61. Lev Davidovich Landau Click Here For Full Size Picture (b. Jan. 22 In 1937 pyotr leonidovich kapitsa, a lowtemperature experimentalist, persuaded Landau to move to Moscow and to head the Theory Division of the SI Vavilov http://www.phy.bg.ac.yu/web_projects/giants/landau.html

Lev Davidovich Landau Click here for full size picture (b. Jan. 22, 1908, Baku, Azerbaijan, Russian Empired. April 1, 1968, Moscow), Soviet physicist who worked in such fields as low-temperature physics, atomic and nuclear physics, and solid-state, stellar-energy, and plasma physics. Several physics terms bear his name. He was awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize for Physics. Landau had science-oriented parents. His father was an engineer who worked in the Baku oil industry and his mother a doctor who had at one time done physiological research. Landau was graduated at 13 from the Gymnasium and, because he was too young to go to the university, attended the Baku Economical Technical School. He matriculated in 1922 at Baku University, studying physics and chemistry, and transferred in 1924 to the Leningrad State University, which at that time was the centre of Soviet physics. Graduating in 1927, he continued research at the Leningrad Physico-Technical Institute. Niels Bohr In 1932 Landau went to Kharkov to become the head of the Theoretical Division of the Ukrainian Physico-Technical Institute, a position he combined in 1935 with that of head of the Department of General Physics at the Kharkov A.M. Gorky State University. In Kharkov Landau began to build a Soviet school of theoretical physics, so that Kharkov soon became the centre of theoretical physics in the U.S.S.R. It was also in Kharkov that, with his friend and former student, E.M. Lifshits, he started to write the well-known Course of Theoretical Physics, a set of nine volumes that together span the whole of the subject. His great interest in the teaching of physics is also shown in his plans for a "Course of General Physics" and even a series "Physics for Everybody."

62. Judith Irwin's Home Page The prize was divided, one half being awarded to pyotr leonidovich kapitsa for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of lowtemperature physics http://www.astro.queensu.ca/~irwin/nobel.html

NOBEL PRIZES IN PHYSICS RELATED TO ASTRONOMY The prize was awarded jointly to: RUSSELL A. HULSE and JOSEPH H. TAYLOR JR. for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation. The prize was divided equally between: SUBRAMANYAN CHANDRASEKHAR for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars. WILLIAM A. FOWLER for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe. The prize was divided, one half being awarded to: PYOTR LEONIDOVICH KAPITSA for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics and the other half divided equally between: ARNO A. PENZIAS and ROBERT W. WILSON for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation. The prize was awarded jointly to: SIR MARTIN RYLE and ANTONY HEWISH for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars. The prize was divided equally between: VICTOR FRANZ HESS for his discovery of cosmic radiation and CARL DAVID ANDERSON for his discovery of the positron.

63. DEK's Courses At CWRU (from the address to the students of Moscow State University in 1948 by pyotr leonidovich kapitsa, 1978 Nobel Prize winner in physics) http://dek.cwru.edu/bme/courses_dek/courses.htm

"A problem [in a test] is the first approximation to a small scientific study. Solving ... problems is ... research. You decide where to stop in solving a problem. Problems can be approximately solved in two-three words, while digging deeper, ... solving the problem can become a PhD dissertation." (from the address to the students of Moscow State University in 1948 by Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa, 1978 Nobel Prize winner in physics) D.E. Kourennyi's courses ACADEMIC YEAR (fall / spring-summer) [reversed chronological order by AY] Fall Spring Summer fall 2005 / spring-summer 2006 FSCC 100 (SAGES) EBME 313 EBME 314 EBME 317/417 ... EBME 452 fall 2004 / spring-summer 2005 TA (Marc Petre) won Graduate Dean's Instructional Excellence Award EBME 105 EBME 313 EBME 314 ... EBME 452 fall 2003 / spring-summer 2004 EBME 105 EBME 313 EBME 317/417 EBME 451 ... SatCo fall 2002 / spring-summer 2003 EBME 105 EBME 313 EBME 451 EBME 310 ... EBME 314 fall 2001 / spring-summer 2002 TA (John Sankovic) presented at ASEE Meeting, Montreal, Jun 2002 EBME 105 EBME 313 EBME 451 ... NASA fall 2000 / spring-summer 2001 EBME 313 EBME 451 EBME 517 EBME 310 ... NASA fall 1999 / spring-summer 2000 EBME 313 EBME 451 EBME 310 EBME 314 ... EBME 360 fall 1998 / spring-summer 1999 EBME 451 EBME 310 EBME 314 EBME 360 ACADEMIC YEAR (fall / spring-summer) [reversed chronological order by AY] Fall Spring Summer Back to my homepage

64. Bibliography kapitsa, pyotr leonidovich. Retrieved Feb. 20, 2005, from Britannica Nobel Prizes Web site http//www.britannica.com/nobel/micro/313_26.html http://s117885204.onlinehome.us/~dtd-leaders/bibliography.html

65. RUSSIANS CAN BUILD ANYTHING - EXCEPT A SOCIETY - George Jonas - Benador Associat pyotr leonidovich kapitsa shared a Nobel Prize (1978) for his discoveries in lowtemperature physics. In short, Russians are an immensely talented people. http://www.benadorassociates.com/article/14766

Public Relations Articles by Our Members Eleana's Choice From Eleana's Desk Home ... Mailing List RUSSIANS CAN BUILD ANYTHING - EXCEPT A SOCIETY by George Jonas National Post May 9, 2005 Russians are celebrating themselves today. The Kremlin's rulers, noted for their oversized parades, are commemorating the 60th anniversary of the Nazi surrender with a bash designed to be big even by Moscow standards. Russia wants attention. It wants respect. Security mixes with ostentation on Red Square at this hour, featuring silent dogs and dieting horses. The canines of the presidential guard are seen but not heard. The dignified Russian Bear Schnauzers have been trained not to bark for the aural comfort of VIPs. As for the mounted troops on parade, they haven't fed their horses to spare international guests discomfort of another kind. Fifty world leaders are at hand to witness 18 cannons firing salutes from a hill across the Moskva river. The fireworks include hundreds of Second World War-style incendiary rockets the legendary Katyushas released from their truck-mounted rails. The ceremonial excess, reminiscent of the Romanov czars, is a

66. Sciforums.com - Jewish Laureates Of Nobel Prizes 1978 kapitsa, pyotr leonidovich for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of lowtemperature physics Russia 1978 Penzias, Arno A. http://www.sciforums.com/archive/index.php/t-3820.html

sciforums.com Science PDA View Full Version : Jewish Laureates of Nobel Prizes Radical 09-02-01, 01:13 PM Jewish Laureates of Nobel Prize in Physics Year Nobel Laureate Country of birth 1997 Cohen-Tannoudji, Claude "for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light" Algeria 1996 Lee, David M. "for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3" USA 1996 Osheroff, Douglas D. "for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3" USA 1995 Perl, Martin L. "for the discovery of the tau lepton " Russia 1995 Reines, Frederick "for the detection of the neutrino" USA 1992 Charpak, Georges "for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber" Poland 1990 Friedman, Jerome I. "for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics" USA 1988 Lederman, Leon M.

67. Biography-center - Letter K wwwhistory.mcs.st-a nd.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Kantorovich.html; kapitsa, pyotr leonidovich www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1978/kapitsa-bio.html http://www.biography-center.com/k.html

Visit a random biography ! Any language Arabic Bulgarian Catalan Chinese (Simplified) Chinese (Traditional) Croatian Czech Danish Dutch English Estonian Finnish French German Greek Hebrew Hungarian Icelandic Indonesian Italian Japanese Korean Latvian Lithuanian Norwegian Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian Serbian Slovak Slovenian Spanish Swedish Turkish K 403 biographies K hayyam, Omar www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Khayy am.html K lee, Paul www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ARTklee.htm K nopp, Konrad www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Knopp .html K oss, Johann Olav www.olympic.org/uk/athletes/heroes/bio_uk.asp?PAR_I_ID=74776 www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/M athematicians/Konig_Julius.html www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Konig_Samuel.h tml www -history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Konigsberger.html www-history.mcs. st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Kurschak.html Kabir, www.geocities.com /athens/8107/bios1.html#kabir Kac, Mark www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Kac.html Kaestner, Abraham

68. Physics Nobel Laureates 1975 - Today kapitsa, pyotr leonidovich, USSR, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, * 1894, + 1984. for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of lowtemperature http://www.matpack.de/Info/Chronics/physics_laureates_4.html

Physics 1975 The prize was awarded jointly to: BOHR, AAGE, Denmark, Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen, MOTTELSON, BEN, Denmark, Nordita, Copenhagen, * 1926 (in Chicago, U.S.A.); and RAINWATER, JAMES, U.S.A., Columbia University, New York, NY, "for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection". Physics 1976 The prize was divided equally between: RICHTER, BURTON, U.S.A., Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA, TING, SAMUEL C. C., U.S.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, (European Center for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland), "for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind". Physics 1977 The prize was divided equally between: ANDERSON, PHILIP W., U.S.A., Bell Laboratories,Murray Hill, NJ, MOTT, Sir NEVILL F., Great Britain, Cambridge University, Cambridge, + 1996; and

69. John Bardeen pyotr leonidovich kapitsa. 1987. J. Georg Bednorz. K. Alexander Müller. 2003. Alexei A. Abrikosov. Vitaly L. Ginzburg. for his experimental discoveries http://fy.chalmers.se/~krasnov/FMI020/NobelPrizeinPhysics.htm

Nobel Prices in Physics Related to Superconductivity: Heike Kamerlingh Onnes Lev Davidovich Landau John Bardeen Leon Neil Cooper John Robert Schrieffer Brian David Josephson “for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led, inter alia, to the production of liquid helium” “for his pioneering theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium" “for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory" "for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects" Discovery of super-conductivity in Hg Superfluidity Theory of second order phase transitions Microscopic theory of super-conductivity Josephson effect (theory) Ivar Giaever Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa J. Georg Bednorz K. Alexander Müller

70. F&P Nobel Laureates pyotr leonidovich kapitsa for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of lowtemperature physics . Born 1894 Died 1984; Residence USSR http://www.friends-partners.org/friends/naukanet/nobel/russia.html(opt,mozilla,u

NaukaNet Home ACTIVITIES SERVICES LISTSERVER ... Home Russia Russian Users Nobel Laureates NaukaNet Listserver NaukaNet Chatroom Nobel Laureates NOBEL LAUREATES Below is a list of Nobel Laureates, starting with the most recent, that were either Russian or Soviet citizens at the time of their award. There is also a large number of Laureates that were born in Russia or the USSR but had relocated, either as children or far into their careers, to other countries at the time of their award. We have attempted to list the country correctly - Russia or the USSR - depending on the status of the country at the time of the laureate's birth and/or award. 2000 PHYSICS Zhores I. Alferov "for the development of semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics" Born: 1930. Vitebsk, Belorussia (then the USSR) Education: Doctor's degree in physics and mathematics 1970 at A.F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute in St. Petersburg (then Leningrad) Affiliation: Director of the Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute in St. Petersburg 26 Polytekhnicheskaya St. Petersburg 194021 Russian Federation

71. Nobel Laureates In Physics 1901 - 1996 kapitsa, pyotr leonidovich, USSR, b. 1894, d. 1984, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of lowtemperature http://www.hallym.ac.kr/~physics/reference/nobel/nobel-ph.html

Origin Nobel Laureates in Physics 1901 - 1996 REVISED: Oct. 22, 1996 This page is a service of the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Library . It contains a list in reverse chronological order of the award winners with brief biographical information and a description of the discovery taken from the Nobel Foundation's text describing each Laureate's discovery and other sources. Additional information, corrections and comments are welcome If your browser does not support keyword searching within a document, or if you wish to perform more complex searches, use the search page of the Nobel Foundation. The Center for the History of Physics of the American Institute of Physics provides a rich supplemental resource for this subject. Credits Explanation of institutional affiliations: CA AA WA Browse: Physics 1996 The prize was awarded jointly to: Lee, David M., U.S.A., b. 1931, CA: Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, AA: Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, WA: Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Cornell University press release and Osheroff, Douglas D.,

72. George Jonas | Russians Can Build Anything -- Except A Society More recently, pyotr leonidovich kapitsa shared a Nobel Prize (1978) for his discoveries in lowtemperature physics. In short, Russians are an immensely http://www.georgejonas.ca/recent_writing.cfm?id=311

73. CNN.com 1978 pyotr leonidovich kapitsa, Arno Allan Penzias, Robert Woodrow Wilson. 1977 Philip Warren Anderson, Sir Nevill Francis Mott, John Hasbrouck van Vleck http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2001/nobel.100/physics.html

HOME OVERVIEW PROFILE: ANNAN PURSUIT OF PEACE ... RESOURCES Physics 2001 Eric A. Cornell, Carl E. Wieman, Wolfgang Ketterle 2000 Zhores I Alferov, Herbert Kroemer, Jack S. Kilby 1999 Gerardus 't Hooft, Martinus J.G. Veltman 1997 Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, William D. Phillips 1996 David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson 1995 Martin L. Perl, Frederick Reines 1994 Bertram N. Brockhouse, Clifford G. Shull 1993 Russell A. Hulse, Joseph H. Taylor Jr. 1992 Georges Charpak 1991 Pierre-Gilles de Gennes 1990 Jerome I. Friedman, Henry W. Kendall, Richard E. Taylor 1989 Norman F. Ramsey, Hans G. Dehmelt, Wolfgang Paul 1988 Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz, Jack Steinberger 1986 Ernst Ruska, Gerd Binnig, Heinrich Rohrer 1985 Klaus von Klitzing 1984 Carlo Rubbia, Simon van der Meer 1983 Subramanyan Chandrasekhar, William Alfred Fowler 1982 Kenneth G. Wilson 1981 Nicolaas Bloembergen, Arthur Leonard Schawlow, Kai M. Siegbahn 1980 James Watson Cronin, Val Logsdon Fitch 1979 Sheldon Lee Glashow, Abdus Salam, Steven Weinberg 1978 Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa, Arno Allan Penzias, Robert Woodrow Wilson

74. Nobel Prize Laureates With Russian Roots pyotr leonidovich kapitsa (1894 1984), was born in Kronshtadt, Russia. pyotr leonidovich kapitsa. Daniel Nathans, was born in 1928 in family of http://www.rusalma.org/publ/nobel/Nobel Prize Laureates with Russian roots2004.h

add to Favorite Application form Registration form Discussion forum ... Home Alma Mater : Our publications Nobel Prize Laureates with Russian roots Vitaly L. Ginzburg was born in Moscow in1928. The Prize for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids. , physics). Nobel Lectures. Alexei A. Abrikosov was born in The Prize for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids , physics). Nobel Lectures. Zhores I. Alferov , was born in 1930. The Prize for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed and opto-electronics.( , physics). Nobel Lecture Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev , was born in 1931. The Prize for his leading role in the peace process which today characterizes important parts of the international community. ( , peace).

75. Nobel Prize Laureates With Russian Roots pyotr leonidovich kapitsa (1894 1984), was born in Kronshtadt, Russia. The Prize was devided, one half being awarded to him for his basic inventions and http://www.rusalma.org/publ/nobel/

add to Favorite Application form Registration form Discussion forum ... Home Alma Mater : Our publications Nobel Prize Laureates with Russian roots Zhores I. Alferov , born in 1930. The Prize for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed and opto-electronics.( , physics) Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev , born in 1931. The Prize for his leading role in the peace process which today characterizes important parts of the international community. ( , peace). Nycolay Gennadiyevich Basov (1922 - 2001), was born in Russia, near Voronez, Russia. The Prize for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers, based on the maser-laser principle. ( , physics) Bellow Saul , was born in family of emigrant from Russia in 1915. The Prize for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work. (

76. American Scientist Online - Soviet Science: Saga Of A Scholar Semyon E. Khaikin, Peter kapitsa pyotr leonidovich kapitsa, Sergei Pavlovich Korolyov Korolev, Igor V. Kurchatov, Lev Davidovich Landau, http://www.americanscientist.org/template/AssetDetail/assetid/14573

Home Current Issue Archives Bookshelf ... Subscribe In This Section Reviewed in This Issue Book Reviews by Issue New Books Received Publishers' Directory ... Virtual Bookshelf Archive Site Search Advanced Search Visitor Login Username Password Help with login Forgot your password? Change your username see list of all reviews from this issue: March-April 2001 HISTORY Soviet Science: Saga of a Scholar Alexander Gurshtein Making Waves: Stories from My Life . Yakov Alpert. xvii + 260 pages. Yale University Press, 2000. $30. In Making Waves, Yakov Alpert, a pioneer in several fields of radio and space-plasma physics, provides a gripping firsthand account of life in the Soviet scientific community from the time of the Bolshevik revolution through the collapse of the Soviet system. This memoir, whose dust jacket features a sketch of Alpert gazing soulfully at the reader, invites comparison with Roald Z. Sagdeev's 1994 autobiography, The Making of a Soviet Scientist (which I reviewed for Sky and Telescope in December 1994, and which Alpert discusses in an appendix). Alpert's sincerity and cordiality in paying tribute to many of his scientific godfathers and colleagues, who were genuine heroes of Soviet science, stand in stark contrast to Sagdeev's penchant for self-advertisement.

77. Jim Hofmann pyotr leonidovich kapitsa , in Great Lives From History Twentieth Century, five volumes, edited by Frank N. Magill, Salem Press, 1990, pp. 11491154. http://hss.fullerton.edu/philosophy/hof2.htm

J AMES R. HOFMANN Liberal Studies Department California State University Fullerton jhofmann@fullerton.edu Education B.S., Physics, Saint John's University (Collegeville, Minnesota) 1969 M.S., Physics, University of Minnesota Ph.D., History and Philosophy of Science, University of Pittsburgh Research in Electrodynamics: A Truly 'Crucial' Experiment" Links to Frequently Taught Courses: Liberal Studies 487: Senior Seminar on Evolution and Creation Click Here for LBST 487 course website. History 302A: The Historical Dimension of Liberal Studies I Click Here for Copernicus. History 302B: The Historical Dimension of Liberal Studies II Click Here for a sample syllabus. Some Lecture Outlines and Readings Click Here for Copernicus. Click Here for Luther and Calvin. Click Here for Kepler. Click Here for Galileo and Descartes. Newton: Click Here for lecture outline. Click Here for Newton's General Scholium to the Principia Click Here for the Chemical Revolution Click Here for Adam Smith and the French Enlightenment Click Here for Rousseau 19th Century Natural Theology: Click Here for lecture outline.

78. KaKa kapitsa, pyotr leonidovich (18941994) Russian physicist - Born June 26, 1894 in Kronstadt, Russia, he shared the 1978 Nobel Prize in physics for studies in http://www.philately.com/philately/biokaka.htm

KABAKCHIEV, Khristo (1878- ) Bulgarian politician - Bulgaria 3299 KABIR, Mirza Taqi Khan Amir ( -1851) - Iran 2208 KABIR, Panthis (1440?-1516) Hindu poet - India 237 KABLESHKOV, Todor Lulchev (1851-1876) Bulgarian patriot, revolutionary - Bulgaria 1480 KABOK, Lajos (1884-1944) Hungarian politician, tool-maker - Hungary B180 KABUA, Amata ( - ) President of Marshall Islands - Marshall Islands. 60; 62a KACACI, Mustafa (1903-1944) Albanian patriot - Albania 2172; KACHOVSKY see KAKHOVSKY, Peter Grigoryevich KACICMIOSIC, Andrija (1704-1760) Croatian priest, poet, educator, author, historian - Yugoslavia 416 KACZKOWSKI, Karol Maciej (1797-1867) Polish physician, educator, author, general - Poland 246-8 KADENGE, Joe ( - ) Sportsman, soccer player - Kenya 113; 116a Tanzania 95; 98a Uganda 181; 184a KADIA, Branco (1921-1942) Albanian patriot - Albania 2012A KADOWAKI, Shunichi ( - ) Artist - Saint Vincent STV1995G01 KAFFKA, Margit (1880-1918) Hungarian author, journalist - Hungary 2650 KAFKA, Franz (1883-1924) Czech author, lawyer, journalist - Czechoslovakia 1633 KAHLE, Hans (1899-1947) German communist, journalist - German Democratic Republic 848

79. Engineering Database Physics pyotr leonidovich kapitsa for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics; and Physics - Arno A. Penzias and http://www.diracdelta.co.uk/science/source/n/o/nobel prize/source.html

Nobel Prize Chemistry Chemistry - Frederick Soddy for his contribution to the chemistry of radioactive substances and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes. Physics - Albert Einstein for his work in quantum physics. Chemistry - Theodor Svedberg for his work on disperse systems. Physics - Sir James Chadwick for the discovery of the neutron. Chemistry - Sir Robert Robinson for his investigations on plant products of biological importance, especially the alkaloids. Chemistry - Archer John Porter Martin and Richard Laurence Millington SyngeE for their invention of partition chromatography. Chemistry - Hermann Staudinger for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry. Chemistry - Linus Carl Pauling for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances. Chemistry - Vincent du Vigneaud for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds, especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone. Chemistry - Sir Cyril Norman Hinselwood and Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions.

80. ESD Journal - The ESD & Electrostatics Magazine July 8 pyotr kapitsa (Born July 8, 1894 Died April 8, 1894) pyotr leonidovich kapitsa, Russian physicist, was a corecipient of the 1978 Nobel Prize for http://www.esdjournal.com/articles/History/2005/July/july.htm

ESD Journal Home Page July Important dates in History July 31: John Canton (Born July 31, 1718: Died March 22, 1772) British physicist and teacher, born Stroud, Gloucestershire. He made a number of minor discoveries in physics and chemistry. As a result of preparing artificial magnets in 1749 he was elected to the Royal Society. In 1762, he demonstrated that water was slightly compressible. He invented a number of devices in connection with electricity. His notable work, between 1756 and 1759, was to record that on days when the aurora borealis was particularly bright, a compass needle behaved with more irregularity than usual. Thus he was the first to record this as an electromagnetic phenomenon for what is now known to be a magnetic storm. July 30: Vladimir Kosma Zworykin (Born July 30, 1889: Died July 29, 1982) Russian-born U.S. electronic engineer, inventor, "the Father of Television." Concurrent with the start of radio broadcasting, Zworykin was developing a system of transmitting sound and pictures. Other inventors were using a motorized, mechanical scanning system with rotating disks capable of a picture about one inch square. It was heavy, bulky and impractical for home use. Zworykin, at Westinghouse, instead developed an electronic scanning television system using his innovations, the iconoscope and kinescope, the forerunners of today's television camera. He also invented the electron microscope. July 29: John Alexander Newlands

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