21. Jouhaux, Leon --  Encyclopædia Britannica jouhaux, leon French Socialist and tradeunion leader who was one of the foundersof the International Labour Organisation. He was awarded the Nobel Prize http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9044022

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Léon Jouhaux Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products Page 1 of 1 born July 1, 1879, Paris, France died April 28, 1954, Paris Jouhaux Keystone French Socialist and trade-union leader who was one of the founders of the International Labour Organisation . He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1951. (75 of 309 words) var mm = [["Jan.","January"],["Feb.","February"],["Mar.","March"],["Apr.","April"],["May","May"],["June","June"],["July","July"],["Aug.","August"],["Sept.","September"],["Oct.","October"],["Nov.","November"],["Dec.","December"]]; To cite this page: MLA style: http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9044022

22. Encyclopedia: Leon Jouhaux Encyclopedia leon jouhaux On his passing in 1954, Léon jouhaux was interredin Le Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris. http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Leon-Jouhaux

Supporter Benefits Signup Login Sources ... Pies Related Articles People who viewed "Leon Jouhaux" also viewed: Matignon Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa Leonor Michaelis CPE Bach ... Undertow What's new? Our next offering Latest newsletter Student area Lesson plans Recent Updates Learning object Leading Lawrence E. Page Laura Foy ... More Recent Articles Top Graphs Richest Most Murderous Most Taxed Most Populous ... More Stats Encyclopedia: Leon Jouhaux Updated 215 days 23 hours 25 minutes ago. Other descriptions of Leon Jouhaux Léon Jouhaux 1 July 28 April ) was a French trade union leader who received the Nobel Peace Prize in Jouhaux's father worked in a match factory in Aubervilliers. His secondary schooling ended when his father's earnings were stopped by a strike. He gained employment at the factory at age sixteen and immediately became an important part of the union. In 1900, he joined a strike against the use of the white phosphorus that had sent his father blind, and was dismissed, and worked at a succession of jobs until union influence saw him reinstated. In 1906, he was elected by the local union as a representative to the

23. AllRefer.com - LEon Jouhaux (Labor, Biography) - Encyclopedia AllRefer.com reference and encyclopedia resource provides complete informationon leon jouhaux, Labor, Biographies. Includes related research links. http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/J/Jouhaux.html

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24. AllRefer.com - Nobel Prizes (table) - Encyclopedia 1951, leon jouhaux, Edwin M. McMillan Glenn T. Seaborg, Sir John D. Cockcroft ErnestTS Walton, Max Theiler, PAr F. Lagerkvist http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/N/NoblPrzTABLE.html

AllRefer Channels :: Health Yellow Pages Reference Weather September 15, 2005 Medicine People Places History ... Maps Web AllRefer.com You are here : AllRefer.com Reference Encyclopedia Science, General ... Nobel Prizes (table) By Alphabet : Encyclopedia A-Z N Nobel Prizes (table), Science, General Related Category: Science, General Nobel Prizes Year Peace Chemistry Physics Physiology or Medicine Literature J. H. Dunant FrEdEric Passy J. H. van't Hoff W. C. Roentgen E. A. von Behring R. F. A. Sully-Prudhomme Elie Ducommun C. A. Gobat Emil Fischer H. A. Lorentz Pieter Zeeman Sir Ronald Ross Theodor Mommsen Sir William R. Cremer S. A. Arrhenius A. H. Becquerel Pierre Curie Marie S. Curie N. R. Finsen BjOrnstjerne BjOrnson Institute of International Law Sir William Ramsay J. W. S. Rayleigh Ivan P. Pavlov FrEdEric Mistral JosE Echegaray Baroness Bertha von Suttner Adolf von Baeyer Philipp Lenard Robert Koch Henryk Sienkiewicz Theodore Roosevelt Henri Moissan Sir Joseph Thomson Camillo Golgi S. RamOn y Cajal GiosuE Carducci E. T. Moneta Louis Renault Eduard Buchner A. A. Michelson

25. MSN Encarta - Jouhaux, Leon Translate this page jouhaux, leon (Parigi 1879-1954), sindacalista francese. Nato da una famiglia dimodestissime Altre risorse di Encarta. Cerca in Encarta jouhaux, leon http://it.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761568127/Jouhaux_Leon.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Migliora la tua esperienza con Encarta Cerca in Encarta Articolo riservato agli iscritti MSN Encarta Premium: Puoi consultare questo e altri 30.000 articoli, un atlante interattivo, un dizionario bilingue e altre risorse, effettuando l'iscrizione a MSN Encarta Premium per €29,95 all'anno. Per saperne di pi¹. L'articolo ¨ disponibile solo per gli utenti iscritti a MSN Encarta Premium. Gi  iscritto? Per accedere fare clic sul pulsante Accedi in alto a destra. Jouhaux, Leon Jouhaux, Leon (Parigi 1879-1954), sindacalista francese. Nato da una famiglia di modestissime condizioni, all’et  di dodici anni abbandon² la scuola e... Vuoi altri contenuti di Encarta? Iscriviti subito e avrai a tua disposizione: Pi¹ di 30.000 articoli Atlante dinamico Dizionario bilingue Approfondimenti Bibliografie Web Center Trova altre informazioni su Jouhaux, Leon Altre risorse di Encarta Cerca in Encarta Jouhaux, Leon © 2005 Microsoft Informativa sulla privacy di MSN Condizioni per l'utilizzo Pubblicit  Guida

26. Nobel Laureate In 1951 leon jouhaux. (18791954), Nobel Laureate in 1951 French Socialist and trade-unionleader who was one of the founders of the International Labour http://mujweb.cz/Kultura/zidove/1951/leon-jouhaux.htm

Leon Jouhaux (1879-1954), Nobel Laureate in 1951 French Socialist and trade-union leader who was one of the founders of the International Labour Organisation. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1951. A worker in a match factory from the age of 16, Jouhaux soon became one of the leading propagandists of revolutionary syndicalism. He was national secretary of the matchworkers' union by 1906 and was appointed secretary general of the Confederation Generale du Travail (CGT; General Confederation of Labour) in 1909. Before World War I he joined with German labour leaders in an attempt to organize an antimilitary movement; but subsequently he supported the French war effort. He attended the Versailles Peace Conference in 1919, which set up the International Labour Legislation Commission, of which he was one of the most active members . From this time he also urged the foundation of the Economic Council, which was set up in 1925. He believed that trade unionism should have a role in directing the economy but insisted that trade-union action remain independent of political action. He refused to join Leon Blum's cabinet in 1936 but in that year agreed to the return of the communists to the CGT, from which they had been split since 1921. During World War II the Vichy government dissolved the CGT and arrested Jouhaux and turned him over to the Germans; he spent the rest of the war in a concentration camp. Returning to France, he was again secretary general of the reconstituted CGT, but in 1947 he split with the now communist majority and established in 1948 the Force Ouvriere ("Workers' Force"), which stood between the communists and Roman Catholic labour organizations. In 1949 he helped to found the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, and in 1951 he received the Nobel Peace Prize.

27. Leon Jouhaux, Born In France, Socialist/co-founder UN's ILO, Nobel 1951 July 1 I leon jouhaux, France, socialist/cofounder UN s ILO, Nobel 1951 July 1, 1879 inhistory. http://www.brainyhistory.com/events/1879/july_1_1879_59831.html

Atlas Dictionary Encyclopedia Geography ... Add "Today in History" or "Today's Birthdays" to Your Site - it's Easy! Web brainyhistory.com July 1, 1879 in History Born: Leon Jouhaux, born in France, socialist/co-founder UN's ILO, Nobel 1951 Related Topics: co-founder France Leon Nobel ... Un Related Year: Related Birthdays: July 1 Additional Information: July 1 Related Countries: France I never called my work an 'art' It's part of show business, the business of building entertainment. - Walt Disney History Home About Us Inquire Privacy Terms

28. Leon 1879 leon jouhaux, France, socialist/cofounder UN s ILO, Nobel 1951 1872 leonBlum, French premier, People s front government 1871 leon Jessel, composer http://www.brainyhistory.com/topics/l/leon.html

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29. Léon Jouhaux - Biography Léon jouhaux Dean of the French labor movement for fortyfive years, Léon jouhaux Dale, leon A., Marxism and French Labor. New York, Vantage, 1956. http://nobelprize.org/peace/laureates/1951/jouhaux-bio.html

HOME SITE HELP ABOUT SEARCH ... EDUCATIONAL Dean of the French labor movement for forty-five years, Although Jouhaux gradually moved from a radical philosophical position to a more moderate one in his four decades of labor leadership, he nonetheless preserved a remarkable consistency in the programs of action he espoused. He first strove to bring to realization the demands of labor commonly proposed during the first third of this century. In 1936 he was a signatory of the Matignon Agreement giving French workers the eight-hour day, paid vacations, the right to organize and to bargain collectively. The larger conception of trade unionism to which Jouhaux devoted his life can be found in the pages of La Bataille syndicaliste , the main organ of the C.G.T., which he edited from 1911 to 1921, and in his speeches and extensive publications. It included principles of inclusiveness, solidarity, political independence, democratic procedure, and international concern. He was himself a confirmed internationalist. Alarmed by the crisis in international relations prior to World War I, Jouhaux spoke in England, Germany, Switzerland, and Belgium, urging labor unions to unite in the cause of peace. With the opening of hostilities, however, he declared his support for the war effort and accepted membership on several governmental committees. Meanwhile, he led the C.G.T. in developing a peace program calling for arms limitation, international arbitration, an end to secret treaties, and respect for nationalities. In 1916 at the Leeds Conference, Jouhaux presented a report laying the groundwork for what later became the

30. The Transitional Program - Leon Trotsky In France the syndicalist bureaucracy of leon jouhaux has long since become abourgeois agency in the working class. In Spain, anarchosyndicalism shook off http://www.socialistparty.net/pub/manifestcomm/transprog3.htm

The Transitional Program The Death Agony of Capitalism and the Tasks of the Fourth International: The Mobilization of the Masses around Transitional Demands to Prepare the Conquest of Power by Leon Trotsky First Published: May 1938 Part Three The USSR and Problems of the Transitional Epoch The Soviet Union emerged from the October Revolution as a workers' state. State ownership of the means of production, a necessary prerequisite to socialist development, opened up the possibility of rapid growth of the productive forces. But the apparatus of the workers' state underwent a complete degeneration at the same time: it was transformed from a weapon of the working class into a weapon of bureaucratic violence against the working class and more and more a weapon for the sabotage of the country's economy. The bureaucratization of a backward and isolated workers' state and the transformation of the bureaucracy into an all-powerful privileged caste constitute the most convincing refutation-not only theoretically, but this time, practically-of the theory of socialism in one country. The USSR thus embodies terrific contradictions. But it still remains a degenerated workers' state. Such is the social diagnosis. The political prognosis has an alternative character: either the bureaucracy, becoming ever more the organ of the world bourgeoisie in the workers' state, will overthrow the new forms of property and plunge the country back to capitalism; or the working class will crush the bureaucracy and open the way to socialism.

31. Léon Jouhaux - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia (Redirected from leon jouhaux). Léon jouhaux (1 July 1879 28 April 1954) was a On his passing in 1954, Léon jouhaux was interred in Le Père Lachaise http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Jouhaux

L©on Jouhaux From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (Redirected from Leon Jouhaux L©on Jouhaux 1 July 28 April ) was a French trade union leader who received the Nobel Peace Prize in Jouhaux's father worked in a match factory in Aubervilliers. His secondary schooling ended when his father's earnings were stopped by a strike. He gained employment at the factory at age sixteen and immediately became an important part of the union. In 1900, he joined a strike against the use of the white phosphorus that had sent his father blind, and was dismissed, and worked at a succession of jobs until union influence saw him reinstated. In 1906, he was elected by the local union as a representative to the Conf©d©ration g©n©rale du travail , where his abilities saw him quickly rise through the ranks of organized labour. By 1909 he became interim treasurer, and shortly afterwards became secretary-general of the organization, which he held until 1947. In the years before First World War , Jouuhaux organised several mass protests, and the organization he led protested against the war. However, once the war started, Jouhaux supported his country and believed that a Germany victory would led to the destruction of democracy in Europe. During World War II he was arrested and imprisoned by Nazi Germany.

32. REFORM AND REVOLUTION Under leon jouhaux, the syndicalist CGT became bureaucratized, and, Georges,Tintant, op cit, p.443 leon jouhaux was always recognized as faithful to http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/Anarchist_Archives/worldwidemovements/reform.html

An Online Research Center on the History and Theory of Anarchism Home Search About Us Contact Us ... Critics Corner The Cynosure Michael Bakunin William Godwin Emma Goldman Peter Kropotkin ... Bright but Lesser Lights Cold Off The Presses Pamphlets Periodicals Anarchist History Worldwide Movements ... Bibliography REFORM AND REVOLUTION: Moderates and Revolutionaries in the French CGT by Larry Gambone ANARCHISM AND SYNDICALISM Until the outbreak of the First World War the Confederation General du Travail (CGT) was a revolutionary anarcho-syndicalist union federation. Thereafter, the CGT was taken over by reformists and became an ordinary conservative trade union. So goes the accepted viewpoint. Murray Bookchin makes a statement which is a classic in this regard. "Under Leon Jouhaux, the syndicalist CGT became bureaucratized, and, apart from the revolutionary rhetoric, a fairly conventional trade union. For Daniel Guerin, the anarchist aspect of the CGT ended in 1914. Sima Lieberman states that "The minimum program it published in December 1918 was reformist in nature". For Nicholas Papayanis, the CGT "had became democratic and integrated into the capitalist state" and that only "Russian Bolshevism challenged French syndicalism to become authentically revolutionary."

33. Reform And Revolution: Moderates And Revolutionaries In The French CGT Under leon jouhaux, the syndicalist CGT became bureaucratized, and, Tintant,Denise, leon jouhaux, Vol.1, Presse Universitaires, Paris, 1962. http://www.anarchosyndicalism.net/history/cgt.htm

Reform and Revolution: Moderates and Revolutionaries in the French CGT by Larry Gambone ANARCHISM AND SYNDICALISM Until the outbreak of the First World War the Confederation General du Travail (CGT) was a revolutionary anarcho-syndicalist union federation. Thereafter, the CGT was taken over by reformists and became an ordinary conservative trade union. So goes the accepted viewpoint. Murray Bookchin makes a statement which is a classic in this regard. "Under Leon Jouhaux, the syndicalist CGT became bureaucratized, and, apart from the revolutionary rhetoric, a fairly conventional trade union.1 For Daniel Guerin, the anarchist aspect of the CGT ended in 1914. 2 Sima Lieberman states that "The minimum program it published in December 1918 was reformist in nature".3 For Nicholas Papayanis, the CGT "had became democratic and integrated into the capitalist state" and that only "Russian Bolshevism challenged French syndicalism to become authentically revolutionary."4 Val Lorwin felt the demise of revolutionary syndicalism began even earlier, for "the revolutionary current was receding by 1910."5 Almost seventy five years have passed since the supposed "right-turn" of the CGT and therefore we are far enough removed in time to examine this claim in a more objective light. A first step in this examination requires a brief review of the history of anarcho- syndicalism before the break between "revolutionaries" and "moderates".

34. TENNIS MUNICIPAUX LEON JOUHAUX Adresse Avenue Léon Jouhaux 42100 Translate this page TENNIS MUNICIPAUX leon jouhaux. Adresse . Avenue Léon jouhaux 42100 ST-ETIENNETél 04 77 25 72 42. Nombre de courts 7 découverts. http://www.j-net.org/ij2.nsf/0/7311fdd9ac4894f0c125667f003c9518?OpenDocument

35. International Biography 1951 leon jouhaux 1952 - Albert Schweitzer 1953 - George C. Marshall 1954 -Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees http://www.palestinehistory.com/intbio14.htm

NOBEL Prize Winners Year - NOBEL PRIZE WINNERS - Peace 1901 - Jean Henri Dunant Frederic Passy 1902 - Elie Ducommun Charles Albert Gobat 1903 - Sir William R. Cremer 1904 - Institute of International Law 1905 - Baroness Bertha von Suttner 1906 - Theodore Roosevelt 1907 - Ernesto T. Moneta Louis Renault 1908 - Klas P Arnoldson Fredrik Bajer 1909 - Auguste Beernaert Paul d'Estournelles de Constant 1910 - International Peace Bureau 1911 - Tobias M. C. Asser A. H. Fried 1912 - Elihu Root 1913 - Henri La Fontaine 1917 - International Red Cross Committee 1919 - Woodrow Wilson 1920 - Leon Bourgeois 1921 - Karl Hjalmar Branting Christian L. Lange 1922 - Fridtjof Nansen 1925 - Sir Austen Chamberlain Charles G. Dawes 1926 - Aristide Briand Gustav Stresemann 1927 - F. E. Buisson Ludwig Quidde 1929 - Frank B. Kellogg 1930 - Nathan Soderblom 1931 - Jane Addams Nicholas Murray Butler 1933 - Sir Norman Angell 1934 - Arthur Henderson 1935 - Carl von Ossietzky 1936 - Carlos Saavedra Lamas 1937 - E. A. R. Cecil, Viscount Cecil

36. Fifth Session Of The  Assembly leon jouhaux, Substitute Maurice Sarraut, Assistant Delegate Eduoard Herriot,Delegate Louis Loucheur, Assistant Delegate Joseph Paul Boncour, Delegate http://www.indiana.edu/~league/5thassemb.htm

Table of Assemblies Assembly Photos Fifth Assembly Geneva, September 1 - October 2, 1924 Counties Members Officers Abyssinia Albania Argentina Australia Austria Belgium Bolivia Brazil British Empire Bulgaria Canada Chile China Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Czechoslovakia Denmark Dominican Republic El Salvador Estonia Finland France Greece Guatemala Haiti Honduras Hungary India Ireland Italy Japan Latvia Liberia Lithuania Luxembourg Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Norway Panama Paraguay Persia Peru Poland Portugal Roumania Siam South Africa Spain Sweden Switzerland Uruguay Venezuela Yugoslavia Abyssinia (Ethiopia) Robert Linant de Bellefonds, Delegate Aba Wolo Ras Nadeou, Delegate Belaten Gueta Sahle Sedalou, Delegate Albania Mehmed Konitza, Delegate Louis Gurakuqi, Delegate Fan Stylien Noli, Delegate

37. Sixth Session Of The  Assembly leon jouhaux, Assistant Delegate Rene Samuel Cassin, Assistant Delegate LouisLoucheur, Substitute Jean Reveillaud, Assistant Delegate http://www.indiana.edu/~league/6thassemb.htm

Table of Assemblies Assembly Photos Sixth Assembly Geneva, September 7 - September 26, 1925 Counties Members Officers Abyssinia Albania Argentina Australia Austria Belgium Bolivia Brazil British Empire Bulgaria Canada Chile China Colombia Cuba Czechoslovakia Denmark Dominican Republic El Salvador Estonia Finland France Greece Guatemala Haiti Honduras Hungary India Ireland Italy Japan Latvia Liberia Lithuania Luxembourg Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Norway Panama Paraguay Persia Peru Poland Portugal Roumania Siam South Africa Spain Sweden Switzerland Uruguay Venezuela Yugoslavia Abyssinia (Ethiopia) Negadras Zelleka, Special Delegate Lidj Makonnen Endelkatchou, Special Delegate Tasfae Tagagne, Substitute Leonce Lagarde, Delegate Albania Ilias Vrioni, Delegate Xhemil Dino, Delegate

38. Ibis Paris Republique Hotel - Paris - Ibis Paris Republique Hotel Reviews - Trip Tell others what s hot and what s not. Paris Ibis Paris Republique 9 rue leonjouhaux Paris 75010 9 rue leon jouhaux, Paris 75010, France http://www.tripadvisor.com/Hotel_Review-g187147-d197652-Reviews-Ibis_Paris_Repub

Ibis Paris Republique Sign in Sign up Reviews of hotels and vacations Home Europe France ... Paris hotels Ibis Paris Republique Paris tourism: Overview Hotels Flights Attractions ... Maps, etc. Search Ibis Paris Republique (e.g., Boston hotels, Las Vegas, Paris art museum) Browse Paris tourism Paris hotels Flights to Paris Deals ... Paris vacation packages FREE News Letter Get deals, news and articles on Ibis Paris Republique Plus weekend trip ideas from your hometown Ibis Paris Republique Hotel Paris e-mail this page to a friend User reviews Write a review . What was your experience with Ibis Paris Republique? Tell others what's hot and what's not. Paris Ibis Paris Republique 9 rue Leon Jouhaux Paris 75010 France Deals on Paris hotels Hotel Lancaster Four Seasons Hotel George V Victoria Palace ... Paris hotels: 1471 - 1520 About TripAdvisor TripAdvisor provides unbiased reviews, articles, recommendations and opinions on Ibis Paris Republique Hotel , Paris. POPULARITY INDEX of 1520 hotels in Paris Compare rates with: Average price*: 9 rue Leon Jouhaux, Paris 75010, France Rooms: 67 TripAdvisor user rating: Call now to book: 1-800-434-6835 from hotels.com

39. Hotels In Paris - Reviews And Deals - TripAdvisor 9 rue leon jouhaux Paris 75010 France. Ibis Paris Republique Map this hotelExpedia.com Hotel photos Expedia.com http://www.tripadvisor.com/Hotels-g187147-oa320-Paris_Ile_de_France-Hotels.html

Hotels in Paris - Reviews and Deals Sign in Sign up Reviews of hotels and vacations Home Europe France ... Paris Paris hotels Paris tourism: Overview Hotels Flights Attractions ... Maps, etc. Search Hotels in Paris - Reviews and Deals (e.g., Paris hotels, Las Vegas, Paris art museum) Browse Paris tourism Paris hotels Flights to Paris Deals ... Paris vacation packages FREE News Letter Get deals, news and articles on Paris , including reviews of Paris hotels Plus weekend trip ideas from your hometown Paris Hotels: e-mail this page to a friend User reviews Write a review . What was your experience with Paris? Tell others what's hot and what's not. Deals on Paris hotels Hotel Lancaster Four Seasons Hotel George V Victoria Palace ... Paris hotels: 1521 - 1521 About TripAdvisor Sponsored links * Matching hotel deals: Paris hotels Paris : Hotel Deals from $122 Expedia.com Don't just travel. Travel right! Paris : Low Hotel Prices Made Easy Orbitz.com The faster, easier way to find the hotel you want. Just Orbitz and go! Paris : Great Prices, Great Rooms hotels.com We Know Hotels Inside And Out.

40. WE LIBERATED WHO S WHO leon jouhaux, secretary of the Confederation General de Travail. Mme. Alfred Cailliau,sister of General de Gaulle, and her hesband. http://www.acu.edu/academics/history/12ad/23atbx/cptlee.htm

WE LIBERATED WHO'S WHO Article from the Saturday Evening Post July 21, 1945 by Meyer Levin How a handful of Yanks staged a daring raid into Nazi territory, stormed a prison castle and rescued such prized hostages as ex-permiers Daladier and Reynaud, De Gaulle's sister, Generals Gamelin and Weygand. During the final weeks of the war in Europe, a favorite army sport was big-name hunting. Task forces composed a few jeeps and maybe an armored car would shoot forward through miles of uncleared territory to reach towns, prisons and castles where important persons would be known to be held. These rescue parties would return laden with liberated U.S. airmen, or French generals, or cousins of the Queen of England. They'd be towing a truckload of prisoners, and they'd be loaded down with Lugers. That was when things went well. Sometimes these liberation parties had, in turn, to be liberated by other liberation parties, and once or twice they didn't return at all. These task forces weren't merely out for the sport. They went out in advance of their main elements because one day was often the margin need for rescue. To the very last, the Germans were dragging important prisoners to the remotest mountains of the doubt area. They carried General de Gaulle's sister for several weeks, always one jump ahead of our troops, across the Rhine and from prison to prison southward to their last stopping place, the castle of Itter, in the Alps. They carried Leon Blum from Buchenwald to Dachau to another fastness, in the Italian Alps. And in those last days of the chase there was always the possibility that the Gestapo would assassinate their victims, in anger andfrustration. So, if the task force coulr reach a prison one day before the Germans thought we could possibly make it, our chances ofaffecting a rescue was greatly increased.

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