61. Fritz Haber - Biografie Rasscass Translate this page Kooperation Rasscass Wissen Bildung FOCUS Online in Kooperation mit MSN. http://biografien.focus.msn.de/templ/te_bio.php?PID=1243&RID=1

62. Haber, Fritz --  Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - Your Gateway To All Britann haber, fritz body German physical chemist. Biography of fritz haber. Includes the presentation speech outlining his achievements in this field by the http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9366384

Home Browse Store Help Search Britannica Concise Again Haber, Fritz Concise Encyclopedia Article Page 1 of 1 Fritz Haber born Dec. 9, 1868, Breslau, Silesia, Prussia died Jan. 29, 1934, Basel, Switz. German physical chemist. Haber-Bosch process for making ammonia. Intensely patriotic, he directed Germany's World War I chemical-warfare efforts, under which poison gas was introduced. His versatility and his wide-ranging and important work brought him fame and honour, and he was awarded a 1918 Nobel Prize. In 1933 the Nazi Party's anti-Semitic policies led him to resign as head (since 1911) of the Kaiser-Wilhelm Institute. var mm = [["Jan.","January"],["Feb.","February"],["Mar.","March"],["Apr.","April"],["May","May"],["June","June"],["July","July"],["Aug.","August"],["Sept.","September"],["Oct.","October"],["Nov.","November"],["Dec.","December"]]; To cite this page: MLA style: "Haber, Fritz." Britannica Concise Encyclopedia http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9366384 APA style: Haber, Fritz. ( Britannica Concise Encyclopedia . Retrieved http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9366384

63. Fritz Haber The PresentDay Significance of fritz haber. BY MORRIS GORAN. Roosevelt College, Chicago. It is surprising not to find fritz haber more popular in America, http://www.soils.wisc.edu/~barak/soilscience326/haber_amsci.htm

Reprinted by permission of American Scientist, magazine of Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society ( http://www.sigmaxi.org/amsci/amsci.html ). Permission granted for educational use only. Scanned for use in "Plant Nutrient Managment", an undergraduate course at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, by Phillip Barak ( pwbarak@facstaff.wisc.edu www.soils.wisc.edu/~barak/ Reprinted from American Scientist, July 1947, 35(3):400-403,306. The Present-Day Significance of Fritz Haber BY MORRIS GORAN Roosevelt College, Chicago It is surprising not to find Fritz Haber more popular in America, for he was the type of scientist who could be more idolized in the United States than he was in Germany. Besides possessing what might be called Yankee ingenuity, Haber had the practical insight, the grasp of theory, and the unfettered imagination sufficient to place him with the celebrated of any country during any period. His significance today lies not so much in this posthumous straddling of time and space, as it does in his prophetic vision and penetrating analyses. Haber has rightfully been called "the greatest authority in the world on the relations between scientific research and industry."

64. Theory Department, Fritz-Haber Institute Berlin http://www.fhi-berlin.mpg.de/th/th.html

65. Haber Process: Ammonia Production haber Process for the Production of Ammonia. In 1909 fritz haber established the conditions under which nitrogen, N2(g), and hydrogen, H2(g), would combine http://www.ausetute.com.au/haberpro.html

Uses and Production of Ammonia (Haber Process) Haber Process for the Production of Ammonia In 1909 Fritz Haber established the conditions under which nitrogen, N (g), and hydrogen, H (g), would combine using medium temperature (~500 o C) very high pressure (~250 atmospheres, ~351kPa) a catalyst (a porous iron catalyst prepared by reducing magnetite, Fe O Osmium is a much better catalyst for the reaction but is very expensive. This process produces an ammonia, NH (g), yield of approximately 10-20%. The Haber synthesis was developed into an industrial process by Carl Bosch. The reaction between nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas to produce ammonia gas is exothermic , releasing 92.4kJ/mol of energy at 298K (25 o C). N (g) nitrogen (g) hydrogen heat, pressure, catalyst (g) ammonia H = -92.4 kJ mol OR N (g) nitrogen (g) hydrogen heat, pressure, catalyst (g) ammonia + 92.4 kJ mol By Le Chetalier's Principle increasing the pressure causes the equilibrium position to move to the right resulting in a higher yeild of ammonia since there are more gas molecules on the left hand side of the equation (4 in total) than there are on the right hand side of the equation (2). Increasing the pressure means the system adjusts to reduce the effect of the change, that is, to reduce the pressure by having fewer gas molecules. decreasing the temperature causes the equilibrium position to move to the right resulting in a higher yield of ammonia since the reaction is exothermic (releases heat). Reducing the temperature means the system will adjust to minimise the effect of the change, that is, it will produce more heat since energy is a product of the reaction, and will therefore produce more ammonia gas as well

66. Fritz Haber (1868-1934) fritz haber was born in Bresla, in December 9th 1868, and died in Basle, Switzerland, in January 29th, 1934. haber studied in Berlin, Heidelberg, http://nautilus.fis.uc.pt/st2.5/scenes-e/biog/b0045.html

Fritz Haber (1868-1934) German chemist, winner of the Nobel Prize of Chemistry in 1918, for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements. Fritz Haber was born in Bresla, in December 9th 1868, and died in Basle, Switzerland, in January 29th, 1934. Haber studied in Berlin, Heidelberg, Charlottenburg and Karlsruhe. Taught Chemistry in the High Technique School of Karlsruhe until 1911, when he went to Berlin, as professor of Chemical-Physics at the University of Berlin and later as director of the Chemical-Physics Institute Kaiser Wilhelm. The research work made by Haber (1905-1911) on the equilibrium between nitrogen hydrogen and ammonia established the exact temperature and pressure, as well as the catalyst, that optimized the ammonia formation. Ammonia produced through this method could be transformed in nitric acid by oxidation, using the Ostwald process. This acid was then used in producing explosives and fertilizers. Carl Bosh developed the industrial stages for the Haber process. The perfection of the Haber-Bosh process encouraged Germany to enter in World War I. During the war, Haber led the chemical war and headed the first attack with chlorine gas in Ypres (1915). Hitler's regime ordered his exile due to his Jewish origins.

67. Haber, Fritz (1868-1934), Chimiste Allemand, Connu Pour La Mise Au Point D'un Pr http://isimabomba.free.fr/biographies/chimistes/haber.htm

Fritz Haber (1868-1934) C N L Karl Bosch LISTE HOME

68. Biografia De Haber, Fritz Translate this page haber, fritz. (1868-1934) Químico alemán, n. en Breslau y m. en Basilea. Estudió en las universidades de Berlín, Heidelberg, Zürich y Jena, http://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/h/haber.htm

Inicio Buscador Las figuras clave de la historia Reportajes Los protagonistas de la actualidad Haber, Fritz Inicio Buscador Recomendar sitio

69. Haber, Fritz :: Encyklopédia Www.ys.sk Online encyklopédia vydavatelstva Young Scientist. http://www.ys.sk/entry/1091462857.php

upperadd Vydavate¾stvo Young Scientist vyh¾adaj v encyklopédii encyklopédia ABCD... kontaktný formulár login heslo registrácia encyklopédia antikvariát Haber, Fritz Autor [Marián Olejár, Jr.] Pridané [02/08/04] Posledná zmena [02/08/04] On-line antikvariát beletria a odborné knihy z každej oblasti Kontextové odkazy pridaj svoj odkaz chemici: narodený: 9. 12. 1868, Vratislav zomrel: 29. 1. 1934, Bazilej Nemecký chemik a nosite¾ Nobelovej ceny. Študoval na univerzitách v Heidelbergu, Zürichu a Berlíne. V roku 1898 dostal miesto profesora v Polytechnickom ústave v Karlsruhe. Od 1911 bol vedúcim oddelenia fyzikálnej chémie v Ústave cisára Viliama v Berlíne. V 1918 dostal Nobelovu cenu za chémiu za syntézu amoniaku z vodíka a dusíka. Pred nacizmom emigroval do Švajèiarska. Syntézu vypracoval v rokoch 1908 a 1909. Carl Bosch jeho postupy upravil pre priemyselnú výrobu. Metóda bola nazvaná Haber-Boschova metóda. Fritz Haber sa da¾ej zaoberal elektrochémiou, organickou chémiou, termodynamikou, tuhými elektrolytmi, priekopník katalytických syntéz. grupoid encyklopédia spä hádanka H¾adanie v encyklopédii: H¾adanie na webe: Prepis, šírenie, kopírovanie alebo ïalšie sprístupnenie tohoto obsahu alebo jeho èasti iným osobám, a to akýmko¾vek spôsobom je bez predchádzajúceho písomného súhlasu zakázané.

70. Fritz Haber (1868-1934) And Albert Einstein (1879-1955) photo of fritz haber with Albert Einstein. Although a number of reports credit fritz haber with the synthesis MDMA in 1891, haber gained greatest http://mdma.net/fritz-haber/fritz-haber.html

Fritz Haber with Albert Einstein photo of Fritz Haber with Albert Einstein Although a number of reports credit Fritz Haber with the synthesis MDMA in 1891, Haber gained greatest recognition for his work on the fixation of nitrogen from air. Fritz Haber won the Nobel Prize in 1918 for the "synthesis of ammonia from its elements". The award of the prize was controversial. As head of the German Chemical Warfare Service during WWI, Haber had convinced the German Imperial Army to use gas-weapons he had devised as a means of breaking through Allied front-lines. Today, readers of the popular press and even mainstream scientific literature might find it hard to decide whether poison-gas or the deadly neurotoxin Ecstasy/MDMA pose a greater threat to human health. e-mail info@mdma.net Refs HOME MK-ULTA ... Alexander and Ann Shulgin

71. Fritz Haber Cyber encyclopedia of Jewish history and culture that covers everything from antiSemitism to Zionism. It includes a glossary, bibliography of web sites and http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Haber.html

Fritz Haber He was born in Breslau, Germany Nobel Prize in Chemistry for this work. The Haber-Bosch process was a milestone in industrial chemistry, because it divorced the production of nitrogen products, such as fertilizer, explosives and chemical feedstocks, from natural deposits, especially sodium nitrate ('Caliche'), of which Chile was a major producer. The sudden availability of cheap nitrogenous fertilizer is credited with averting a Malthusian catastrophe, or population crisis. He was also active in the research of combustion reactions, the separation of gold from sea water, adsorption effects, and electrochemistry. A large part of his work from 1911 to was done at the Institute for Physical and Electrochemistry at Berlin-Dahlem. Haber played a major role in the development of chemical warfare in World War I. Part of this work included the development of gas masks with absorbant filters. Gas warfare in WWI was, in a sense, the war of the chemists, with Haber pitted against French Nobel laureate chemist Victor Grignard. His wife opposed his work on poison gas and committed suicide with his service weapon after he personally oversaw the first use of chlorine in Ypres. In his studies of the effects of poison gas, Haber found a simple mathematical relationship between the concentration (C) of the gas and the amount of time (t) it was breathed in, expresed as C x t = k, where k is a constant. In other words, exposure to a low level of gas for a long time can cause the same result (e.g. death) as exposure to a high concentration for a short time. This relationship is known as Haber's rule. Haber defended gas warfare against accusations that it was inhumane, saying that death was death, by whatever means it was inflicted. In the 1920s, he developed the cyanide gas formualtion

72. Fritz Haber Men in fritz haber generation believe very strongly in progress and fritz haber did not have any reason in mind when his research about ammonia and its http://www.ceemast.csupomona.edu/nova/haber.html

Fritz Haber He was born on December 9,1868 in Breslau, Germany. He was the son of a prosperous German chemical merchant Siegfried Haber and Paula Haber; his mother died during childbirth. He was an only child during his first nine years of his life, and then his father married again. Fritz came to love his stepmother and as an expression of his feeling gave her white lilacs every Christmastime. Fritz has three sisters that gave him affection, even though he always was ten years older than his eldest stepsister. When he was old enough for formal schooling, Fritz was enrolled at the Volksschule, or formal school. After three years he went to the St. Elizabeth Gymnasium for nine years. The curriculum there centered about the humanities. The students were required to learn Latin, Greek, Literature, and Philosophy. The little science taught was a mixture of religion, philosophy, and nature study called history. As a consequence, Fritz developed an interest in literature and philosophy that he maintained throughout his life. Gothie became his favorite poet and Kant his favorite philosopher. Men in Fritz Haber generation believe very strongly in progress and enlightenment through the acquisition of culture. Fritz enrolled in the University of Berlin when he was almost eighteen years old. The university was the home of scientist and scholars as Helmhots who was a lucid thinker about the philosophy and methodology of science as well as physicist and physiologist.

73. AllRefer.com - Fritz Haber (Chemistry, Biography) - Encyclopedia AllRefer.com reference and encyclopedia resource provides complete information on fritz haber, Chemistry, Biographies. Includes related research links. http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/H/Haber-Fr.html

AllRefer Channels :: Health Yellow Pages Reference Weather September 15, 2005 Medicine People Places History ... Maps Web AllRefer.com You are here : AllRefer.com Reference Encyclopedia Chemistry, Biographies ... Fritz Haber By Alphabet : Encyclopedia A-Z H Fritz Haber, Chemistry, Biographies Related Category: Chemistry, Biographies Fritz Haber u r] Pronunciation Key Haber process for synthesizing ammonia from its elements. He also did studies of autoxidation and pyrolysis. See biography by M. H. Goran (1967). Topics that might be of interest to you: Haber process Related Categories: People Science and Technology Science and Technology Chemistry ... Biographies More articles from AllRefer Reference on Fritz Haber SITE MAPS Encyclopedia US Gazetteer: US States A-C US States D-H US States I-L US States M ... Countries A-Z Content on this web site is provided for informational purposes only. We accept no responsibility for any loss, injury or inconvenience sustained by any person resulting from information published on this site. We encourage you to verify any critical information with the relevant authorities. About Us Contact Us Privacy Links Directory ... Link to AllRefer.com

74. Anecdote - Fritz Haber - Haber Process Anecdotes, Famous People. Funny Stories. Anecdotes from Gates to Yeats. http://www.anecdotage.com/index.php?aid=4135

75. Review: Enriching The Earth: Fritz Haber, Carl Bosch, And The Transformation Of Enriching the Earth fritz haber, Carl Bosch, and the Transformation of World Food Production. Cambridge, MA The MIT Press, 2001. 338 pp. http://egj.lib.uidaho.edu/egj17/streatfeild1.html

Issue 17 December 2002 ISSN: 1076-7975 Review: Enriching the Earth: Fritz Haber, Carl Bosch, and the Transformation of World Food Production By Vaclav Smil Reviewed by Rosemary A. Streatfeild Washington State University, USA Vaclav Smil. Enriching the Earth: Fritz Haber, Carl Bosch, and the Transformation of World Food Production. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2001. 338 pp. ISBN 0-262-19449-X (hardcover). US$34.95. Alkaline paper. Vaclav Smil admits in the postscript of this book that he had planned originally to write a biography of Fritz Haber. He does in fact include a summary of both Haber's and Carl Bosch’s lives in the postscript, but the book itself is dedicated to the discovery, marketing, and consequences of the synthesis of ammonia. The book is interdisciplinary; with individual chapters being of interest to specific groups, but with its historical overview will appeal to a wide group of readers. Enriching the Earth follows Smil’s previous books that address the world's energy needs, ecology, and food production. The goal of his previous work

76. Scientific Activities: The Fritz Haber Center For Physical Chemistry The fritz haber Center supports various scientific activities in the fields of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics. The support of the Center is given http://www.weizmann.ac.il/acadsec/Scientific_Activities/current/fritz_haber_cent

The Fritz Haber Center for Physical Chemistry Shimon Vega, Director The Joseph and Marian Robbins Chair The Fritz Haber Center supports various scientific activities in the fields of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics. The support of the Center is given directly to research groups to help initiate new endeavors and for ongoing activities. The support is usually dedicated to the purchase of new scientific equipment, upgrade of operating laboratories and extension of existing experimental systems. In 2003/2004 the Center supported the design and purchase of the following scientific equipment: Vacuum diagnostic equipment for the study of the coherent control of electronic branching ratios. An analytical balance supporting the preparation of Au, Pd and Ag nanoparticles and Au nanorods. Automatic scanning hardware for a completely automatic single-molecule spectrometer. An aerodynamic particle sizer (APS) for a cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) spectrometer. An RF power transmitter for new solid state proton-NMR experiments. A modern vaccum system used for research on micro- and mesoporous materials for dehydration, rehydration and adsorption.

77. Einstein Archives Online - Contents Of Folder 12-6 Translate this page 12-307.00, 07/01/1914, Photo of haber, fritz, and Albert Einstein haber, fritz, Get publication information for item (The Collected Papers of Albert http://www.alberteinstein.info/db/ViewFolder.do?folder=12-6

78. Einstein Archives Online - Contents Of Folder 36-5 Translate this page 36-216.00, 03/09/1921, haber, fritz, Einstein, Albert. Get full record from archival database, 36-217.00, 03/09/1921, Einstein, Albert, haber, fritz http://www.alberteinstein.info/db/ViewFolder.do?folder=36-5

79. Master Mind: The Rise And Fall Of Fritz Haber, The Nobel Laureate Who Launched T Book Review of Master Mind The Rise and Fall of fritz haber, the Nobel Laureate Who Launched the Age of Chemical Warfare by Daniel Charles in archive of http://www.fredbortz.com/review/MasterMind.htm

Review of Master Mind: The Rise and Fall of Fritz Haber, the Nobel Laureate Who Launched the Age of Chemical Warfare by Daniel Charles (Ecco, 336 pages, $24.95, August, 2005) Reviewed by Dr. Fred Bortz Return to Science Shelf Home Page please contact the author by e-mail The Science Shelf now offers a monthly newsletter and a twice monthly e-mail update to tell you about new books and features added to the site. If you add your e-mail address to the Science Shelf mailing list , please be assured it will be not be shared with anyone or used for any other purpose exept to mail you information about the website. Read the Science Shelf review of Hitler's Scientists: Science, War, and the Devil's Pact by John Cornwell "It's possible to walk in Fritz Haber's footsteps without knowing it, for the trail is rarely marked." So Daniel Charles begins Master Mind: The Rise and Fall of Fritz Haber, the Nobel Laureate Who Launched the Age of Chemical Warfare , inviting readers to explore a nearly forgotten pathway that leads to where, exactly? And that is precisely the point. Even as Fritz Haber blazed that now faded trail guided by determination and purpose, even as he passed milestones that had once seemed beyond his reach, even as he left behind one identity in the quest to achieve another, he was approaching an unseen precipice.

80. WebWeekly - Upcoming: Military Research And Scientific Responsibility: Rememberi fritz haber, a brilliant scientist in the field of physical chemistry, Despite all this, fritz haberalong with many members of the German elitelent http://webweekly.hms.harvard.edu/archive/2002/4_8/student_scene.html

Focus Upcoming Student Scene Spotlight Upcoming April 8, 2002 Photo by Jeff Cleary Military Research and Scientific Responsibility: Remembering Fritz Haber A few months ago when many people feared that the attack on the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center would be followed soon by terrorist attacks with chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons, I remembered one of my biochemistry lectures in Berlin several years ago. On a dark and cold evening, our professor, a neurochemist, decided to take us for a walk and tell us about the history of the surrounding institutes. Just a few steps from the lecture hall, we stopped in front of the Fritz Haber Institute of Physical Chemistry, one of Berlin's Max Planck Institutes. Fritz Haber, a brilliant scientist in the field of physical chemistry, found a way to fix nitrogen from the air. Under high pressure and in the presence of a catalyst, nitrogen and hydrogen gas react to produce ammonia. Haber's colleague Carl Bosch later adjusted the reaction conditions for large-scale use in the chemical industry. Suddenly, massive quantities of fertilizers could be produced, and importing guano from remote places such as South America became unnecessary. Haber was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1918. Bosch (along with Friedrich Bergius) received the same award in 1931. Mixing Science and Politics Haber, who considered himself a German patriot, was already a prominent scientist and the director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Physical Chemistry in Berlin (now the Fritz Haber Institute) when World War I broke out. Before the war, Germany's emperor, Wilhelm II, had ruled his country with an iron fist. He entered a maritime arms race with the U.K. and was trying to turn his country into a colonial empire. During this period, Wilhelm's generals brutally crushed the Hereo uprising in the new German colony of Namibia and the Boxer rebellion in China, where Germany possessed the small colony of Qingdao (Tsingtao). Despite all this, Fritz Haberalong with many members of the German elitelent his support to Emperor Wilhelm II and the German army.

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