61. EXPLORIT Science Center 1845, laveran, charles louis alphonse. 1845, Levinstein, Ivan. 1845, Me(t)chnikov,Ilya (Elie). 1845, Roentgen, Wilhelm Conrad. 1847, Bell, Alexander Graham http://www.explorit.org/book/BOSDscientists.html

HOME ABOUT CALENDAR NEWS ... EXPANSION The Book Of Science Days Buy this interesting, useful resource today Scientists featured in the daily entries Birth Year Last Name Other names 15th Century da Vinci Leonardo Copernicus Nicolas 16th Century Fuchs Leonhart Mercator Gerardus Vesalius Andreas Gilbert William Brahe Tycho Bacon Francis Galilei Galileo Kepler Johannes Harvey William 17th Century Fermat Pierre de Torricelli Evangelista Grimaldi Francesco Maria Picard Jean Pascal Blaise Sydenham Thomas Boyle Robert Malpighi Marcello Ray John Huygens Christiaan Leeuwenhoek Antony van Wren Christopher Hooke Robert Steno Nicolaus Newton Isaac Flamsteed John Papin Denis Lancisi Giovanni Maria Halley Edmund Newcomen Thomas Hales Stephen Reaumur Rene Antoine Ferchault de Taylor Brook Fahrenheit Gabriel Maupertius Pierre Louis Moreau de Bernoulli Daniel 18th Century Celsius Anders Artedi Petrus Chatelet Emilie du Franklin Benjamin Euler Leonhard Linnaeus Carl Vaucanson Jacques de D'Alembert Jean le Rond Agnesi Maria Gaetana Macquer Pierre Joseph Hutton James Boulton Matthew Spallanzani Lazarro Wedgewood Josiah Cavendish Henry Darwin Erasmus Arkwright Richad Wilcke Johan Carl Priestley Joseph Bergman Torbern Olaf Watt James Galvani Luigi Herschel William Withering William Young Arthur Scheele Carl Wilhelm Cartwright Edmund Klaproth Martin Heinrich Lavoisier Antoine Laurent Lamarck Jean Baptiste Montgolfier Jacques-Etienne Volta Alessandro Charles Jacques Alexandre Cesar Curtis William Monge Gaspard Delambre Jean Baptiste Joseph Jenner Edward Herschel Caroline Fourcroy Antoine Francoise de Chaptal Jean Antoine Claude Telford Thomas Whitney Eli Dalton John Malthus

62. History Of Malaria not clarified until the scientific work of charles louis alphonselaveran (18451922) explained charles alphonse laveran BBC Hulton Picture Library. http://ecology.cwru.edu/malaria/Malaria Data/History of Malaria.htm

63. Malaria -- Facts, Info, And Encyclopedia Article French army doctor (Click link for more info and facts about charles louisalphonse laveran) charles louis alphonse laveran was awarded the (Click link http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/m/ma/malaria.htm

Malaria [Categories: Parasitology, Infectious diseases, Apicomplexa] Malaria (A native or inhabitant of Italy) Italian bad air "; formerly called (Successive stages of chills and fever that is a symptom of malaria) ague or marsh fever in (An Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the Commonwealth countries) English ) is an (A disease transmitted only by a specific kind of contact) infectious disease which in humans causes about 500 million infections and 2 million deaths annually, mainly in the (The part of the Earth's surface between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn; characterized by a hot climate) tropics and (Click link for more info and facts about sub-Saharan) sub-Saharan (The second largest continent; located south of Europe and bordered to the west by the South Atlantic and to the east by the Indian Ocean) Africa Malaria is caused by the (In some classifications considered a superphylum or a subkingdom; comprises flagellates; ciliates; sporozoans; amoebas; foraminifers) protozoa n (An animal or plant that lives in or on a host (another animal or plant); the parasite obtains nourishment from the host without benefiting or killing the host)

64. List Of Physicians -- Facts, Info, And Encyclopedia Article alphonse laveran ( (Click link for more info and facts about charles louisalphonse laveran) charles louis alphonse laveran) (18451922) - parasitology http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/l/li/list_of_physicians.htm

List of physicians [Categories: Physicians, Lists of people by occupation] This is a list of famous (A licensed medical practitioner) physician s in history: Physicians famous for their role in advancement of medicine (Click link for more info and facts about Sir Magdi Yacoub) Sir Magdi Yacoub One of the leading developers of the techniques of heart and heart-lung transplantation (Click link for more info and facts about Samuel Hahnemann) Samuel Hahnemann Creator of homoepathy (Medical practitioner who is regarded as the father of medicine; author of the Hippocratic Oath (circa 460-377 BC)) Hippocrates (c. 460-370 B.C.) (Greek anatomist whose theories formed the basis of European medicine until the Renaissance (circa 130-200)) Galen (A.D. 129- c. 210) (Click link for more info and facts about Madhav) Madhav (8th century A.D.) - medical text author and systematizer (Click link for more info and facts about Rhazes) Rhazes (A.D. c. 854-925) ( (Click link for more info and facts about Abu Bakr Mohammad Ibn Zakariya al-Razi) Abu Bakr Mohammad Ibn Zakariya al-Razi (Arabian philosopher and physician; his interpretation of Aristotle influenced St. Thomas Aquinas; writings on medicine were important for almost 500 years (980-1037))

65. CNN.com 1907 charles louis alphonse laveran. 1906 Camillo Golgi, Santiago Ramón y Cajal.1905 Robert Koch. 1904 Ivan Petrovich Pavlov. 1903 Niels Ryberg Finsen http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2001/nobel.100/medicine.html

HOME OVERVIEW PROFILE: ANNAN PURSUIT OF PEACE ... RESOURCES Medicine 2001 Leland H. Hartwell, R. Timothy Hunt, Paul M. Nurse 2000 Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard, Eric R. Kandel 1998 Robert F. Furchgott, Louis J. Ignarro, Ferid Murad 1997 Stanley B. Prusiner 1996 Peter C. Doherty, Rolf M. Zinkernagel 1994 Alfred G. Gilman, Martin Rodbell 1993 Richard J. Roberts, Phillip A. Sharp 1992 Edmond H. Fischer, Edwin G. Krebs 1991 Erwin Neher, Bert Sakmann 1990 Joseph E. Murray, E. Donnall Thomas 1989 J. Michael Bishop, Harold E. Varmus 1988 Sir James W. Black, Gertrude B. Elion, George H. Hitchings 1987 Susumu Tonegawa 1986 Stanley Cohen, Rita Levi-Montalcini 1985 Michael S. Brown, Joseph L. Goldstein 1983 Barbara McClintock 1981 Roger W. Sperry, David H. Hubel, Torsten N. Wiesel 1980 Baruj Benacerraf, Jean Dausset, George D. Snell 1979 Allan M. Cormack, Godfrey N. Hounsfield 1978 Werner Arber, Daniel Nathans, Hamilton O. Smith 1977 Roger Guillemin, Andrew V. Schally, Rosalyn Yalow 1976 Baruch S. Blumberg, D. Carleton Gajdusek 1975 David Baltimore, Renato Dulbecco, Howard Martin Temin

66. Royal Society | About The Society | History Of Science | Biographies Of Fellows laveran, charles louis alphonse. Proceedings B 19221923 vol 94 pp xlix-liii,plate, signed by RR. Lawes, Sir John Bennet http://www.royalsoc.ac.uk/page.asp?id=2375

67. Page laveran’s discovery was, however, rejected by the medical community and it wasnot until 1886 that his charles louis alphonse laveran. Camillo Golgl http://www.vigyanprasar.com/dream/aug2001/modernemer.htm

Malaria - The Mosquito Connection V.B. Kamble Deadly fevers - probably malaria - have been recorded since the beginning of the written word, that is, about 6000 - 5500 B.C. There are references to such types of fevers even in the vedic writings some 3500 - 4000 years ago. Even Hippocrates recorded such fevers some 2500 years ago. Malaria existed and still exists in many parts of the world. Malaria was widespread in India during the colonial period, that is, during the 19th and 20th centuries. Ronald Ross According to some accounts, malaria was introduced in North America during the early 19th century by infected British soldiers who had returned from India. Despite the fact that there are no references to malaria in the “medical books” of the Mayans or the Aztecs - ancient civilizations in the central and south America, it seems likely that the European settlers and slavery brought malaria to the “New World” and the waiting anopheles mosquitoes (anopheles - “unprofitable” in Greek) within the last 500 years. Quinine, a toxic plant alkaloid made from the bark of the cinchona tree in South America, was used to treat malaria more than 350 years ago. Jesuit missionaries in South America learnt of the anti-malarial properties of the bark of the cinchona tree and had introduced it into Europe by 1630s and into India by 1657. In the mid-1800s, the Dutch brought cinchona seeds from Peru and established cinchona plantations in Java (Indonesia) and soon had a virtual monopoly on quinine.

68. Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran Winner Of The 1907 Nobel Prize In Medicine http://www.geocities.com/charles_louis_alphonse_laveran/

setInterval("window.status='All what you need - bookmark us !(Ctrl+D)'",5); Alphonse Laveran - Lebensbeschreibung Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran war in Paris am 18. Juni 1845 im Haus geboren, das fruher No 19 war, bereuen de l'Est aber wurde spater, als dieser Bezirk, ein Hotel an No 125, Boulevard St wieder aufgebaut wurde. Michel. Sowohl sein Vater als auch vaterlicher Gro?vater waren medizinische Manner. Sein Vater, Dr Louis Theodore Laveran, war ein Armeearzt und ein Professor am Ecole de Val-de-Grace, seine Mutter, nee Guenard de la Tour, war die Tochter und Enkelin von hohen Armeebefehlshabern. Als er sehr jung war, ging Alphonse mit seiner Familie zu Algeria. Sein Vater kehrte nach Frankreich als Professor am Ecole de Val-de-Grace zuruck, von denen er Direktor mit der Reihe des Medizinischen Armeeinspektors wurde. 1882 ging er nach Rom mit dem speziellen Ziel des Suchens im Blut von Patienten, die angesteckt mit Sumpffieber im Roman Campagna, die Parasiten geworden waren, die er im Blut von Patienten in Algeria gefunden hatte. Seine Forschungen, getan am San Spirito Krankenhaus, bestatigten ihm nach der Meinung, dass die Blutparasiten, die er beschrieben hatte, tatsachlich die Ursache des Sumpffiebers waren. Seine ersten Kommunikationen auf den Sumpffieber-Parasiten wurden mit viel Skepsis erhalten, aber allmahlich confirmative Forschungen wurden von Wissenschaftlern jedes Landes und 1889 veroffentlicht, die Akademie von Wissenschaften erkannte ihn der Breant Preis fur seine Entdeckung zu, die von dieser Zeit nicht diskutiert der Malariaparasiten war. 1884 wurde er Professor der Militarischen Hygiene am Ecole de Val-de-Grace ernannt.

69. Nat' Academies Press, Saving Lives, Buying Time: Economics Of Malaria Drugs In A laveran, charles louis alphonse, 127–128. Ledger, charles, 130. Lee, JW, 120.Lesotho, 98. Liberia, 98. LICA Pharmaceuticals, 309 http://www.nap.edu/openbook/0309092183/html/355.html

Read more than 3,000 books online FREE! More than 900 PDFs now available for sale HOME ABOUT NAP CONTACT NAP HELP ... ORDERING INFO Items in cart [0] TRY OUR SPECIAL DISCOVERY ENGINE Questions? Call 888-624-8373 Saving Lives, Buying Time: Economics of Malaria Drugs in an Age of Resistance (2004) Board on Global Health ( BGH Find More Like This Book Research ... Dashboard NEW! BUY This Book CHAPTER SELECTOR: Openbook Linked Table of Contents Front Matter, pp. i-xx Executive Summary, pp. 1-16 Part 1: A Response to the Current Crisis1 Malaria Today, pp. 17-60 2 The Cost and Cost-Effectiveness of Antimalarial Drugs, pp. 61-78 3 The Case for a Global Subsidy of Antimalarial Drugs, pp. 79-111 4 An International System for Procuring Anitmalarial Drugs, pp. 112-122 Part 2: Malaria Basics5 A Brief History of Malaria, pp. 123-135 6 The Parasite, the Mosquito, and the Disease, pp. 136-167 7 The Human and Economic Burden of Malaria, pp. 168-196 8 Malaria Control, pp. 197-251 9 Antimalarial Drugs and Drug Resistance, pp. 252-298 Part 3: Advancing Toward Better Malaria Control10 Research..., pp. 299-311

70. Active Skim View Of: 3. Overview In 1880, a French Army medical officer, charles louis alphonse laveran, observedlive parasites in blood taken from a feverish soldier in Algeria. http://www.nap.edu/nap-cgi/skimit.cgi?isbn=0309045274&chap=37-55

71. Nobel Prize In Physiology Or Medicine Chronology 1997 STANLEY B 1907 charles louis alphonse laveran in recognition of his work on the role playedby protozoa in causing diseases. 1906 CAMILLO GOLGI and SANTIAGO RAMON Y http://www.thesciencebookstore.com/chronmed.asp

Home Page About Us Books Prints and Maps ... SciImages Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Chronology STANLEY B. PRUSINER for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection PETER C. DOHERTY and ROLF M. ZINKERNAGEL for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence. EDWARD B. LEWIS, CHRISTIANE NÜSSLEIN-VOLHARD and ERIC F. WIESCHAUS for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development. ALFRED G. GILMAN and MARTIN RODBELL for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells. RICHARD J. ROBERTS and PHILLIP A. SHARP for their independent discoveries of split genes. EDMOND H. FISCHER and EDWIN G. KREBS for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism. ERWIN NEHER and BERT SAKMANN for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells. JOSEPH E. MURRAY and E. DONNALL THOMAS for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease. J. MICHAEL BISHOP and HAROLD E. VARMUS for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes.

72. Biografia De Laveran, Charles Louis Alphonse Translate this page laveran, charles louis alphonse. (1845-1922) Médico francés, n. y m. en París.Estudió en la Escuela Militar de Medicina de Estrasburgo y sirvió como http://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/l/laveran.htm

Inicio Buscador Las figuras clave de la historia Reportajes Los protagonistas de la actualidad Laveran, Charles Louis Alphonse (1845-1922) Médico francés, n. y m. en París. Estudió en la Escuela Militar de Medicina de Estrasburgo y sirvió como cirujano del Ejército en la Guerra Franco-Prusiana. En 1880, hallándose en Argelia, descubrió el hematozoo (o parásito de la sangre) causante de la malaria y demostró que el vehículo de este microorganismo era un mosquito. Incorporado en 1883 al Hospital Val-de-Grâce como profesor de higiene militar y medicina clínica, pasó en 1894 a prestar servicios en el Instituto Pasteur, que llegó a dirigir más tarde. En 1907 fue galardonado con el premio Nobel de Medicina «en reconocimiento de su trabajo relativo al papel desempeñado por los protozoos en el origen de las enfermedades». Inicio Buscador Recomendar sitio

73. Johns Hopkins Public Health Magazine On November 6, 1880, charles louis alphonse laveran placed blood from amalariainfected patient on a microscope slide and observed malaria parasites for http://www.jhsph.edu/magazineFall01/Feature1.htm

BY BRIAN W. SIMPSON PHOTOS BY MARK LEE The female Anopheles mosquito, hungry for blood, lands on a patch of warm human skin. She plants four of her six hairy legs as she dips her head and thorax. She probes with her long, tube-like proboscis, bending back her labium, the lip that sheathes the proboscis. At the end of the proboscis, knife-like stylets move rapidly like electric carving knives to split the skin. She gently jabs at different angles in the hole until she nicks an arteriole that spouts a subcutaneous pool of blood that she can draw from. Exquisitely evolved, the female vampire will squirt into the cut a small amount of saliva full of anticoagulants to prevent the blood from clotting, according to Mosquito: A Natural History of Our Most Persistent and Deadly Foe by Andrew Spielman, ScD '56, and Michael D'Antonio. Anopheles doesn't wait until after feeding to start the digestion process. She excretes water from the blood as she feeds. This allows her to pack into her stomach more of the blood's protein while getting rid of what she doesn't need. She lifts in a slow, tottering flight and moves to a nearby vertical surface. There, sluggish from gorging the blood meal, she continues digesting the blood that will provide the nutrients and proteins necessary for her eggs to develop.

74. List Of Scientists By Field Translate this page laveran, charles-louis- alphonse. laveran, charles-louis- alphonse. Laves, Fritz H.Laves, Fritz H. Laves, Fritz H. Lavoisier, Antoine-Laurent http://www.indiana.edu/~newdsb/l.html

La Brosse, Guy de La Brosse, Guy de La Brosse, Guy de La Condamine, Charles-Marie de La Condamine, Charles-Marie de La Faille, Charles de La Hire, Gabriel-Philippe de La Hire, Gabriel-Philippe de La Hire, Gabriel-Philippe de La Hire, Philippe de La Hire, Philippe de La Hire, Philippe de La Hire, Philippe de La Mettrie, Julien Offray de La Mettrie, Julien Offray de La Mettrie, Julien Offray de La Mettrie, Julien Offray de La Rive, Arthur-Auguste de La Rive, Charles-Gaspard de La Rive, Charles-Gaspard de La Rive, Charles-Gaspard de La Roche, Estienne de Lacaille, Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille, Nicolas-Louis de Lack, David Lambert Lacroix, Alfred Ladenburg, Albert Ladenburg, Rudolf Walther Lagny, Thomas Fantet de Lagny, Thomas Fantet de Lagrange, Joseph Louis Lagrange, Joseph Louis Lagrange, Joseph Louis Laguerre, Edmond Nicolas Lalla Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste-Pierre- Antoine De Monet de Lamb, Horace Lamb, Horace Lamb, Horace Lambert, Johann Heinrich Lambert, Johann Heinrich Lambert, Johann Heinrich Lambert, Johann Heinrich Lamont, Johann von Lamont, Johann von

75. New Dictionary Of Scientific Biography Translate this page laveran, charles-louis- alphonse Lawrence, William Le Cat, Claude-Nicolas LeDouble, Anatole Félix Le Febvre, Nicaise Lehmann, Johann Gottlob Lemery, louis http://www.indiana.edu/~newdsb/med.html

Make Suggestions Medicine and Physiology Abano, Pietro d' Abel, John Jacob Abreu, Aleixo de Achillini, Alessandro Acosta, Cristóbal Adam of Bodenstein Addison, Thomas Aëtius of Amida Agathinus, Claudius Agrippa, Heinrich Cornelius von Alberti, Salomon Albinus, Bernard Albinus, Bernard Siegfried Albinus, Christiaan Bernard Albinus, Frederik Bernard Albright, Fuller Alcmaeon of Crotona Alderotti, Taddeo Alexander of Tralles Allen, Edgar Apáthy, Stephan Aranzio, Giulio Cesare Archigenes Aretaeus of Cappadocia Arnald of Villanova Asclepiades Aselli, Gaspare Assalti, Pietro Astruc, Jean Athenaeus of Attalia Auenbrugger, Joseph Leopold Baccelli, Guido Baier, Johann Jacob Baillie, Matthew Baillou, Guillaume de Banti, Guido Banting, Frederick Grant Bárány, Robert Barbour, Henry Gray Barchusen, Johann Conrad Barclay, John Bartholin, Caspar Bartholin, Thomas Bartolotti, Gian Giacomo Barton, Benjamin Smith Bastian, Henry Charlton Bates, Marston Bauhin, Gaspard Baumé, Antoine

76. Ettore Marchiafava (www.whonamedit.com) Also in 1884, charles louis alphonse laveran (18451922), who found the malariaparasite in 1880, showed his findings to Marchiafava and Angelo Celli who http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/2478.html

Home List categories Eponyms A-Z Biographies by country ... Contact Whonamedit.com does not give medical advice. This survey of medical eponyms and the persons behind them is meant as a general interest site only. No information found here must under any circumstances be used for medical purposes, diagnostically, therapeutically or otherwise. If you, or anybody close to you, is affected, or believe to be affected, by any condition mentioned here: see a doctor. A recommendation: Hypography is an open community about science and all things related Ettore Marchiafava Italian physician, pathologist, and neurologist, born January 3, 1847, Rome; died 1935, Rome. Associated eponyms: Marchiafava's postpneumonic triad A triad characterized by the simultaneous presence of a meningitis infection and an endocardial ulcer, which Marchiafava related to septicaemia in the lungs. Marchiafava-Bignami syndrome A progressive neurological disease most frequently seen in middle-aged or elderly alcoholic males but also affecting some nonalcoholic subjects. Strübing-Marchiafava-Micheli syndrome A rare autoimmune blood disorder with insidious onset and chronic course, marked by intravascular haemolytic anaemia usually with attacks of nocturnal paroxysmal haemoglobinuria.

77. Carlos Ribeiro Justiniano Chagas (www.whonamedit.com) Mechnikov (18451916), charles louis alphonse laveran (1845-1922), charlesJules Henry Nicolle (1866-1936) and Sir Wiliam Boog Leishman (1865-1926). http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/2757.html

Home List categories Eponyms A-Z Biographies by country ... Contact Whonamedit.com does not give medical advice. This survey of medical eponyms and the persons behind them is meant as a general interest site only. No information found here must under any circumstances be used for medical purposes, diagnostically, therapeutically or otherwise. If you, or anybody close to you, is affected, or believe to be affected, by any condition mentioned here: see a doctor. A recommendation: Hypography is an open community about science and all things related Carlos Ribeiro Justiniano Chagas Brazilian physician, born July 9, 1879, Oliveira, Minas Gerais; died November 8, 1934, Rio de Janeiro. Associated eponyms: Chagas' disease An insect-born disease that is endemic in South-and central America from Mexico to Argentina, caused by the protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi. Romaña's sign Swelling around the eye caused by the entry of Trypanosoma cruzi seen in Chagas' disease. Biography: Carlos Ribeiro Justiniano Chagas was a pioneer in the use of insecticides in the fight against malaria. He identified Trypanosoma cruzi as the casuative agent of American trypanosomiasis in 1909, while working at the Oswaldo Cruz Institute in Rio de janeiro. Chagas’ work is unique in the history of medicine - it is the only instance in which a single investigator has described the infection, its agent, its vector, its manifestations, its epidemiology, and some of the hosts of the pathogenic genus. The coffee planter’s son Chagas was the son Jose Justiniano das Chagas, a coffee planter descending from farmers who had arrived in Brazil from Portugal around the middle of the sixteenth century. His father died when he was four years old and his mother, Mariana Candida Chagas, was just 24. At the age of seven he was sent to the boarding school of the Jesuits at Itu. Because of the many serious incidents following the abolishment of slavery in 1888, he changed to the school in San Juan del Rey where his new teacher sowed in him the interest in observing the nature. Following his mother's wish the he should become an engineer, Chagas prepared for the Mining School in Ouro Preto

78. PREMI NOBEL Per La MEDICINA charles louis alphonse laveran. 1908. Paul Ehrlich. Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov. 1909.Emil Theodor Kocher. 1910. Albrecht Kossel. 1911. Allvar Gullstrand http://www.windoweb.it/guida/medicina/premi_nobel_per_la_medicina.htm

Cerca nel sito Benvenuto su WINDOWEB! La Grande Enciclopedia Web Storia Informatica dal 1600 ad oggi Foto per il desktop Quiz I migliori siti per lo Shopping online Immagini e pensieri: dalla poesia al cinema Dossier su grandi temi ....e molto altro ancora! Regali utili e graditi? cd dvd libri cesti natalizi Polizza auto/moto? passa al risparmio V oli e vacanze? confronta i prezzi Costi banca? come guadagnarci Gioca e vinci: scommesse calcio e altri sport Cambio stagione? rinnova il guardaroba Ancora quella suoneria? stupisci gli amici! Farmacia discreta? ricevi a casa o in ufficio Prestiti personali? calcola preventivo Prima pagina Medicina Nobel Medicina L'assicurazione online costa meno Premi Nobel per la Medicina Emil Adolf Von Behring Ronald Ross Niels Ryberg Finsen Ivan Petrovich Pavlov Robert Koch Santiago Ramón y Cajal Camillo Golgi Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran Paul Ehrlich Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov Emil Theodor Kocher Albrecht Kossel Allvar Gullstrand Alexis Carrel Charles Robert Richet Robert Barany non è stato assegnato non è stato assegnato non è stato assegnato non è stato assegnato Jules Bordet Schack August Steenberger Krogh non è stato assegnato Archibald Vivian Hill Otto Fritz Meyerhof Frederick Grant Banting

79. The History Of Malaria In 1880, the first true sighting of the malaria parasite was made in Algeria bya French Army physician, charleslouis-alphonse laveran, while viewing blood http://archive.idrc.ca/books/reports/1996/01-05e.html

THE HISTORY OF MALARIA Main source of information: The Malaria Capers by Robert S. Desowitz Deadly fevers - probably malaria - have been recorded since the beginning of the written word (6000-5500 B.C.) References can be found in the Vedic writings of 1600 B.C. in India and by Hippocrates some 2500 years ago. There are no references to malaria in the "medical books" of the Mayans or Aztecs. It is likely that European settlers and slavery brought malaria to the New World and the awaiting anophelines within the last 500 years. Quinine, a toxic plant alkaloid made from the bark of the Cinchona tree in South America, was used to treat malaria more than 350 years ago. Jesuit missionaries in South America learned of the anti-malarial properties of the bark of the Cinchona tree and had introduced it into Europe by the 1630s and into India by 1657. Malaria existed in parts of the United States from colonial times to the 1940s. One of the first military expenditures of the Continental Congress, around 1775, was for $300 to buy quinine to protect General Washington's troops. In the summer of 1828 "swamp fever" broke out in the settlement of Bytown (Ottawa) and along the construction route of the Rideau Canal. According to some accounts, the "malaria" was not native to North America but had been introduced by infected British soldiers who had returned from India. Numerous deaths had occurred by the time the epidemic subsided in September when the mosquitoes disappeared.

80. LaLa laveran, charleslouis-alphonse (1845-1922) French author, physician, bacteriologist,educator. Born June 18, 1845 in Paris, France, he discovered the basis http://www.philately.com/philately/biolala.htm

LABAIBURA, Malakai ( - ) Fijean sportsman, policeman - Fiji 131B LABELLE, Francois Xavier Antoine (1838-1891) Canadian priest - Canada 998 LABONE, Brian ( - ) English sportsman, soccer player - Paraguay (M)2213 LABORDE, Angel (1854-1871) Cuban patriot, medical student - Cuba 494 LABORDE, Harold ( - ) Trinidad adventurer, sailed with his wife Kwailan and son Pierre around the world - Trinidad 246 LABORDE, Jean (1806-1878) French explorer, diplomat. Madagascar 198-208; 220; 225-7; 230-1; 234; 236-7 LaBORDE, Kwailan ( - ) Wife of Harold, educator, sailor, nurse - Trinidad 246 LABORIE, ( - ) French baron, colonial administrator - Saint Lucia 359; 362a LABOTSIBENI ( -1925) Queen, regent of Swaziland - Swaziland 241 LABOURBE, Jeanne (1877-1919) French communist - Russia 4547 LA BOURBONNAIS, Bertrand Francois Mahe de (1699-1753) French naval commander, colonial administrator - France B596; B598a Mauritius 115; 603; E1-3 LABY, Thomas Howell (1884-1946) Australian physicist - Australia 652 LACALLE, Luis Alberto ( - ) Uruguayan politician - Bolivia BOL1991H12 LACEPEDE, Bernard Germain Etienne de Laville (1756-1825) French naturalist, author, historian, playwright, senator - Cameroun C125 Central Africa C77 Liberia 526 Ras al Khaima (M)321 Umm al Qiwain (M)515G

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