41. Karle, Jerome karle, jerome (1918). I was born in New York City in 1918 into a family thathad a number of artistic people among its members. My father s brother and a http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/biographies/mainbiographies/k/karle/karle.ht

Karle, Jerome I was born in New York City in 1918 into a family that had a number of artistic people among its members. My father's brother and a sister's husband were probably the best known. The latter, Ivan Olinsky, taught for many years at the Art Students' League in New York City. I have been told that my paternal grandfather professionally made artistic decorations in peoples' homes. The initial applications of the procedure for structure determination for centrosymmetric crystals involving probability measures and formulas derived from the joint probability distribution were performed in the middle 1950's in collaboration with colleagues at the U.S. Geological Survey. Then, in the second half of the 1950's, through the efforts of Isabella Karle, an experimental X-ray diffraction facility was established in our own laboratory. During the 1960's, there was an intensive program in my laboratory to develop a procedure for crystal structure determination of broad applicability that would encompass noncentrosymmetric as well as centrosymmetric crystals. Largely through the efforts of Isabella Karle, such a procedure was developed and called the symbolic addition procedure. I participated with Wayne Hendrickson of my laboratory in some refinements of macromolecular structure with the use of the tangent formula and also had some early participation with John Konnert and Wayne Hendrickson in the constrained refinement technique for macromolecules. In collaboration with John Konnert and Peter D'Antonio, procedures were developed for determining atomic arrangements in amorphous materials based on criteria similar to those applied to molecular vapors.

42. AllRefer.com - Jerome Karle (Physics, Biography) - Encyclopedia AllRefer.com reference and encyclopedia resource provides complete informationon jerome karle, Physics, Biographies. Includes related research links. http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/K/Karle-Je.html

AllRefer Channels :: Health Yellow Pages Reference Weather September 15, 2005 Medicine People Places History ... Maps Web AllRefer.com You are here : AllRefer.com Reference Encyclopedia Physics, Biographies ... Jerome Karle By Alphabet : Encyclopedia A-Z K Jerome Karle, Physics, Biographies Related Category: Physics, Biographies Jerome Karle [kArl] Pronunciation Key Manhattan Project before beginning a career at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. There, with Herbert Hauptman , he concentrated his studies on crystalline matter. They were awarded the 1985 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the development of a mathematical model known as the "direct method." Devised in the 1950s and 60s, the innovation greatly improved methods for analyzing three-dimensional molecular structures. Topics that might be of interest to you: Herbert Aaron Hauptman Manhattan Project Related Categories: People Science and Technology Science and Technology Physics ... Biographies More articles from AllRefer Reference on Jerome Karle SITE MAPS Encyclopedia US Gazetteer: US States A-C US States D-H US States I-L US States M ... Countries A-Z Content on this web site is provided for informational purposes only. We accept no responsibility for any loss, injury or inconvenience sustained by any person resulting from information published on this site. We encourage you to verify any critical information with the relevant authorities.

43. Jerome Karle Cyber encyclopedia of Jewish history and culture that covers everything fromantiSemitism to Zionism. It includes a glossary, bibliography of web sites and http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/karle.html

Jerome Karle In 1940, Karle returned to school to the Chemistry Department at the University of Michigan. In 1944, he received his Ph.D. in physical chemistry. Jerome Karle married Isabella Karle in 1942, a physical science student at the University. They worked together on much of their research investigations and scientific efforts. After completing his doctorate, Karle went to work on the Manhattan Project at the University of Chicago. Later that year, Karle returned to the University of Michigan to work in the Naval Research Laboratory. In 1946, Karle moved permanently to Washington, D.C. to work at the Naval Research Laboratory where, in 1967, he became its head scientist for study on the structure of matter. At this time, Herbert Hauptman joined Karle at the laboratory where they resolved the propositions of crystal structures, which ultimately improved the direct methods of X-ray crystallography and structural analysis. Along with Herbert Hauptman, Karle received the

44. Herbert Hauptman At the laboratory Hauptman paired up with jerome karle. Simultaneously, Hauptmanbegan studying at the University of Maryland, College Park for his Ph.D. http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/hauptman1.html

Herbert Hauptman Herbert A. Hauptman was born on February 14, 1917, in New York City. He graduated from the City College of New York in 1937 with a B.S. in mathematics, and received his M.A. degree in mathematics in 1939 from Columbia University. After World War II , Hauptman moved to Washington, D.C. to work in the Naval Research Laboratory. At the laboratory Hauptman paired up with Jerome Karle In 1970, Hauptman moved to join the crystallography team at the Medical Foundation of Buffalo. He became a professor of biophysics at the State University of New York at Buffalo. In 1972, he was elected Research Director of the institution. It was during this period, that Hauptman devised the neighborhood principle and extension concept. Hauptman received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1985 along with Jerome Karle for their work with X-ray crystallography. The following press release from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences describes Hauptman and Karle's work: This year's Nobel Prizewinners in Chemistry, Herbert A. Hauptman and Jerome Karle, have developed what are termed "direct methods" for the determination of crystal structure. This development of a method merits a Nobel Prize since the method now plays an increasingly important role in chemical research. It is therefore of importance to consider the method first.

45. The Lemelson Center For The Study Of Invention Innovation OV 771.17, karle, jerome ( Chemistry 1985) and Isabella karle, 6/26/00. OV 771.18,Kohn, Walter (Chemistry 1998), 8/2/00 http://invention.smithsonian.org/resources/fa_nobel_index.aspx

Shortcuts for special audiences . . . . Students Teachers Inventors Historians Museum Visitors SEARCH: WM_preloadImages( '../images/interface/side_nav_over-01.gif', '../images/interface/side_nav_over-02.gif', '../images/interface/side_nav_over-03.gif', '../images/interface/side_nav_over-04.gif', '../images/interface/side_nav_over-05.gif', '../images/interface/side_nav_over-06.gif', '../images/interface/side_nav_over-07.gif' ); Did you know that the Museum has archives about the invention of the telegraph? Back to "Archives" menu Nobel Voices Video History Project, 3 cubic feet: 16 DB; 4 ShB By Alison L. Oswald, August 2001 Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution Table of Contents History Scope and Content Note Provenance Container List History The National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution and the Deutsches Museum collaborated in June 2000 to conduct video interviews with thirty-three Nobel Laureates. Interviews were conducted in Lindau, Germany, Washington, D.C., and elsewhere in the United States. The video documentation subsequently formed the core of the Nobel Voices Video History Project and the exhibition Nobel Voices: Celebrating 100 Years of the Nobel Prize . The interviewees were asked about their motivations, visions for the future, and opinions on the nature of creativity and innovation. In the interviews, the laureates speak about their passion for their work, their childhood inspirations, the spirit of discovery, and the personal meaning of the Nobel Prize.

46. MSN Encarta - Karle, Jerome Translate this page karle, jerome (1918- ), biophysicien américain, spécialiste de cristallographie . Autres fonctionnalités Encarta. Rechercher karle, jerome http://fr.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761583226/Karle_Jerome.html

Accueil MSN Mon MSN Hotmail Rechercher ... Tout savoir sur la gamme Encarta Rechercher sur Encarta Article accessible sur abonnement MSN Encarta Premium : Acc©dez   30 000 articles encyclop©diques avec plus de 12 000 illustrations, un atlas mondial interactif, un guide du Web et une palette compl¨te de ressources et d'outils ©ducatifs. 34,99 € par an (service d’acc¨s   Internet non compris). En savoir plus. Cet article n'est accessible que si vous ªtes abonn©   MSN Encarta Premium. Dans ce cas, connectez-vous en cliquant sur le lien Aller sur MSN Encarta Premium (ci-dessus). Karle, Jerome Karle, Jerome (1918- ), biophysicien am©ricain, sp©cialiste de cristallographie. M©dias Encarta vous int©resse ? Abonnez-vous d¨s maintenant et b©n©ficiez de : Plus de 30 000 articles 2 000 analyses d'oeuvre Plus de 12 000 m©dias (dont des extraits sonores, des vid©os et des m©dias interactifs) Un atlas mondial interactif Une palette compl¨te de ressources et d'outils ©ducatifs Un guide du Web Plus de r©sultats pour Karle, Jerome

47. JCE Online: Biographical Snapshots: Snapshot Isabella Lugoski and jerome karle were married in 1942. They have three daughters.Keywords Crystallography, Symbolic Addition Procedure, Garvan Medal, http://jchemed.chem.wisc.edu/JCEWWW/Features/eChemists/Bios/Karle.html

Subscriptions Software Orders Support Contributors ... Biographical Snapshots Biographical Snapshots of Famous Women and Minority Chemists: Snapshot This short biographical "snapshot" provides basic information about the person's chemical work, gender, ethnicity, and cultural background. A list of references is given along with additional WWW sites to further your exploration into the life and work of this chemist. Isabella Lugoski Karle Born: Major discipline: Chemistry Died: Minor discipline: Physical One of Dr. Isabella Lugoski Karle's most notable achievements is the development of her "Symbolic Addition Procedure", which has become the method of choice for structure determination from X-ray diffraction data on crystalline materials. In recognition of this work she was awarded the National Medal of Science by President Clinton in 1995. Isabella Karle was awarded the Garvan Medal in 1976 from the American Chemical Society. That same year she was president of the American Crystallographic Association. In 1985 she was awarded the Chemical Pioneer Award by the American Institute of Chemists. She has more than 200 publications and been awarded four honorary doctorate degrees, three in science and one in humane letters. In addition Isabella Karle serves on the editorial boards of professional journals and various science advisory boards. Isabella Lugoski and Jerome Karle were married in 1942. They have three daughters.

48. Structure Determination Of Crystalline Substances By Diffraction Methods: Philos Reviewed by jerome karle. Laboratory for the Structure of Matter, PubMed;karle, jerome. Structure determination of gaseous and amorphous substances http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=392819

49. Triplet Phase Invariants: Formula For Acentric Case From Fourth-order Determinan karle, jerome. Joint probability distribution of the invariants comprising Free Full text in PMC; karle, jerome. Triplet phase invariants Formula for http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=348195

50. NOBEL Laureates’ And Eminent Persons’ Lectures At AIT jerome karle is a Nobel Laureate for Chemistry, the former Chairman of theChemistry Section jerome karle is a Fellow of the American Physical Society, http://www.ait.ac.th/NobelLectures/02_karle.asp

"The Role of Science and Technology in the Quest for a World at Peace" Prof. Jerome Karle is a Nobel Laureate for Chemistry, the former Chairman of the Chemistry Section of the United States National Academy of Sciences and a former Professional Lecturer at the University College of the University of Maryland. Born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1918 he attended New York City schools and graduated from the City College of New York in 1937, the first recipient of the Caduceus Award for Excellence in Natural Sciences. He obtained an M.A. degree in Biology in 1938 at Harvard University and attended the University of Michigan, receiving M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Physical Chemistry in 1942 and 1944, respectively. Prof. Karle's research

51. Event Details - The International Peace Foundation Nobel Laureate Prof. jerome karle at Chulalongkorn University jerome I.Friedman with Nobel Laureate Baruch S. Blumberg and Uwe Morawetz, among others, http://peace-foundation.net.7host.com/gallery_album.asp?aid=salb_1553882711&iid=

52. Jerome Karle, Crystallographer Since 1946 jerome karle s career has been with the Naval Research Laboratory inWashington, DC, after a brief stint in Chicago with the early 1940 s http://todayinsci.com/K/Karle_Jerome/Karle_Jerome.htm

Jerome Karle Jerome Karle accepting the Nobel Prize (credit) Born: 18 June1918, New York City, NY Education: City College on New York; Harvard University and Michigan University Since 1946 Jerome Karle's career has been with the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C., after a brief stint in Chicago with the early 1940's Manhattan Project to develop the atomic bomb. By 1968 he was the NRL's chief scientist for the Laboratory for the Structure of Matter. To further his work to study the fine structure of crystalline materials he wanted to improve on the time-consuming "heavy atom" method whereby first, an atom of high atomic mass was substituted in the crystal lattice of the sample to be examined. The differences in the diffraction patterns of the original and modified samples are then compared to deduce the structure of the crystal. His search for an easier way to make these measurements led to developing the "direct method" of X-ray diffraction with Herbert A. Hauptman. Using this new diffraction technique, information could be interpreted in a simple manner directly from the image pattern produced. (credit) X-rays are used because they have very small wavelength, less than the separation of the atoms in a crystal.The crystal contains a unit of atoms, which is repeated throughout the whole crystal in all directions. When a beam of X-rays is aimed at crystal, it deflects the x-rays in certain definite directions so that the radiation can be seen as spots of different intensity such as in a photographic film. To determine the structure the "phase" of each ray that is deflected must also be known. This determination can be carried out by using the "direct method".

53. Inventor Of The Week: Archive jerome karle was using complex mathmatics to develop direct methods for (jerome karle continues as Chief Scientist of its Structure of Matter Lab. http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/karle.html

This Week Inventor Archive Inventor Search Inventor of the Week Archive Browse for a different Invention or Inventor X-ray Crystallography Isabella Karle is a true pioneer of physical chemistry, who invented new methods, using first electron and then x-ray diffraction, to study the structure of molecules. Karle was quite a precocious child, whose love of science had, before her 23rd birthday, translated into a BS (1941), MS (1942) and PHD (1944) in physical chemistry from the University of Michigan. While at Michigan, she married her fellow chemistry grad student Jerome Karle. The couple worked briefly on the Manhattan Project at the University of Chicago (1943), before returning to Ann Arbor, where Isabella became the first female member of the chemistry faculty. In 1946, they transferred together to the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) in Washington, DC. Jerome Karle was using complex mathmatics to develop "direct methods" for analyzing the structure of crystals - work that would later win him the Nobel Prize in chemistry (1985). Isabella Karle began working in chemical analysis by electron diffraction, and invented a superior apparatus to perform the process. However, she also taught herself x-ray crystallography from textbooks, so that she could invent practical applications for her husband's theories, which were being received with some skepticism. In 1963, she published her "Symbolic Addition Procedure," which used x-ray analysis to determine essentially equal-atom crystal and molecular structures.

54. June 1994 Michigan Today--Joy In An Unfolding Field (jerome karle went on to share the 1985 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.) An AlphabeticRomance His last name started with K, mine with L, and we were assigned http://www.umich.edu/~newsinfo/MT/94/Jun94/mt2j94.html

June 1994 Chemist Isabella Karle receives nation's richest science prize Joy in an Unfolding Field By Luise Z. Moskowitz She looks like many other mothers and wives: abundant white hair arranged in a neat pageboy, a smart navy blue suit covering a comfortable frame, a silk scarf and Aztec-inspired pin adding some color and flair to an understated ensemble. But then this mother and wife, Isabella Lugoski Karle '41, '44 PhD, steps up to a podium in Philadelphia's venerable Franklin Institute Science Museum and shows the expectant audience another side of herself. For this mother and wife also happens to be a groundbreaker in x-ray crystallography, a researcher whose work has contributed critical information to the disciplines of molecular biology, chemistry, physics, metallurgy, geology, genetics and pharmacology, and one of the 1,000 most cited authorities worldwide in all scientific fields. She addresses the audience of scientists, teachers and students as the most recent recipient of the Bower Award and Prize for Achievement in Science , an honor bestowed annually by the Franklin Institute on an outstanding contributor to the advancement of science. The award, the riches American prize given in science today, has added a quarter of a million dollars to Isabella Karle's bank balance and a prestigious medal to her already impressive list of official accolades. In a breathy voice colored with a tinge of an Eastern European accent, Karle takes her listeners on a tour of her career with humor and self-effacing charm. She is the senior scientist for structural chemistry at the

55. Untitled Document The 2001 Bartell lecturer was Dr. jerome karle. He was awarded the 1985 NobelPrize in Chemistry for his outstanding achievements in the development of http://www.umich.edu/~axeab/professional/bartell.html

Previous Bartell Lectures The 2001 Bartell lecturer was Dr. Jerome Karle. He was awarded the 1985 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures." Dr. Karle's talk, "The Relationship of Theory and Practice," filled 1640 Chem on April 11, 2001. Dr. Karle attended the City College of New York as an undergraduate, received an M.A. in biology from Harvard, and received his Ph.D. from none other than the University of Michigan in 1944. He currently works for the Naval Research Laboratory. Dr. Karle explains these two key equations. Bartell lecture co-chair Kari Dilley, Professor Lawrence Bartell, Dr. Karle, and Bartell lecture co-chair Avedis Magar during the award presentation. Previous Bartell Lectures Lawrence S. Bartell, Ph.D. Fred Basolo, Ph.D. Gerhart Friedlander, Ph.D. Michael A. Marletta, Ph.D. Stuart Alan Rice, Ph. D. Rudolph A. Marcus, Ph.D. John C. Polyani, Ph.D. Richard R. Ernst Ph.D. F. Sherwood Rowland, Ph.D.

56. Nobel Prize Winning Chemists jerome karle was born in New York City in 1918 into a family that had a numberof artistic people among its members. His mother was an excellent pianist and http://www.sanbenito.k12.tx.us/district/webpages2002/judymedrano/Nobel Winners/j

Nobel Prize Winning Chemists Jerome Karle The Nobel Prize In Chemistry 1985 He was awarded the Nobel Prize In Chemistry in 1985 jointly with Herbert A. Hauptman "for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures." Jerome Karle was born in New York City in 1918 into a family that had a number of artistic people among its members. His mother was an excellent pianist and organist and it was one of her hopes that he would become a professional pianist. He had some modest success, but found at an early age that he had no taste for public performance. On the other hand, he was strongly attracted to science as a lifelong career at an early age. He went to work with the New York State Health Department in Albany. At the time Jerome was in Albany, the fluoridation of drinking water was getting underway. He developed a procedure for determining the amount of fluorine in water supplies that became a standard method. This was his first contribution to science. It was his intention to save enough money while at the Health Department to return to graduate school. This he did, and he entered the Chemistry Department of the University of Michigan in 1940 where he met his wife, Isabella Lugoski, whom he married in 1942, at an adjoining laboratory desk the first day that he went to physical chemistry class. They were both attracted to physical chemistry and took their degrees with Professor Lawrence O. Brockway whose specialty was the investigation of gas-phase molecular structure by means of electron diffraction.

57. History Of Chemistry jerome karle 1985 Press Release The 1985 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Dr.jerome karle, jerome karle, jerome karle, jerome karle, jerome karle, http://www.chemistrycoach.com/history_of_chemistry.htm

Biographies of Chemists Biographical Collections Classic Papers in Chemistry History of Science Links Biographies of Chemists and some physicists including all Nobel Prize winners in chemistry through 2000 [Nobel Prize Year] Last updated September 2, 2001 All links were last verified between June 30, 2001 and September 2, 2001. The links are organized from most comprehensive to least, except that foreign language links generally appear at the end. Although I have not given information about each link, you can learn a lot by passing the cursor over the link and reading the web address. Kurt Alder Kurt Alder Kurt Alder Kurt Alder ... Sir Humphry Davy; Electricity and Chemical Affinity , Sir Humphry Davy, Sir Humphry Davy Sir Humphry Davy Petrus Josephus Wilhelmus Debye Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1936 ... Roald Hoffmann on NT , " The same and not the same " (highly recommended for high school students), "In Praise of Synthesis" A proporsed Methodological Improvement... Oxygen Prix Nobel de 1980 à 1984 ... Irene Joliot-Curie and Jean Frederic Joliot Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935 Frédéric and Irène Joliot-Curie Irene Joliot-Curie ... Dr. Jerome Karle

58. Environmental Peace Professor jerome karle won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1985 for his workwith Herbert Hauptman in the development of direct methods for the http://www.library.utoronto.ca/iip/journal/Profiles/karle.htm

Environmental Peace : Profiles Professor Jerome Karle Professor Jerome Karle won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1985 for his work with Herbert Hauptman in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures. He believes that degradation of the environment must be brought under control if there is to be a worthwhile and sustainable quality of life for most people.

59. W.I.F. Council Members Dr. jerome karle, BS, AM MS PhD, hcDr.mult, FAPS MNAS Inst.Mem.mult. Dr.jerome karle s research has been concerned with diffraction theory and its http://www.ineed.easynet.co.uk/wif/members/karle.htm

Nobel Laureate Prof. Jerome Karle Nobel Laureate(Chemistry) Prof. Dr. Jerome Karle, BS, AM MS PhD, h.c.Dr.mult, FAPS MNAS Inst.Mem.mult. Dr. Karle along with Dr. Herbert A. Hauptman developed mathematical methods for deducing the molecular structure of chemical compounds from the patterns fromed when X-rays are diffracted ny their crystals. He worked on the 'Manhattan Project' between 1943-44 and thereafter became chief scientist within the US government. 'I am very apprehensive about the future of human society. Much can be said about this subject, but in general terms, I am appalled by the large fraction of the population that behaves in a selfish, anti-social and often criminal way, the ease with which many individuals can be induced to commit violence and inhumane acts, the needs for instant gratification without consideration of the consequences and the general use of reason to rationalize improper behavior rather than prevent it. Nevertheless, despite daunting barriers, I feel that it is worth a considerable effort to try to improve the world of the future. The world still offers people special joys. Among them I very much enjoyed raising three children and I currently enjoy three-dimensional (stereo- )photography, art, music, swimming which I do daily in a pool at my laboratory, occasional ice skating, and when I am sure that no one else is listening, I play piano.' - A Message sent for the seminar participants '93 -

60. Lindau-nobel - Program 2002 (52th Meeting Of Nobel Laureates) karle, jerome, The Relationship of Theory and Practice. USA. 0935 1005, Prof . karle, jerome Prof. Deisenhofer, Johann Prof. Boyer, Paul http://www.lindau-nobel.net/content/view/125/89/

www.lindau-nobel.de Meetings of Nobel Laureates in Lindau Start Meetings Programs Program 2002 (52th Meeting of Nobel Laureates) Meetings Start General Information Meetings This years' Meeting Program 2005 Participants 2005 Lectures 2005 Next Meetings Meeting in Chemistry 2006 Meeting in Economic Sciences Past Meetings Programs Participants Lectures Short Reports ... Alumni Program 2002 (52th Meeting of Nobel Laureates) Scientific Program 2002 Time Speaker Theme Country Monday, July 1st 2002 Prof. Zewail, Ahmed Prof. Olah, George A. Prof. Crutzen, Paul J. Prof. Ernst, Richard Prof. Kroto, Sir Harold Chairperson Prof. Bengt Nordén, Göteborg/Schweden What can Chemistry and the Scientific Community contribute in Alfred Nobel's Spirit to the Benefit of Mankind in the 21st Century USA USA Deutschland Schweiz Grossbritannien Tuesday, July 2nd 2002 Prof. Zewail, Ahmed Chemistry and Biology in a New Light. USA Prof. Lehn, Jean-Marie Self-organization of Functional Supramolecular Systems. Frankreich Prof. Ernst, Richard Fourier Transform Methods in Spectroscopy, a Key Towards Insight and Comprehension. Schweiz Prof. Boyer, Paul

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