41. Shockley, William B., in full william BRADFORD shockley (b. Feb. 13, 1910, London, Eng.d. Aug.12, 1989, Palo Alto, Calif., US), American engineer and teacher, cowinner (with http://www.britannica.com/nobel/micro/544_30.html

Shockley, William B., Shockley Fabian Bachrach in full WILLIAM BRADFORD SHOCKLEY (b. Feb. 13, 1910, London, Eng.d. Aug. 12, 1989, Palo Alto, Calif., U.S.), American engineer and teacher, cowinner (with John Bardeen and Walter H. Brattain ) of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1956 for their development of the transistor , a device that largely replaced the bulkier and less-efficient vacuum tube and ushered in the age of microminiature electronics. Shockley studied physics at the California Institute of Technology (B.S., 1932) and at Harvard University (Ph.D., 1936). He joined the technical staff of the Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1936 and there began experiments with semiconductors that ultimately led to the invention and development of the transistor. During World War II, he served as director of research for the Antisubmarine Warfare Operations Research Group of the U.S. Navy. After the war, Shockley returned to Bell Telephone as director of its research program on solid-state physics. Working with Bardeen and Brattain, he resumed his attempts to use semiconductors as amplifiers and controllers of electronic signals. The three men invented the point-contact transistor in 1947 and a more effective device, the junction transistor, in 1948. Shockley was deputy director of the Weapons Systems Evaluation Group of the Department of Defense in 1954-55. He joined Beckman Instruments, Inc., to establish the Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory in 1955. In 1958 he became lecturer at Stanford University, California, and in 1963 he became the first Poniatoff professor of engineering science there (emeritus, 1974). He wrote

42. Shockley, William B. --  Britannica Student Encyclopedia shockley, william B. (1910–89), US physicist, born in London, England, of USparents; in US after 1913; research physicist 1945–54; director transistor http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article-9313517

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in This Article's Table of Contents Shockley, William B. Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products Shockley, William B. Student Encyclopedia Article Page 1 of 1 Shockley, William B.... (75 of 90 words) var mm = [["Jan.","January"],["Feb.","February"],["Mar.","March"],["Apr.","April"],["May","May"],["June","June"],["July","July"],["Aug.","August"],["Sept.","September"],["Oct.","October"],["Nov.","November"],["Dec.","December"]]; To cite this page: MLA style: "Shockley, William B.." Britannica Student Encyclopedia http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article-9313517

43. William Shockley Detailed listing of TV appearances. http://www.tvtome.com/tvtome/servlet/PersonDetail/personid-3816/

GameSpot GameFAQs MP3.com TV.com Email: Password: Signup Forgot Login mboxCreate('tv-fd-signup'); Home TV Listings All TV Shows TV News ... TV Forums Search: William Shockley : Summary William Shockley Summary Biography Credits News Videos Pictures Reviews Add biographical information for William Shockley Most Recent Appearance Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman The Heart Within Saturday 12 May, 2001 On CBS Michaela and Sully travel by train to Boston with their children Brian and Katie to be at Colleen's graduation. Upon arriving they find that Michaela's mother just about to be released from the hospital but instructed that she needs complete bedrest. Colleen must face the fact that a woman doctor will not be welcomed at any Boston medical office. Brian gets a job while everyone is busy with... Continue Episode Summary See All Appearances Recent Headlines (external) - More William Shockley News Add trivia for William Shockley Other Appearances Starring Roles Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman

44. William Bradford Shockley shockley, william Bradford (19101989) (The Hutchinson Encyclopedia). Solid-StatePhysicist william shockley He fathered the transistor and brought the http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0844996.html

in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Daily Almanac for Sep 15, 2005 Skip Navigation Home Almanacs ... Word of the Day Editor's Favorites Back to School Hurricane Katrina Daylight Saving Time Hispanic Heritage Month ... Mississippi Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map College Center Scholarship Search College Resources Career Center Job Search Post Your Resume Continuing Ed. more . . . Search: Infoplease Info search tips Search: Biographies Bio search tips google_ad_client = 'pub-1894504138907931'; google_ad_width = 120; google_ad_height = 240; google_ad_format = '120x240_as'; google_ad_type = 'text'; google_ad_channel =''; google_color_border = ['336699','B4D0DC','DFF2FD','B0E0E6']; google_color_bg = ['FFFFFF','ECF8FF','DFF2FD','FFFFFF']; google_color_link = ['0000FF','0000CC','0000CC','000000']; google_color_url = ['008000','008000','008000','336699']; google_color_text = ['000000','6F6F6F','000000','333333']; Encyclopedia Shockley, William Bradford Shockley, William Bradford, transistor in 1947; for this work they shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1956. Shockley taught electrical engineering at Stanford Univ. from 1958 to 1975. In the late 1960s and 1970s he became the center of controversy when he lectured on his theory that blacks were intellectually inferior and, by reproducing faster than whites, were causing a retrogression in human evolution. Most social scientists took issue with his interpretation of gross intelligence quotient (IQ) scores because he made no allowance for cultural and social influences.

45. William Shockley [Pictures And Photos Of] william shockley pictures, photos, photographs, images, physics history. http://www.aip.org/history/esva/catalog/esva/Shockley_William.html

A larger image of any photo may be purchased. Click on an image to place an order. For more information visit our home page John Bardeen, Walter Houser Brattain, William Shockley Description L-R: Bardeen, Shockley, Brattain ; talking ; Bell Telepone Laboratory Item ID Bardeen C2 John Bardeen, Walter Houser Brattain, William Shockley, Charles Hard Townes Description middle age, suit, sitting, talking, smiling; L-R: J. Bardeen, W. Shockley, C. Townes, W. Brattain. Item ID Bardeen John D2 John Bardeen, Walter Houser Brattain, William Shockley Description L-R: Shockley, Bardeen, Brattain ; laboratory ; equipment Item ID Brattain C13 John Bardeen, Walter Houser Brattain, William Shockley Description L-R: Bardeen, Shockley, Brattain ; suit ; transistors Item ID Brattain C14 John Bardeen, Walter Houser Brattain, William Shockley Description L-R: Brattain, Shockley, Bardeen; casual dress; talking; equipment Item ID Brattain C21 John Bardeen, Walter Houser Brattain, William Shockley Description l-r Bardeen, Shockley, Brattain; talking; equipment; Photographed during a 1972 reunion marking the 25th anniversary of their invention Item ID Brattain C4 John Bardeen, Walter Houser Brattain, William Shockley

46. AIP International Catalog Of Sources Complemented by three additions shockley, william, 1910. Addition to papers,1940-1985; Addition to papers, 1939-1988; and shockley, william, 1910. http://www.aip.org/history/catalog/3584.html

If you are not immediately redirected, please click here My List - Help Browse Archival Resources Archival Finding Aids Books Photos Browse FAQs Past Searches History Home Search: Author Subject Title Journal/Newspaper Title Series Computer File (Software) Title Video Title Refine Search AIP Niels Bohr Library Item Information Holdings More by this author Shockley, William, 1910- Subjects Shockley, William B., 1910- Family Records and correspondence. Stanford University. Dept. of Electrical Engineering Faculty. Stanford University Students Political activity. Air pollution. Birth control. Electronics. Eugenics. Genetics. Intellect. Population. Patents. Science Study and teaching. Solid state physics. Student movements United States California. Transistors. Browse Catalog by author: Shockley, William, 1910- by title: Papers, 1860-1988 (i... MARC Display Papers, 1860-1988 (inclusive), 1940-1988 (bulk). by Shockley, William, 1910- Description: 60 linear ft. Owning Repository: Stanford University. Department of Special Collections. Stanford, CA 94305, USA Country of Repository: USA Biography/History: Shockley (1910-1989). Professor of engineering at Stanford (1958-1975; emeritus 1975- ). Major affiliations: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA, 1932-1936; Bell Labortories, NJ, USA, 1936-1942, 1945-1954; and Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA, 1958-. Shockley was co-recipient of the Nobel Prize in physics, 1956.

47. Invent Now | Hall Of Fame | Search | Inventor Profile william Bradford shockley Born Feb 13 1910 Died Aug 12 1989 Physicists JohnBardeen, william B. shockley, and Walter Brattain shared the 1956 Nobel http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/1_1_6_detail.asp?vInventorID=134

48. Shockley, William B. (1910-1989) -- From Eric Weisstein's World Of Scientific Bi shockley, william B. (19101989) shockley, W. Electrons and Holes inSemiconductors, with Applications to Transistor Electronics. http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Shockley.html

Branch of Science Physicists Nationality American ... Physics Prize Shockley, William B. (1910-1989) English-American physicist and undergraduate at Caltech who studied crystal rectifiers with Bardeen and Brattain . The group developed the solid state rectifier, known as the transistor transistors could also function as amplifiers, so these compact devices soon replace bulky and burn-out-prone triode vacuum tubes For this work, the three shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in physics. Bardeen Brattain References Physics Today, Jun. 1991, p. 130. Shockley, W. Electrons and Holes in Semiconductors, with Applications to Transistor Electronics. New York: Van Nostrand, 1950.

49. William Bradford Shockley shockley, william Bradford, 1910–89, American physicist, b. London. He graduatedfrom the California Institute of Technology (BS, 1932) and the http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/people/A0844996.html

Home U.S. People Word Wise ... Homework Center Fact Monster Favorites Hurricane Katrina Children as Authors Children Inventors The Doctor's In ... 2006 TFK Almanac Reference Desk Atlas Almanacs Dictionary Encyclopedia ... Encyclopedia Shockley, William Bradford Shockley, William Bradford, transistor in 1947; for this work they shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1956. Shockley taught electrical engineering at Stanford Univ. from 1958 to 1975. In the late 1960s and 1970s he became the center of controversy when he lectured on his theory that blacks were intellectually inferior and, by reproducing faster than whites, were causing a retrogression in human evolution. Most social scientists took issue with his interpretation of gross intelligence quotient (IQ) scores because he made no allowance for cultural and social influences. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Page Tools: Cite Print See more Encyclopedia articles on: Physics: Biographies AD AD AD ADS Business Cards Link to Fact Monster Add Fact Monster search ... Privacy Brought to you by: Information Please

50. Shockley, William Bradford. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 shockley, william Bradford. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 200105. http://www.bartleby.com/65/sh/Shockley.html

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51. LII - Results For "shockley, William, 1910-" Short biography of Dr. william shockley who, along with his colleagues JohnBardeen and Walter Brattain, shared the 1956 Nobel Prize for physics for their http://www.lii.org/search?searchtype=subject;query=Shockley, William, 1910-;subs

52. Shockley, William shockley, william Bradford (19101989) The son of a mining engineer, shockleywas educated at the California Institute of Technology and the http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/S/Shockley/1.htm

Shockley, William Bradford US physicist, who developed the junction transistor from the point-contact transistor. He was awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize for Physics. The son of a mining engineer, Shockley was educated at the California Institute of Technology and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he gained his PhD in 1936. He immediately joined the research staff of Bell Telephone Laboratories and in 1953 became director of the transistor physics department. Shockley also became connected with a number of private companies all concerned with the commercial exploitation of the transistor. In 1963 he was appointed to the Poniatoff Professorship of Electrical Engineering at Stanford, remaining a consultant with Bell until he retired from both positions in 1975. In 1947 Shockley's colleagues at Bell, J. Bardeen and W. J. Brattain, invented the point-contact transistor. This, however, was a theoretical rather than a practical breakthrough. Shortly afterwards Shockley developed the more practical junction transistor, which transformed the electronics industry. Shockley shared his Nobel Prize with Bardeen and Brattain. Subsequently Shockley argued his minority views on genetics, gaining considerable publicity. Believing that blacks are less intelligent than whites, and that the current population explosion is spreading 'bad' genes at the expense of 'good', Shockley enthusiastically supported such schemes as a sperm bank produced by Nobel prizewinners, restrictions on mixed marriages, and voluntary sterilization.

53. Adventures In CyberSound: Shockley, William Bradford An online, academic work that will research the history of radio and the relatedmedia services of telegraphy, telephony, facsimile, television, http://www.acmi.net.au/AIC/SHOCKLEY_BIO.html

A D V E N T U R E S in C Y B E R S O U N D William Bradford Shockley, Dr : 1910 - 1989 The American physicist William Bradford Shockley, b. London, Feb. 13, 1910, d. Aug. 12, 1989, shared the 1956 Nobel Prize for physics with John Bardeen and Walter Brattain for the invention of the transistor . Shockley had been working at Bell Telephone Laboratories since 1937 when the team developed (1948) a way to alter semiconductor crystals so that they could both detect and amplify radio waves. In 1963, Shockley became a professor of engineering science at Stanford University. During the late 1960s and in the 1970s, Shockley caused controversy by his active support of the viewexplored in the work of men such as Arthur Jensenthat intelligence capacity is a genetic trait of races. Source: The New Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia William Bradford Shockley belongs in our pantheon of saints because, with the invention of the transistor, he made electro-space possible. Before the transistor, computers filled huge, refrigerated rooms frosted to keep cool all the thousands of hot vacuum tubes needed to keep them humming along. Before the transistor, Arthur C. Clarke's geosynchronous communication satellite, running on vacuum tubes, was simply an impossible dream. That satellite, filled with millions of vacuum tubes (and dozens engineers to replace them as they burned out) would have been as big as Manhattan Island. Shockley got his undergraduate degree from CalTech in 1932, and his Ph.D. four years later at MIT. Then he went to work at Bell Labs. A little more than a decade later, he and two colleagues, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain, came up with the transistor. It was a piece of gold foil wrapped around a plastic knife, pressed against a block of germanium that had an electrical connection at its base. Their device was primitive, but they had invented a new, immensely more efficient kind of valve to let electricity flow, or not flow, and amplify it. Now a great deal of the world's work could, and would, be done, at the speed of light.

54. William Shockley Winner Of The 1956 Nobel Prize In Physics william shockley, a Nobel Prize Laureate in Physics, at the Nobel Prize InternetArchive. http://almaz.com/nobel/physics/1956a.html

W ILLIAM S HOCKLEY 1956 Nobel Laureate in Physics for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect. Background Place of Birth: London, Great Britain Residence: U.S.A. Affiliation: Semiconductor Laboratory of Beckman Instruments, Inc., Mountain View, CA, Featured Internet Links Prize co-recipient: John Bardeen Prize co-recipient: Walter Houser Brattain Search WWW Search The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Nobel News Links Obituary Anti-Shockley Protest Erupts on TV Show Paper Libeled Shockley, Jury Says Physicist Awarded $1 in Damages for Article on Race and Genetics ... Pretensions of Immortality Links added by Nobel Internet Archive visitors Java applet simulating the Haynes-Shockley experiment used to measure excess-carrier behavior in semiconductors Biography from Lucent Technologies ... time biography by Intel co-founder (submitted by Chris Quackenbush) People and Discoveries: William Shockley (submitted by Chinnappan Baskar William B. Shockley – Biography (submitted by Chinnappan Baskar William B. Shockley – Nobel Lecture

55. Connected Earth Shockley, William (1910-1989) Joint Inventor Of william shockley was one of the coinventors of the transistor which earned himthe Nobel prize in shockley had been interested in physics since he was a http://www.connected-earth.com/Galleries/Pioneersandpersonalities/S/Shockley/

@import url("/Templates/css/ce_lower.css"); Skip to main content Home Sitemap A to Z Search this site: Galleries Collections Days out Learning Centre ... Shockley Shockley, William (1910-1989) : joint inventor of the transistor William Shockley was one of the co-inventors of the transistor, which earned him the Nobel prize in 1956. Shockley had been interested in physics since he was a boy, and studied it at college, successfully graduating from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), in 1936. He went straight to Bell Laboratories to develop electronic improvements to the telephone exchange and during the Second World War he helped refine radar. Shockley moved into radio development when the war ended, and joined forces with John Bardeen and Walter Brattain to develop the first transistor in 1947. This revolutionised the way radios worked, making them smaller, lighter and cheaper. In 1955, Shockley quit Bell Labs to act as a consultant and visiting professor, and also set up his own research centre. He thought a great deal about the teaching process and how scientific thought could be improved, but arrived at some very controversial right-wing opinions. His contribution to science is, however, undeniable. About Contact Connected Earth Links

56. Physics 1956 william Bradford shockley, John Bardeen, Walter Houser Brattain. william Bradfordshockley, John Bardeen, Walter Houser Brattain. third 1/3 of the prize http://nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1956/

HOME SITE HELP ABOUT SEARCH ... EDUCATIONAL The Nobel Prize in Physics 1956 "for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect" William Bradford Shockley John Bardeen Walter Houser Brattain 1/3 of the prize 1/3 of the prize 1/3 of the prize USA USA USA Semiconductor Laboratory of Beckman Instruments, Inc. Mountain View, CA, USA University of Illinois Urbana, IL, USA Bell Telephone Laboratories Murray Hill, NJ, USA b. 1910 (in London, United Kingdom) d. 1989 b. 1908 d. 1991 b. 1902 d. 1987 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1956 Presentation Speech Educational/Semiconductors Educational/Transistor ... Other Resources The 1956 Prize in: Physics Chemistry Physiology or Medicine Literature ... Peace Find a Laureate: Nobelprize.org Get to know all 770 Prize Winners! » Games and Simulations » SITE FEEDBACK ... TELL A FRIEND Last modified April 14, 2005

57. Science And Society Picture Library - Search released images found for the Keyword shockley, AND william AND BRADFORD ShockProof shockley shockley, william shockley, william Bradford http://www.scienceandsociety.co.uk/results.asp?txtkeys1=Shockley, William Bradfo

58. WILLIAM SHOCKLEY - CAFE JOSIE Cafe Josie Website Cafe Josie Reviews Drawings by william Menu Photos ©2003 Braincloud Design All Rights Reserved. http://www.williamshockley.com/cafejosie.html

Cafe Josie Website Cafe Josie Reviews Drawings by William Menu Cafe Josie Website Cafe Josie Reviews Drawings by William Menu ... Photos

59. Shockley, William Bradford Translate this page william shockley Nació en Londres (Inglaterra), el 13 de Febrero de 1910, En 1954 william shockley abandonó los laboratorios Bell para fundar una http://perso.wanadoo.es/chyryes/glosario/shockley.htm

Shockley, William Bradford (1919-1989). Nació en Londres (Inglaterra), el 13 de Febrero de 1910, hijo de William Hillman Shockley, un ingeniero minero nacido en Masachusetts y su esposa Mary Bradford quien también trabajaba en la minería, siendo una inspector diputado del mineral en Nevada. La familia regresó a los Estados Unidos en 1913 y William Junior fue educado en California, obteniendo su grado B.Sc. en el Instituto tecnológico de California en 1932. Estudió en el instituto tecnológico de Masachusetts bajo la dirección del profesor J.C. Slater y obtuvo su Ph.D. en 1936, presentando una tesis doctoral sobre la estructura de bandas de energía del cloruro sódico. Con el apoyo de Bell Telephone Laboratories en 1936 comenzó los experimentos que le llevaron al descubrimiento y posterior desarrollo del transistor de unión. Durante la segunda Guerra Mundial ejerció como director de investigación en el grupo de investigaciones de operaciones de combate antisubmarinos. Trabajó, igualmente, como consejero experto en la oficina del secretario para la guerra. Al finalizar la guerra, volvió a Bell Telephone como director de la investigación física del transistor La investigación de Shockley estuvo centrada en las bandas de energía de los sólidos, la difusión propia del cobre, el orden y el desorden en los enlaces, experimentos y teoría en los campos ferromagnéticos, experimentos de fotoelectrones en cloruro de plata, varios temas en la física del

60. On This Day: Birthdays: Feb. 13 william shockley Wikipedia, the free encyclopediashockley insisted on working alone, leaving his two researchers by themselves, About william shockley shockley and Bardeen-Brattain patent disputes http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0213.html

Back to Main Student Connections News Summaries Daily News Quiz ... Feedback August 14, 1989 OBITUARY William B. Shockley, 79, Creator of Transistor and Theory on Race By WOLFGANG SAXON Agence France-Presse This 1947 file photo shows Dr. William Shockley conducting research that led to the invention of the transistor at Bell Laboratory in 1947. illiam Bradford Shockley, who shared a Nobel Prize in physics for his role in the creation of the transistor and earned the enmity of many for his views on the genetic differences between the races, died of cancer of the prostate at his home in California on Saturday. He was 79 years old and lived on the campus of Stanford University. He was a professor emeritus of electrical engineering at Stanford. In addition, he lectured and wrote extensively. Many of his early endeavors became clouded by controversy, however, because of his pronouncements on race. He preached a philosophy of ''retrogressive evolution.'' Stipulating that intelligence was genetically transmitted, he deemed blacks genetically inferior to whites and unable to achieve their intellectual level. As a corollary, he suggested that blacks were reproducing faster than whites - hence, the retrogression in human evolution. Start of Electronic Age The invention of the transistor became the basis for the electronic age. From it flowed virtually every one of today's devices installed in airliners and cars, calculators and computers, wristwatches and washing machines.

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