K EEPING F ORCES 1988 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Background Location: New York, NY, U.S.A. Book Store Publications of the United Nations Books about the United Nations Featured Internet Links Milestones in the United Nations' History Search WWW Search The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Nobel News Links First UN Troops went to Mideast in '48 UN Peace-Keepers Win Nobel Prize Links added by Nobel Internet Archive visitors UN peacekeeping successes (submitted by Cynthia Martinez) International Peace Prize Medal 1988 (submitted by Skandinavisk Handels Kompagni United Nations Peacekeeping Forces – History of Organization (submitted by Wanda Ndungu The United Nations Peacekeeing Forces – Nobel Lecture (submitted by Michael Homepage of United Nations Peacekeeping Forces (submitted by Dr. Paul Harrison UNITED NETWORK SPACE COMMAND (submitted by Davis) UN Peackeeping Forces in the Middle East (submitted by Global Tratado de Libre Comercio (submitted by Admin) THE UNITED NATIONS PEACE-KEEPING FORCES New York, NY, U.S.A. (submitted by Vendor) Back to The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Literature Peace Chemistry ... Medicine We always welcome your feedback and comments

8. Rwandan Genocide Drama Is Worthy, But Hard To Watch South Florida for future rebellions, a reign of terror against the Tutsis was ignited, which United Nations peacekeeping forces were powerless to quell. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

9. The United Nations Peace-Keeping Forces Winner Of The 1988 Nobel the united nations peacekeeping forces, a Nobel Peace Laureate, at the Nobel Prize Internet Archive. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

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12. Boston Globe Online / Table Of Contents WASHINGTON the united nations peacekeeping forces have won the 1988 NobelPeace Prize, the award committee announced in Oslo yesterday. http://www.boston.com/globe/search/stories/nobel/1988/1988m.html

Archives Big Dig Book Reviews Boston Capital ... Week in Photos Search the Globe: Today Yesterday UN PEACE-KEEPERS WIN NOBEL PRIZE Author: By Fred Kaplan, Globe Staff Date: Friday, September 30, 1988 Page: Section: NATIONAL/FOREIGN WASHINGTON The United Nations peace-keeping forces have won the 1988 Nobel Peace Prize, the award committee announced in Oslo yesterday. The committee chairman, Egil Aarvik, said the UN forces have made "a decisive contribution" to peace around the world, and the award citation noted that they have done so "under extremely difficult conditions." In New York, UN Secretary General Javier Perez de Cuellar told the General Assembly, "The award is a tribute to the idealism of all who have served this organization and in particular to the valor and sacrifice of those who have contributed, and continue to contribute, to our peace-keeping operations." Since 1948, about 500,000 UN personnel from 58 nations have been involved in the peace-keeping forces. UN spokesmen say 733 persons have been killed over the years. Rumors had circulated in recent months that the Peace Prize might go to President Reagan and Mikhail S. Gorbachev, the Soviet leader, who last

13. Peacekeeping - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia (Redirected from united nations peacekeeping forces) The united nationsPeacekeeping Force was Pearson s creation, and he is considered the father of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Peace-Keeping_Forces

Peacekeeping From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (Redirected from United Nations Peace-Keeping Forces Peacekeeping , as defined by the United Nations , is a way to help countries torn by conflict create conditions for sustainable peace. UN peacekeepers—soldiers and military officers, civilian police officers and civilian personnel from many countries—monitor and observe peace processes that emerge in post-conflict situations and assist ex-combatants in implementing the peace agreements they have signed. Such assistance comes in many forms, including confidence-building measures, power-sharing arrangements, electoral support, strengthening the rule of law, and economic and social development. All operations must include the resolution of conflicts through the use of force to be considered valid under the charter of the United Nations. The Charter of the United Nations gives the UN Security Council the power and responsibility to take collective action to maintain international peace and security. For this reason, the international community usually looks to the Security Council to authorize peacekeeping operations. Most of these operations are established and implemented by the United Nations itself with troops serving under UN operational command. In other cases, where direct UN involvement is not considered appropriate or feasible, the Council authorizes regional organizations such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation , the Economic Community of West African States or coalitions of willing countries to implement certain peacekeeping or peace enforcement functions.

14. Applicability Of International Humanitarian Law To United Nations Peace-keeping united nations peacekeeping forces (PKF) are not armed forces raised by theSecurity Council by virtue of Articles 43 and 47 of the united nations Charter, http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/iwpList367/9AF00A5C8EC21438C1256B660059

About the ICRC ICRC activities The ICRC worldwide Focus ... Print this page International Review of the Red Cross no 294, p.227-240 by Umesh Palwankar Applicability of international humanitarian law to United Nations peace-keeping forces Introduction In recent years, and especially in 1992, the number of United Nations peace-keeping operations has increased at an unprecedented rate. Thirteen such operations were carried out between 1945 and 1987, whereas fourteen have been initiated since 1987. In 1992 alone, three new operations were started - in Cambodia, the former Yugoslavia and Somalia - and 1993 brought another, in Mozambique. The number of United Nations personnel deployed in the field quadrupled during 1992 to more than 50,000 persons, with a total budget of some $2,500 million at the end of the year.[1] United Nations peace-keeping forces: definition and characteristics United Nations peace-keeping forces (PKF) are not armed forces raised by the Security Council by virtue of Articles 43 and 47 of the United Nations Charter, nor are they organized by the States Members on the basis of an invitation (as in Korea in 1950) or of an authorization by the Security Council (as in the Gulf in 1990, and Somalia in 1992). Both these categories are empowered to use coercive measures to restore international peace and security (or adequate security conditions) in the region concerned. The PKF differ from the forces previously mentioned, primarily in that their mandate is to

15. Peacekeeping Missions When united nations peacekeeping forces were later deployed, in the Sinai in1973, on the Golan Heights in 1974 and in southern Lebanon in 1978, http://www.gmu.edu/departments/t-po/resource-bk/mission/untso.html

UNITED NATIONS TRUCE SUPERVISION ORGANIZATION HEADQUARTERS: Government House, Jerusalem DURATION: June 1948 to present CURRENT STRENGTH: 217 military observers FATALITIES: 28 OFFICER-IN-CHARGE: Colonel Joseph Bujold (Canada) BACKGROUND From its early days, the United Nations has been concerned with the Arab-Israeli conflict in the Middle East. Since 1948, there have been five full-fledged wars directly connected with the conflict, and five United Nations peace-keeping operations have been established in the region. Of these, three are still deployed. The Arab-Israeli conflict has its origins in the problem of Palestine, which was brought before the United Nations early in 1947. At the time, Palestine was a Territory administered by the United Kingdom under a Mandate from the League of Nations, with a population of about 2 million, two thirds of whom were Arabs and one third, Jews. In November 1947, the General Assembly endorsed a plan for the partition of the Territory, providing for the creation of an Arab State and a Jewish State, with Jerusalem to be placed under international status. The plan was not accepted by the Palestinian Arabs and Arab States. On 14 May 1948, the United Kingdom relinquished its Mandate over Palestine and the State of Israel was proclaimed. On the following day, the Palestinian Arabs, assisted by Arab States, opened hostilities against Israel. ESTABLISHMENT OF UNTSO On 29 May, the Security Council, in its resolution

16. The Nobel Peace Prize: United Nations Peace-Keeping Forces The Nobel Prize united nations Peacekeeping forces The Nobel Foundation powered by xago.org - The World Heritage Sites http://www.nobelpreis.org/english/frieden/friedenstruppen.html

The Nobel Peace Prize 1988 Next Previous Search Home ... Economics United Nations Peacekeeping Forces ( founded 1945) External links The Nobel Prize - United Nations Peacekeeping Forces The Nobel Foundation powered by xago.org - The World Heritage Sites Webmaster Services

17. United Nations Peacekeeping Forces - History Of Organization The united nations Peacekeeping forces are employed by the World Organizaton tomaintain or reestablish peace in an area of armed conflict. http://nobelprize.org/peace/laureates/1988/un-history.html

HOME SITE HELP ABOUT SEARCH ... EDUCATIONAL The United Nations Peacekeeping Forces are employed by the World Organizaton to maintain or re-establish peace in an area of armed conflict. The UN may engage in conflicts between states as well as in struggles within states. The UN acts as an impartial third party in order to prepare the ground for a settlement of the issues that have provoked armed conflict. If it proves impossible to achieve a peaceful settlement, the presence of UN forces may contribute to reducing the level of conflict. The UN Peacekeeping Forces may only be employed when both parties to a conflict accept their presence. Accordingly, they may also be used by the warring parties to avoid having a conflict escalate and, in the event, also to have a struggle called off. The Peacekeeping Forces are subordinate to the leadership of the United Nations. They are normally deployed as a consequence of a Security Council decision. However, on occasion, the initiative has been taken by the General Assembly. Operational control belongs to the Secretary-General and his secretariat. We distinguish between two kinds of peacekeeping operations - unarmed observer groups and lightly-armed military forces. The latter are only allowed to employ their weapons for self-defence. Altogether, 14 UN operations have been carried out. They are evenly divided between observer groups and military forces. The observer groups are concerned with gathering information for the UN about actual conditions prevailing in an area, e.g., as to whether both parties adhere to an armistice agreement. The military forces are entrusted with more extended tasks, such as keeping the parties to a conflict apart and maintaining order in an area.

18. The United Nations Peacekeeping Forces - Nobel Lecture The united nations Peacekeeing forces – Nobel Lecture A peacekeeping forcethat uses its weapons for purposes other than strict selfdefense quickly http://nobelprize.org/peace/laureates/1988/un-lecture.html

HOME SITE HELP ABOUT SEARCH ... EDUCATIONAL The United Nations Peacekeeing Forces Nobel Lecture, January 9, 1989 Mr. Chairman, Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, I should like first of all, to once again thank the Norwegian Nobel Committee for the award they have made to the United Nations Peacekeeping Operations. Their decision has been acclaimed all over the world. I take this opportunity also to express once again my deep gratitude to the countries which have contributed troops or provided logistical support to these operations. It is to their willing cooperation that we owe the success of this great experiment in conflict control. Peace - the word evokes the simplest and most cherished dream of humanity. Peace is, and has always been, the ultimate human aspiration. And yet our history overwhelmingly shows that while we speak incessantly of peace, our actions tell a very different story. Peace is any easy word to say in any language. As Secretary-General of the United Nations I hear i t so frequently from so many different mouths and different sources, that it sometimes seems to me to be a general incantation more or less deprived of practical meaning. What do we really mean by peace?

19. United Nations - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia For participation in various peacekeeping operations, the united nations According to accounts from community members and journalists, UN forces http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations

United Nations From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article is about the United Nations, for other uses of "UN" or "Un", see UN (disambiguation) United Nations Flag of the United Nations Arabic Chinese English ... Kofi Annan (since Established as a wartime alliance: January 1 as an international organization: October 24 Member states Headquarters New York City ... USA Official site www.un.org Other official names: Organisation des Nations unies Naciones Unidas edit The United Nations , or UN , is an international organization established in and now made up of 191 member states , which includes virtually all all internationally recognized independent countries The UN describes itself as a "global association of governments facilitating cooperation in international law, security, economic development, and social equity." Contents Background and history Structure Security Council Failure to act (or succeed) in security issues ... edit Background and history UN headquarters in New York City Main articles: League of Nations and History of the United Nations UN membership is open to all "peace-loving states" that accept the obligations of the UN Charter and, in the judgement of the organization, are able and willing to fulfil these obligations. The General Assembly determines admission upon recommendation of the Security Council. The organization's headquarters is in

20. United Nations Peacekeeping Forces united nations Peacekeeping forces, The Peacekeeping forces were firstorganized to monitor a truce between Israel and its Arab neighbours in 1948. http://www.britannica.com/nobel/micro/732_87.html

United Nations Peacekeeping Forces, Norwegian UN peacekeeping troops keep watch on a cease-fire line in southern Lebanon, 1978 UPI/Corbis-Bettmann [Video] international forces founded in 1948 by the authority of the United Nations Security Council to help establish or maintain peace in areas of armed conflict. The forces were awarded the 1988 Nobel Prize for Peace for representing the world community's will to employ peaceful methods to resolve conflicts. The Peacekeeping Forces were first organized to monitor a truce between Israel and its Arab neighbours in 1948. Members of the UN Secretariat and a few soldiers stationed themselves in the disputed area of Palestine to observe and report any violations of the truce. As conflicts arose in other parts of the world, such as the discord between India and Pakistan over Kashmir, the UN sent groups of observers and lightly armed military forces. In 1956 , then UN secretary-general, outlined the guidelines for future employment of peacekeeping forces: permission of all disputing parties is required before intervention; negotiation and persuasion are to be used instead of violence; only the UN Security Council may give orders to the Peacekeeping Forces; and all member nations of the UN must financially support the forces. The latter requirement often is not observed because some member nations refuse for political reasons to pay dues for the forces. Despite such problems with unwilling financial supporters, the UN Peacekeeping Forces continue to work toward peace around the world. They are often employed in areas where a cease-fire is established, but no formal peace treaty has yet been signed, or they maintain a buffer zone between disputing parties. The forces' activities since receiving the Nobel Prize have included helping Namibia make its transition to independence in 1989 and serving as a buffer along the Iraq-Kuwait border following the Persian Gulf War in 1991.

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