21. FLEMING Sir Alexander fleming sir alexander. Last updated 21.10.2004 090158. Sir Alexander Flemingbyl skotský mikrobiolog, žijící v letech 1881 1955. http://nobelsoftware.com/vedci/flem.htm

Last updated: 21.10.2004 09:01:58 Sir Alexander Fleming byl skotský mikrobiolog, žijící v letech 1881 - 1955. V roce 1928 uveøejnil zprávu o vlivu filtrátu z askomycety Penicilinum notatum na zastavení rùstu kultur mikrobù. Na využití objevu pracovalo za druhé svìtové války nìkolik desítek vìdeckých týmù biochemikù a lékaøù z USA a Velké Británie. Po izolaci látky byly provedeny základní pokusy na zvíøatech i lidech a byla zajištìna výroba prvního antibiotika. Zjistilo se pøitom, že jde o nìkolik látek s podobnou základní strukturou. Byly odlišeny jako penicilín F, G, K, H, V aj. Flemingovi a dalším dvìma nejvýznamnìjším badatelùm, kterými byli britský lékaø sir Howard Walter Flory (1898 - 1968) a britský biochemik Ernst Boris Chain (1906 - 1979) byla udìlena v roce 1945 Nobelova cena za fyziologii a medicínu. Syntéza penicilínu se zdaøila v roce 1957. Optimální rozlišení - 1024x768, minimálnì 800x600. © Michal Bachman, 200 Veškeré ohlasy prosím sem

22. The My Hero Project - Sir Alexander Fleming A studentfriendly biography of the man who discovered penicillin, along with related links. http://www.myhero.com/myhero/hero.asp?hero=a_fleming

23. Medicine 1945 sir alexander fleming, Ernst Boris Chain, sir Howard Walter Florey. sir alexanderfleming, Ernst Boris Chain, sir Howard Walter Florey http://nobelprize.org/medicine/laureates/1945/

HOME SITE HELP ABOUT SEARCH ... EDUCATIONAL The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1945 "for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases" Sir Alexander Fleming Ernst Boris Chain Sir Howard Walter Florey 1/3 of the prize 1/3 of the prize 1/3 of the prize United Kingdom United Kingdom Australia London University London, United Kingdom University of Oxford Oxford, United Kingdom University of Oxford Oxford, United Kingdom b. 1881 (in Lochfield, Scotland) d. 1955 b. 1906 (in Berlin, Germany) d. 1979 b. 1898 d. 1968 The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1945 Presentation Speech Educational Sir Alexander Fleming ... Banquet Speech The 1945 Prize in: Physics Chemistry Physiology or Medicine Literature ... Peace Find a Laureate: Nobelprize.org Get to know all 770 Prize Winners! » Games and Simulations » SITE FEEDBACK ... TELL A FRIEND Last modified April 14, 2005

24. Sir Alexander Fleming Winner Of The 1945 Nobel Prize In Medicine sir alexander fleming, a Nobel Prize Laureate in Physiology and Medicine, at theNobel Prize Internet Archive. http://almaz.com/nobel/medicine/1945a.html

S IR A LEXANDER F LEMING 1945 Nobel Laureate in Medicine for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases. Background Place of Birth: Lochfield, Scotland Residence: Great Britain Affiliation: London University Book Store Books about Alexander Fleming Featured Internet Links Prize co-recipient: Sir Ernst Boris Chain Prize co-recipient: Lord Howard Walter Florey Presentation speech Biography Search WWW Search The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Links added by Nobel Internet Archive visitors Alexander Flemin picture and short life story (submitted by S. Nielsen Fleming and luck in research (submitted by Prof Ian Kennedy Information on Alexander Fleming (submitted by Stingy His younger life and how he got involved in medicine (submitted by Mademoiselle Aqua) Sir Alexander Fleming story (submitted by Danielle Fleming Alexander Fleming Laboratory Museum education (submitted by Kevin Brown, Alexander Fleming Laboratory Museum Curator TIME 100 - Scientists and Thinkers - Alexander Fleming (submitted by Yuran Lu All about Alexander Fleming: biography, his work and many other information.

25. BBC - History - Sir Alexander Fleming (1881 - 1955) Biography of alexander fleming, the man who discovered penicillin. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/fleming_alexander.shtml

@import url('/includes/tbenh.css') ; Home TV Radio Talk ... A-Z Index THURSDAY 15th September 2005 Text only BBC Homepage History Homepage Topics Ancient Resources Interactive Content Reading Room Timelines Historic Figures ... History for Kids Practical History Archaeology Family History History Trails Community Messageboard Newsletter About This Site About the BBC ... Help Like this page? Send it to a friend! Sir Alexander Fleming (1881 - 1955) Fleming was a farmer's son from Ayrshire in Scotland. He moved to London at the age of 13 and later trained as a doctor. In 1928 Fleming was research assistant to Sir Almroth Wright working on bacteria. He accidentally discovered a mould on a set of culture dishes, which were being used to grow the staphylococci germ (which turns wounds septic). Fleming noticed that where there was mould the germs had stopped developing. It was one of Fleming's colleagues who identified the mould as penicillin. Fleming subsequently tested the penicillin on animals, with no ill effects, and also used it to cure a colleague's eye infection. After his initial discovery, Fleming did little more than keep a supply of the mould and return to his routine work. It was the scientists Howard Florey and Ernst Chain who developed penicillin further. Florey and Chain were chiefly responsible for the research which led to its success as a drug, although Fleming took most of the credit for the discovery and its subsequent development.

26. BBC - H2g2 - Sir Alexander Fleming h2g2 is the unconventional guide to life, the universe and everything, a guidethat s written by visitors to the website, creating an organic and evolving http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A354656

27. MSN Encarta - Alexander Fleming Search for books and more related to fleming, sir alexander Great books aboutyour topic, fleming, sir alexander, selected by Encarta editors http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761566021/Alexander_Fleming.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Upgrade your Encarta Experience Spend less time searching and more time learning. Learn more Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Related Items antibiotic research by Fleming context of early 20th century science more... Further Reading Editors' picks for Fleming, Sir Alexander Search for books and more related to Fleming, Sir Alexander Encarta Search Search Encarta about Fleming, Sir Alexander Editors' Picks Great books about your topic, Fleming, Sir Alexander ... Click here Advertisement document.write(' Fleming, Sir Alexander Encyclopedia Article Multimedia 1 item Fleming, Sir Alexander (1881-1955), British bacteriologist and Nobel laureate, best known for his discovery of penicillin . Born near Darvel, Scotland, and educated at Saint Mary's Hospital Medical School of the University of London, he served as professor of bacteriology at St. Mary's Hospital Medical School from 1928 to 1948, when he became professor emeritus. Fleming conducted outstanding research in bacteriology, chemotherapy, and immunology. In 1922 he discovered lysozyme, an antiseptic found in tears, body secretions, albumen, and certain fish plants. His discovery of penicillin came about accidentally in 1928 in the course of research on influenza. His observation that the mold contaminating one of his culture plates had destroyed the bacteria laid the basis for the development of penicillin therapy (

28. MSN Encarta - Multimedia - Sir Alexander Fleming British bacteriologist sir alexander fleming won the 1945 Nobel Prize in physiologyor medicine. fleming discovered penicillin. © The Nobel Foundation http://encarta.msn.com/media_461532483_761577894_-1_1/Sir_Alexander_Fleming.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Multimedia from Encarta Go to article View all multimedia Appears in Sir Alexander Fleming British bacteriologist Sir Alexander Fleming won the 1945 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine. Fleming discovered penicillin. © The Nobel Foundation Appears in these articles: Fleming, Sir Alexander; Antibiotics Exclusively for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers. Join Now © 2005 Microsoft MSN Privacy Legal Advertise Feedback ... Help

29. Alexander Fleming: Biography And Much More From Answers.com fleming, sir alexander sir alexander fleming Library of Congress b. Lochfield,Scotland, August 6, 1881, d. http://www.answers.com/topic/alexander-fleming

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Scientist Dictionary Encyclopedia Medical WordNet Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping Alexander Fleming Scientist Fleming, Sir Alexander Sir Alexander Fleming Library of Congress [b. Lochfield, Scotland, August 6, 1881, d. London, March 11, 1955] In 1921 Fleming discovered an enzyme he called lysozyme. Found in tears, saliva, and other natural substances, lysozyme breaks bonds in the cell walls of bacteria, causing the bacteria to lyse, or break apart. Fleming's most famous discovery came in 1928, when a Penicillium mold contaminated a dish in which he was growing the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. Fleming noticed that no Staphylococcus grew near the mold, and discovered that the mold produced a powerful antibacterial chemical, which he named penicillin. Dictionary Fleming , Sir Alexander British bacteriologist who discovered penicillin in 1928, for which he shared a Nobel Prize in 1945. Encyclopedia Fleming, Sir Alexander

30. Howard Walter Florey: Definition And Much More From Answers.com and purifying penicillin, discovered in 1928 by sir alexander fleming. sir alexander fleming, and recognised the monumental work Florey did in http://www.answers.com/topic/howard-walter-florey

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Dictionary Encyclopedia Medical WordNet Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping Howard Walter Florey Dictionary Flo·rey fl´r ē, flōr , Sir Howard Walter. Baron Florey of Adelaide 1898–1968. Australian-born British pathologist. He shared a 1945 Nobel Prize for isolating and purifying penicillin, discovered in 1928 by Sir Alexander Fleming. Encyclopedia Florey, Howard Walter (Baron Florey of Adelaide), 1898–1968, British pathologist, b. Australia. He was educated at Adelaide Univ. and at Cambridge and Oxford and returned to Oxford as professor of pathology in 1935. Florey shared the 1945 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Sir Alexander Fleming and Ernst B. Chain for work on penicillin. In 1939, under a Rockefeller grant, Florey and his associates began work on penicillin and proved its effectiveness against many harmful bacteria. Bibliography See biography by L. Bickel (1973). Medical Flo·rey fl´r Howard Walter Australian-born British pathologist. He shared a 1945 Nobel Prize for isolating and purifying penicillin.

31. Sir Alexander Fleming fleming, sir alexander, 1881–1955, Scottish bacteriologist, discoverer of penicillin fleming, sir alexander (The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition) http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0818904.html

in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Daily Almanac for Sep 15, 2005 Skip Navigation Home Almanacs ... Word of the Day Editor's Favorites Back to School Hurricane Katrina Daylight Saving Time Hispanic Heritage Month ... Mississippi Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map College Center Scholarship Search College Resources Career Center Job Search Post Your Resume Continuing Ed. more . . . Search: Infoplease Info search tips Search: Biographies Bio search tips google_ad_client = 'pub-1894504138907931'; google_ad_width = 120; google_ad_height = 240; google_ad_format = '120x240_as'; google_ad_type = 'text'; google_ad_channel =''; google_color_border = ['336699','B4D0DC','DFF2FD','B0E0E6']; google_color_bg = ['FFFFFF','ECF8FF','DFF2FD','FFFFFF']; google_color_link = ['0000FF','0000CC','0000CC','000000']; google_color_url = ['008000','008000','008000','336699']; google_color_text = ['000000','6F6F6F','000000','333333']; Encyclopedia Fleming, Sir Alexander Fleming, Sir Alexander, , Scottish bacteriologist, discoverer of penicillin (1928) and lysozyme (1922), an antibacterial substance found in saliva and other body secretions. Educated at St. Mary's Hospital Medical School, Univ. of London, where he later became professor of bacteriology, he published many articles on bacteriology, immunology, and chemotherapy. He shared the 1945 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Ernst B. Chain and Sir Howard W. Florey for work on penicillin. Fleming was knighted in 1944.

32. Fleming, Sir Alexander More on sir alexander fleming from Infoplease. sir alexander fleming fleming,sir alexander, 1881–1955, Scottish bacteriologist, discoverer of penicillin http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0156615.html

in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Daily Almanac for Sep 15, 2005 Skip Navigation Home Almanacs ... Word of the Day Editor's Favorites Back to School Hurricane Katrina Daylight Saving Time Hispanic Heritage Month ... Mississippi Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map College Center Scholarship Search College Resources Career Center Job Search Post Your Resume Continuing Ed. more . . . Search: Infoplease Info search tips Search: Biographies Bio search tips Biography People F Fleming, Sir Alexander bacteriologist Birthplace: Lochfield, Scotland Born: Died: Flaubert, Gustave F Fleming, ... Rhonda Page Tools: Cite Print Email More on Sir Alexander Fleming from Infoplease: Sir Alexander Fleming Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine - For years not listed, no award was made. 1901 Emil A. von Behring (Germany), for work on serum ... John C. Sheehan Howard Walter Florey Ernst Boris Chain var AdLoaded = false; var bsid = '18703'; var bsads = '8'; var bsloc = 'ros_ss'; var bswx = 120; var bshx = 600; var bsw = '_new'; var bsb = 'FFFFFF'; var bsf = 'FF0000'; var bsalt = 'off'; bspop = 1; RSS About Contact Link to Us ... Privacy Related sites: Family Education TeacherVision var zflag_nid="305"; var zflag_cid="181/1"; var zflag_sid="114"; var zflag_width="1"; var zflag_height="1"; var zflag_sz="15";

33. The My Hero Project - Sir Alexander Fleming A studentfriendly biography of the man who discovered penicillin, along withrelated links. http://myhero.com/myhero/hero.asp?hero=a_fleming

34. Sir Alexander Fleming fleming, sir alexander, 1881–1955, Scottish bacteriologist, discoverer ofpenicillin (1928) and lysozyme (1922), an antibacterial substance found in saliva http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/people/A0818904.html

Home U.S. People Word Wise ... Homework Center Fact Monster Favorites Hurricane Katrina Children as Authors Children Inventors The Doctor's In ... 2006 TFK Almanac Reference Desk Atlas Almanacs Dictionary Encyclopedia ... Encyclopedia Fleming, Sir Alexander Fleming, Sir Alexander, , Scottish bacteriologist, discoverer of penicillin (1928) and lysozyme (1922), an antibacterial substance found in saliva and other body secretions. Educated at St. Mary's Hospital Medical School, Univ. of London, where he later became professor of bacteriology, he published many articles on bacteriology, immunology, and chemotherapy. He shared the 1945 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Ernst B. Chain and Sir Howard W. Florey for work on penicillin. Fleming was knighted in 1944. See biography by G. MacFarlane (1985). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Page Tools: Cite Print See more Encyclopedia articles on: Medicine: Biographies AD AD AD ADS Business Cards Link to Fact Monster Add Fact Monster search ... Privacy Brought to you by: Information Please

35. Fleming, Sir Alexander fleming, sir alexander. sir alexander fleming. Copyright Hulton Getty. (b. Aug.6, 1881, Lochfield, Ayr, Scot.d. March 11, 1955, London, Eng.), http://www.britannica.com/nobel/micro/211_69.html

Fleming, Sir Alexander Sir Alexander Fleming (b. Aug. 6, 1881, Lochfield, Ayr, Scot.d. March 11, 1955, London, Eng.), Scottish bacteriologist whose discovery of penicillin (1928) prepared the way for the highly effective practice of antibiotic therapy for infectious diseases. Fleming shared the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Ernst Boris Chain and Howard Walter Florey , who both (from 1939) carried Fleming's basic discovery further in the isolation, purification, testing, and quantity production of penicillin. After taking his degree at St. Mary's Hospital Medical School, London University (1906), Fleming conducted experiments to discover antibacterial substances that would be nontoxic to human tissues. He continued his research while serving with distinction in the Royal Army Medical Corps in World War I. In 1918 he returned to research and teaching at St. Mary's; he became Hunterian professor (1919) and Arris and Gale lecturer (1928) at the Royal College of Surgeons. In 1921 Fleming identified and isolated lysozyme, an enzyme found in certain animal tissues and secretions, such as tears and saliva, that exhibits antibiotic activity. While working with

36. Fleming, Sir Alexander --  Encyclopædia Britannica fleming, sir alexander Scottish bacteriologist whose discovery of penicillin (1928)prepared the way for the highly effective practice of antibiotic therapy http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9034537

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Introduction Additional Reading Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products Fleming, Sir Alexander Page 1 of 2 Sir Alexander Fleming born August 6, 1881, Lochfield, Ayr, Scotland died March 11, 1955, London, England Sir Alexander Fleming Scottish bacteriologist whose discovery of penicillin (1928) prepared the way for the highly effective practice of antibiotic therapy for infectious diseases. Fleming shared the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Ernst Boris Chain and Howard Walter Florey Fleming, Sir Alexander...

37. Fleming, Sir Alexander. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 fleming, sir alexander. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 200105. http://www.bartleby.com/65/fl/FlemingA.html

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38. Significant Scots - Sir Alexander Fleming Significant Scots sir alexander fleming. alexander fleming was born in a remote,rural part of Scotland. The seventh of eight siblings and halfsiblings, http://www.electricscotland.com/history/other/fleming_alexander.htm

Clans Tartans History Travel ... Contact Us Significant Scots Sir Alexander Fleming Alexander Fleming was born in a remote, rural part of Scotland. The seventh of eight siblings and half-siblings, his family worked an 800-acre farm a mile from the nearest house. The Fleming children spent much of their of time ranging through the streams, valleys, and moors of the countryside. "We unconsciously learned a great deal from nature," said Fleming. He discovered Penicillin. Read more about him here Return to our Significant Scots page

39. Sir Alexander Fleming - Britannia Biographies A brief biography of sir alexander fleming. sir alexander fleming (18811955)It is so difficult to imagine a world without penicillin, the wonder drug http://www.britannia.com/bios/fleming.html

Search Britannia Departments Travel History British Life Shopping Biographies British Monarchs Prime Ministers Great Scotsmen Biographies A - Z Sir Alexander Fleming (1881-1955) It is so difficult to imagine a world without penicillin, the wonder drug that saves so many thousands of lives each year in every country of the world and that helps cure so many different diseases. Alexander Fleming, from Lockfield, Ayr was the man responsible for its discovery in 1928; thus he led the way for the widespread, universally accepted practice of antibiotic therapy for infectious diseases. Fleming graduated from London University Medical School in 1906. He continuing to research antibacterial substances that would prove non-toxic to human tissues while he was serving with the Royal Army Medical Corps in World War I. He later joined the staff of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1928. While working with staphylococcus bacteria, he happened to notice that a bacteria-free circle had grown around a growth of mold that had been contaminating a staph culture. He called the substance penicillin that had prevented the growth of the bacteria. His startling discovery was published in British Journal of Experimental Pathology. In addition to penicillin (which he did very little to promote), Fleming also discovered lysozyme, an anti-bacterial agent that is found in human tears and saliva. He received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1945 (along with Ernst Chain and Howard Florey, both of whose continued work had helped in the purification, testing and quantity production of penicillin, all of which was necessary for the drug to be accepted, and thus making Fleming famous.)

40. Famous Scot - Sir Alexander Fleming biography of sir alexander fleming. In 1945, sir alexander fleming was jointlyawarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of http://www.tartans.com/articles/famscots/alexfleming.html

In 1945, Sir Alexander Fleming was jointly awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of penicillin and its uses in curing infectious diseases. The son of a Scottish farmer, Fleming was born in Lochfield, Scotland on August 6, 1881. Fleming studied in London under Sir Almroth Wright, a pioneer in vaccine therapy, after graduating with destinction from Medical School. His academic career was interrupted by the first World War, when he served as a captain in the Army Medical Corps. According to the Nobel Lectures , Fleming's most famous discovery began as an accident: "In 1928, while working on influenza virus, he observed that mould had developed accidentally on a staphylococcus culture plate and that the mould had created a bacteria-free circle around itself. He was inspired to further experiment and he found that a mould culture prevented growth of staphylococci, even when diluted 800 times. He named the active substance penicillin." Fleming was knighted in 1944, and won the Nobel Prize the following year. Fleming married an Irish woman, Sarah Marion , in 1915, but she died in 1949. In 1953, he remarried, this time to a Greek woman, Dr. Amalia Koutsouri-Voureka, a Greek colleague at St. Mary's. Fleming's son from his first marriage is a family physician.

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