21. Robert Furchgott furchgott, RF (1983). Role of endothelium in responses of vascular smooth muscle . furchgott, RF (1988). Studies on relaxation of rabbit aorta by sodium http://www.hscbklyn.edu/pharmacology/furch.htm

The Nature of the Endothelium-Derived Relaxing Factor Our research includes studies on the mechanisms by which various vasodilators, both endothelium-dependent and independent, and near ultraviolet radiation produce relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. Also, we are investigating whether the endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) is simply nitric oxide or a mixture of substances. In 1980, we reported that endothelial cells have an obligatory role in the relaxation of arteries by acetylcholine (ACh) and related muscarinic agonists, and that the relaxation results from the stimulation by the muscarinic agonist of the release from the endothelial calls of a very labile diffusible factor which acts on the adjacent smooth muscle cells to cause their relaxation. This factor was called the endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). Within a short time, a number of other endothelium-dependent vasodilators were found. EDRF released from endothelial cells was shown to activate soluble guanylyl cyclase in the smooth muscle cells, giving rise to an increase in cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), which appeared to have a causal role in producing the relaxation. Although some very potent scavengers of EDRF, such as hemoglobin (Hb) and the superoxide anion (O ) were discovered, the chemical nature of EDRF eluded identification until 1986, when it was proposed independently by us and by one other investigator at an international conference that EDRF is nitric oxide (NO). Within two years after that, other laboratories had demonstrated that the NO synthesized in endothelial cells is a product of the action of a calcium/calmodulin dependent oxygenase, nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which oxidizes a guanidinium nitrogen of L-arginine to yield NO and citrulline (see Fig. 1).

22. About Dr. Furchgott About Dr. robert F. furchgott Dr. robert Fuchgott is a remarkable scientist Please make a gift to the robert F. furchgott, PhD, Chair in Pharmacology or http://www.hscbklyn.edu/giving/furchgott.html

Home Funds and Endowments Dr. Furchgott Endowed Chair About Dr. Furchgott About Dr. Robert F. Furchgott Little wonder that Science Please make a gift to the Robert F. Furchgott, PhD, Chair in Pharmacology or the Robert Furchgott Society using our Giving Online page. 450 Clarkson Ave / Brooklyn, NY 11203 Box 93 / Tel: 718 270-4418 l SUNY Downstate l Library l e-Courses l News and Events l l Travel Directions l Site Map l Search l e-Mail l

23. Robert F. Furchgott Winner Of The 1998 Nobel Prize In Medicine robert F. furchgott, a Nobel Prize Laureate in Physiology and Medicine, at theNobel Prize Internet Archive. http://almaz.com/nobel/medicine/1998a.html

R OBERT F F URCHGOTT 1998 Nobel Laureate in Medicine for his discovery concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system. Background Born: June 4, 1916 Place of birth: Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A. Residence: Brooklyn, NY, U.S.A. Affiliation:Department of Pharmacology, Box 29, SUNY Health Science Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA Book Store Books on Nitric Oxide Books on Viagra Featured Internet Links Prize co-recipient: Louis J. Ignarro Prize co-recipient: Ferid Murad Official award announcement and background Illustrated Presentation ... PubMedline search results for nitric oxide and cardiovascular system Search WWW Search The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Links added by Nobel Internet Archive visitors Winner of the 1991 Gairdner Foundation International Award Viagra connection Psychiatry, Psychopharmacology, Molecular Biophysics, Medical Genetics (submitted by Mekhti M. KULIEV Psychiatry, Psychopharmacology, Molecular Biophysics, Medical Genetics (submitted by Mekhti M. KULIEV

24. MSN Encarta - Furchgott, Robert F. furchgott, robert F., born in 1916, American pharmacologist and winner of the1998 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine. furchgott helped demonstrate http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_1741502267/Furchgott_Robert_F.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Subscription Article MSN Encarta Premium: Get this article, plus 60,000 other articles, an interactive atlas, dictionaries, thesaurus, articles from 100 leading magazines, homework tools, daily math help and more for $4.95/month or $29.95/year (plus applicable taxes.) Learn more. This article is exclusively available for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers. Already a subscriber? Sign in above. Furchgott, Robert F. Furchgott, Robert F. , born in 1916, American pharmacologist and winner of the 1998 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine. Furchgott helped demonstrate... Related Items see also Nobel Prizes co-winners of Nobel Prize 3 items Multimedia 2 items Want more Encarta? Become a subscriber today and gain access to: Daily Math Help Literature Guides Researcher Tools Paper-Writing Guides 60,000 + articles Interactive Atlas Magazine Center Find more about Furchgott, Robert F. from Related Items Other Features from Encarta Nobel Prizes Search Encarta for Furchgott, Robert F.

25. Candidates Congratulates Dr. robert F. furchgott upon his having been awarded the In 1980, Dr. furchgott published his discovery of endotheliumderived relaxing http://www.downstate.edu/Nobel Prize/dr._furchgott.htm

SUNY Downstate Congratulates Dr. Robert F. Furchgott upon his having been awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine. SUNY Downstate Celebrates this historic event! In 1980, Dr. Furchgott published his discovery of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), a mysterious chemical in the inner linings of the arteries that controls the artery's widening and narrowing. By 1986, he had worked out EDRF's nature and mechanism and, from his 6th floor lab at the SUNY Health Science Center at Brooklyn, announced that EDRF was in fact the tiny molecule nitric oxide (NO).Between those years, laboratories around the globe were detailing EDRF's importance in the body's physiology, from regulating blood pressure to preventing blood clots. Dr. Furchgott's work in the laboratory is now helping doctors save lives. Further Reading Diploma A utobiography Biography ... Congratulations letter from Governer George E. Pataki Web site design: Biomedical Communications Last updated: Wednesday, January 26, 2005 l SUNY Downstate l Library l PRIME l News and Events l l Travel Directions l Site Map l Search l e-mail l

26. National Academy Of Sciences - Members furchgott, robert F. State University of New York Downstate Medical Center.furchgott has made fundamental contributions to drugreceptor theory, http://www4.nationalacademies.org/nas/naspub.nsf/(urllinks)/NAS-58N355?opendocum

27. History The NAS Building Legal Documents Giving To The National Fenno, Richard F., Jr. Ferejohn, John A. Ferreira, Sergio Henrique Fulton,William Fung, YuanCheng B. Fung, Inez Y. furchgott, robert F. http://www4.nationalacademies.org/nas/naspub.nsf/urllinks/$$AlphaListF?OpenDocum

28. Nobel Prizes: Information From Answers.com Daniel C. Tsui, robert F. furchgott Louis J. Ignarro Ferid Murad, José Saramago.1999, Doctors Without Borders, Ahmed H. Zewail, Martinus JG Veltman http://www.answers.com/topic/nobel-prizes

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29. Dr. Robert F. Furchgott, Nobel Laureate Dr. robert F. furchgott. SUNY Health Science Center at Brooklyn In 1980, Dr.furchgott published his discovery of endotheliumderived relaxing factor http://www.rfsuny.org/50_anniversary/nobel_laureates/Furchgott.htm

Dr. Robert F. Furchgott SUNY Health Science Center at Brooklyn Dr. Furchgott was awarded the 1998 Nobel Prize in Medicine for his discoveries concerning "nitric oxide as a signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system." In 1980, Dr. Furchgott published his discovery of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), a mysterious chemical in the inner linings of the arteries that controls the artery’s widening and narrowing. Six years later, he identified EDRF as nitric oxide. Dr. Furchgott’s findings opened up a new area of research, which is contributing much to our understanding of cardiovascular physiology and is helping doctors save lives.

30. Furchgott, Robert F. --  Encyclopædia Britannica furchgott, robert F. American pharmacologist who, along with Louis J. Ignarro andFerid Murad, was coawarded the 1998 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?tocId=9117800

31. Engle, Robert F. --  Encyclopædia Britannica Engle, robert F. American economist, corecipient of the Nobel Prize for Economics furchgott, robert F. American pharmacologist who, along with Louis J. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9398571

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Robert F. Engle Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products Engle, Robert F. Page 1 of 1 Robert F. Engle born November 1942, Syracuse, New York, U.S. American economist, corecipient of the Nobel Prize for Economics in 2003 for his development of methods for analyzing time series data with time-varying volatility. He shared the award with Clive W.J. Granger Engle, Robert F.... (75 of 306 words) var mm = [["Jan.","January"],["Feb.","February"],["Mar.","March"],["Apr.","April"],["May","May"],["June","June"],["July","July"],["Aug.","August"],["Sept.","September"],["Oct.","October"],["Nov.","November"],["Dec.","December"]]; To cite this page: MLA style: "Engle, Robert F.."

32. Robert F. Furchgott: A Pharmacologist's Pharmacologist -- 4 (2): 74 -- Molecular robert F. furchgott A Pharmacologist’s Pharmacologist. robert furchgott generallydescribes his contributions to pharmacology largely as the result of http://molinterv.aspetjournals.org/cgi/content/full/4/2/74

HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ... TABLE OF CONTENTS QUICK SEARCH: [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year: Vol: Page: Molecular Interventions American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 10.1124/mi.4.2.2 This Article Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Related articles in MI Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal ... Download to citation manager PubMed PubMed Citation Crosstalk Robert Furchgott generally describes his contributions to pharmacology "accidents" just waiting to happen, and he speaks of his "good luck" in stumbling upon the work that led, in 1998, to bestowal of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (to Furchgott, as well as to Louis Ignarro and Ferid Murad). If you read any of the biographical material available on Furchgott, however, it is clear that such "accidents" could have easily been dismissed by minds any less prepared or less enthusiastic for research. (For an autobiographical sketch, see

33. Robert F. Furchgott: A Pharmacologist's Pharmacologist -- 4 (2): 74 -- Molecular http://molinterv.aspetjournals.org/cgi/reprint/4/2/74

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34. Famous South Carolinians - Scientists - Robert Furchgott furchgott, robert F. robert furchgott is an American pharmacologist who, alongwith Louis J. Ignarro and Ferid Murad, was coawarded the 1998 Nobel Prize in http://sciway3.net/2001/famous-sc/robert_furchgott.html

Home Educators Government Officials Medical Researchers ... Athletes Furchgott, Robert F. Robert Furchgott is an American pharmacologist who, along with Louis J. Ignarro and Ferid Murad, was co-awarded the 1998 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery and demonstration that nitric oxide can act as a signaling molecule. His efforts were a major part in uncovering an entirely new mechanism by which blood vessels in the body relax and widen. His research and contributions opened an active field of research into the behavior of nitric oxide. Furchgott was born on June 4, 1916 in Charleston, SC and lived there until the age of thirteen. In 1929, his family decided to move to Orangeburg, SC. Later, in 1937, Furchgott received his B.S. in chemistry from the University of North Carolina and in 1940 he received his Ph.D. in biochemistry from Northwestern University. He joined SUNY-Brooklyn's department of pharmacology in 1956, a position he held until 1988, when he became an adjunct professor at the University of Miami School of Medicine in Florida. Furchgott was able to demonstrate that cells in the endothelium, or inner lining, of blood vessels produce a signaling molecule. The molecule, which he named endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) signals smooth muscle cells in blood vessel walls to relax, dilating the vessels. The research done by Furchgott was very important in the development of the highly successful anti-impotence drug sildenafil citrate, more commonly known as Viagra. Researchers have suggested that nitric oxide could be a key to improved treatments for heart disease, shock, and cancer.

35. Robert F. Furchgott 1916 - Loius J. Ignarro 1941 - Ferid Murad 1936 robert F. furchgott was born in Charleston, South Carolina in 1916, with an innateinterest in biology and science. He attended both the Universities of http://history.nih.gov/exhibits/rodbell/1_Furchgott_Ignarro_Murad.htm

S cientists build on each other's work. Furchgott, while studying the effects of drugs on blood vessels, discovered that blood vessels dilate when their surface cells (the endothelium) signal the muscle cells to relax, using a molecule he called "endothelium-derived relaxing factor" or EDRF. Murad noticed that nitroglycerin (which dilates blood vessels) releases the gas nitric oxide (NO) which relaxes the smooth muscles. Ignarro also analyzed EDRF and discovered at the same time as Furchgott that EDRF was truly NO. This was the first evidence that a gas may act as a signal molecule. NO has recently been found to be important in fighting infections, regulating blood pressure, and activating brain functions. For more information about their work, see www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1998/press.html "I think that my greatest pleasure has come from each first demonstration in my laboratory that experiments designed to test a new hypothesis developed to explain some earlier, often puzzling or paradoxical finding, have given results consistent with the hypothesis." Robert F. Furchgott, Les Prix Nobel, 1998 Robert F. Furchgott was born in Charleston, South Carolina in 1916, with an innate interest in biology and science. He attended both the Universities of South and North Carolina and did his Ph.D. work at Northwestern University in Chicago. He worked at Cornell University Medical College on phosphates, Washington University in St. Louis on smooth muscles, and at Suny Medical Center in Brooklyn on the relaxation of blood vessels. For more about Furchgott, see

36. Robert F. Furchgott 1916, Louis J. Ignarro 1941, Ferid Murad 1936 Photo of robert F. furchgott Scientists build on each other s work. furchgott,while studying the effects of drugs on blood vessels, discovered that blood http://history.nih.gov/exhibits/rodbell/text/1_Furchgott_Ignarro_Murad.htm

Home The Nobel Prize and Hormones A Knowledge Revolution The First Step : Isolating Single Cells Robdell's Inspiration : Sutherland's Second Messenger A New Model for Message Transmission : Discovering the Role of GTP A Far-ranging Impact Cholera Inherited Night Blindness McCune Albrights Syndrome ... Acknowledgement Robert F. Furchgott: S cientists build on each other's work. Furchgott, while studying the effects of drugs on blood vessels, discovered that blood vessels dilate when their surface cells (the endothelium) signal the muscle cells to relax, using a molecule he called "endothelium-derived relaxing factor" or EDRF. Murad noticed that nitroglycerin (which dilates blood vessels) releases the gas nitric oxide (NO) which relaxes the smooth muscles. Ignarro also analyzed EDRF and discovered at the same time as Furchgott that EDRF was truly NO. This was the first evidence that a gas may act as a signal molecule. NO has recently been found to be important in fighting infections, regulating blood pressure, and activating brain functions. For more information about their work, see www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1998/press.html

37. Articles And Editorials furchgott, robert F. Articles and editorials. Research Honor Goes to the BrooklynSide, S12573 14OC. Remarks in House. Nobel Prize recogniton for http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?i105:I04090:i105FRANKLIN.html

38. Articles And Editorials furchgott, robert F. recipient for physiology or medicine, S12573 14OC.Immigration percentage of US winners who are immigrants, S12734 20OC http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?i105:I08227:i105NICKLES.html

39. Furchgott, Robert F. furchgott, robert F. (1916) The reason for the move was that the furchgottdepartment store in Charleston, which had been started by my grandfather and http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/F/Furchgott/Furc

Furchgott, Robert F. Early education Within the first couple of years of high school, I knew that I would like to be a scientist. My parents were encouraging: they gave me chemistry sets and a small microscope as presents. I liked to read popular books about scientists, although there were not many available at that time. My father subscribed to the Sunday New York Times, in which there was often a column on science that I found very exciting. During the four years that I was in high school, my older brother Arthur was at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. I wanted to attend college there also, but that was not possible when I finished high school in 1933 because tuition for me, as an out-of-state resident, was more than my father could afford at that time. So I spent my freshman year at the University of South Carolina, where my tuition was much less. However, by the summer of 1934, my father moved his business from Orangeburg to Goldsboro, N.C., where he felt that the local economy was better. So now, as a resident of North Carolina, I was able to register at the University at Chapel Hill as a sophomore majoring in chemistry. Northwestern and Cold Spring Harbor (1937-1940) Before I went to Chicago, I worked for two summer months in 1937 for Eastern Airlines at the Philadelphia airport - a job which my older brother Arthur, who was employed by that airline, helped me obtain. The job allowed me to save some money and also allowed me free air travel to Chicago. That helped a lot since my stipend as a teaching assistant at Northwestern was only $50 a month for a nine-month academic year. When I arrived in Chicago, it had already been arranged for me to share a room with two more advanced graduate students. Living in Chicago was quite a change from living in the Carolinas. When I would walk to work in the winter from our rooming house, which was about a mile from the medical school, the chill wind whipping in from Lake Michigan along Chicago Avenue was quite an experience for a Southern boy.

40. Robert Furchgott, Ph.D. robert F. furchgott, Ph.D. Distinguished University Professor. Ph.D., NorthwesternUniversity, 1940 furchgor@musc.edu Tel 843792-9340 Fax 843-792-2475 http://www2.musc.edu/pharm/furchgott.html

pharmacology home faculty home Warren Davis Jr., Ph.D. Perry V. Halushka, M.D., Ph.D. ... Jerry G. Webb, Ph.D. Robert F. Furchgott, Ph.D. Distinguished University Professor Ph.D., Northwestern University, 1940 furchgor@musc.edu Tel: 843-792-9340 Fax: 843-792-2475 SUNY Downstate Medical University Autobiography Publications Dr. Furchgott was born in Charleston, South Carolina. He received a B.S. degree in chemistry from the University of North Carolina in 1937 and a Ph.D. degree in biochemistry from Northwestern University in 1940. He taught at the Cornell University College of Medicine in the Department of Pharmacology from 1949-1956. Dr. Furchgott served as professor and chairman of the Department of Pharmacology at the State University of New York Downstate Medical Center (now SUNY Health Science Center at Brooklyn) from 1956-1982, and is presently distinguished professor emeritus. Dr. Furchgott is recognized for his research in drug-receptor theory, autonomic neuroeffector mechanisms, and vascular pharmacology and physiology. He performed seminal experiments which led to the identification of nitric oxide as a key signaling component from endothelial cells, influencing smooth muscle cell relaxation. Dr. Furchgott was presented with the Nobel Prize in Medicine in Stockholm, Sweden on December 10, 1998. In 2001, he was appointed Distinguished University Professor at the Medical University of South Carolina.

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