41. Esaki, Leo esaki, leo (1925 ). Japanese physicist who in 1957 noticed that electrons couldsometimes tunnel through the barrier formed at the junctions of certain http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/E/Esaki/1.html

Esaki, Leo Japanese physicist who in 1957 noticed that electrons could sometimes 'tunnel' through the barrier formed at the junctions of certain semiconductors. The effect is now widely used in the electronics industry. For this early discovery Esaki shared the 1973 Nobel Prize for Physics with British physicist Brian Josephson and Norwegian-born US physicist Ivar Giaever Esaki, born in Osaka, graduated from the University of Tokyo and worked for electronics manufacturer Sony 1956-60. He then joined IBM's research centre in Yorktown Heights, New York, but returned to Japan 1992 as president of the University of Tsukuba. Tunnelling is a quantum-mechanical effect whereby electrons can travel through electrostatic potentials that they would be unable to overcome classically. Esaki was able to use this effect for switching and to build ultrasmall and ultrafast tunnel diodes, now called Esaki diodes. He continued to research the nonlinear transport and optical properties of semiconductors, in particular multilayer superlattice structures grown by molecular-beam epitaxy techniques.

42. National Academy Of Sciences - Members esaki, leo Science and Technology Promotion Foundation of Ibaraki. Elected to NAS,1976. Scientific Discipline, Engineering Sciences http://www4.nationalacademies.org/nas/naspub.nsf/(urllinks)/NAS-58N3JB?opendocum

43. MSN Encarta - Leo Esaki esaki, leo, born in 1925, Japanese physicist whose groundbreaking work onsemiconductors earned him a Nobel Prize in 1973. esaki proved the concept of http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761583167/Leo_Esaki.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Subscription Article MSN Encarta Premium: Get this article, plus 60,000 other articles, an interactive atlas, dictionaries, thesaurus, articles from 100 leading magazines, homework tools, daily math help and more for $4.95/month or $29.95/year (plus applicable taxes.) Learn more. This article is exclusively available for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers. Already a subscriber? Sign in above. Esaki, Leo Esaki, Leo , born in 1925, Japanese physicist whose groundbreaking work on semiconductors earned him a Nobel Prize in 1973. Esaki proved the concept of ... Related Items Diode Nobel Prizes 5 items Multimedia Selected Web Links Leo Esaki [Nobel Foundation] 1 item Want more Encarta? Become a subscriber today and gain access to: Daily Math Help Literature Guides Researcher Tools Paper-Writing Guides 60,000 + articles Interactive Atlas Magazine Center Find more about Esaki, Leo from Related Items Other Features from Encarta Diode Nobel Prizes Semiconductor Search Encarta for ... Esaki, Leo

44. MSN Encarta - Search Results - Diamond David Leo Diamond, David leo ( Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved. esaki, leo cowinners of Nobel Prize Josephson, Brian David http://encarta.msn.com/Diamond_David_Leo.html

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45. 1998(esaki) Dr. leo esaki proposed in 1969 the concept of semiconductor Dr. leo esakiwas awarded a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973 for his discovery of tunneling in http://www.japanprize.jp/e_1998(esaki).htm

Dr. Esaki, Leo (Japan) (President, University of Tsukuba) Prize Category: Generation and Design of New Materials Creating Novel Functions Reasons for Award: For the creation and realization of the concept of man-made superlattice crystals which lead to generation of new materials with useful applications Dr. Leo Esaki Dr. Leo Esaki proposed in 1969 the concept of semiconductor "superlattice," man-made single-crystal with a periodic one-dimensional structural modification. He predicted that a superlattice would exhibit peculiar properties such as negative differential conductivity because the density of states has a short-period modulation in the k-space. He proposed to realize a superlattice by modulating either alloy composition or impurity density during thin-film crystal growth. His efforts on molecular-beam epitaxy paid off in 1972 when he discovered a negative differential conductivity in a GaAlAs superlattice. He also predicted a resonant tunneling phenomenon between adjacent potential wells in a superlattice, and confirmed it experimentally in 1973. Dr. Esaki's work on superlattice had a tremendous influence on other scientists. Firstly, he suggested the concept of modulation doping (overflow of conduction electrons or holes that originate from impurities in a wide-bandgap region into a narrow-bandgap region). The HEMT, a high-speed field effect transistor, was developed in 1980 based on this concept, and is now widely used in wireless telecommunications. Secondly, semiconductor lasers and photo-detectors with superlattice (or multiple-quantum-well as it is often called) structures were invented during the 1980's and are now very important components in optical communications. Thirdly, GMR (Giant Magneto-Resistance) was discovered in the late 1980's in a superlattice structure consisting of magnetic and non-magnetic metals and are being pursued as sensors for magnetic recording.

46. Esaki_Pro Dr. esaki, leo. Nationality Japan Date of Birth 12 March 1925 Place of BirthOsaka, Japan Academic Degrees 1947 BS in Physics, The University of Tokyo http://www.japanprize.jp/e_1998(esaki)pro.htm

Dr. Esaki, Leo Nationality: Japan Date of Birth: 12 March 1925 Place of Birth: Osaka, Japan Academic Degrees: 1947 B.S. in Physics, The University of Tokyo 1959 Ph.D., The University of Tokyo Professional Career: 1947 Kobe Kogyo Corporation 1956 Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo (now Sony Corporation) 1960 IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, USA 1992 President, University of Tsukuba Office: University of Tsukuba Major Awards: 1959 Nishina Memorial Award 1960 Asahi Press Award Toyo Rayon Foundation Award 1961 Morris N. Liebmann Memorial Prize from IRE Stuart Ballantine Medal from the Franklin Institute 1965 Japan Academy Award 1973 Nobel Prize in Physics 1974 Order of Culture from the Japanese Government 1985 American Physical Society International Prize for New Materials 1991 IEEE Medal of Honor Membership in Academic Institutions and Societies: American Physical Society Physical Society of Japan 1975 Member, Japan Academy 1976 Foreign Associate, National Academy of Sciences, USA 1977 Foreign Associate , National Academy of Engineering, USA 1989 Member, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft 1991 Member, American Philosophical Society 1994 Foreign Member, Russian Academy of Sciences 1995 Honorary Foreign Member, Korean Academy of Science and Technology 1996 Member, Italian National Academy of Science

47. Leo Esaki Winner Of The 1973 Nobel Prize In Physics leo esaki, a Nobel Prize Laureate in Physics, at the Nobel Prize Internet Archive. http://almaz.com/nobel/physics/1973a.html

L EO E SAKI 1973 Nobel Laureate in Physics for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively, Background Born: 1925 Residence: Japan Affiliation: IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, U.S.A. Featured Internet Links Prize co-recipient: Ivar Giaever Search WWW Search The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Links added by Nobel Internet Archive visitors About Leo Esaki (submitted by Carol Smith) Leo Esaki tunnel diodes (submitted by Dong Kwan Han Leo Esaki – Biography (submitted by Chinnappan Baskar Dr. Leo Esaki (submitted by Blak) Leo Esaki: Awards won by Leo Esaki (submitted by Jackson) Back to The Nobel Prize Internet Archive Literature Peace Chemistry ... Medicine We always welcome your feedback and comments

48. Ten Nobels For The Future leo esaki was born in Osaka in 1925. He received his Bachelor of Science degreein Physics from the University of Tokyo in 1947 and his Ph.D. in 1959. http://www.hypothesis.it/nobel/eng/bio/esaki.htm

Allais, Maurice Economics, 1988 Altman, Sidney Chemistry, 1989 Arber, Werner Medicine, 1978 Arrow, Kenneth J. Economics, 1972 Baltimore, David Medicine, 1975 Becker, Gary S. Economics, 1992 Black, James W. Medicine, 1988 Brown, Lester R. Buchanan, James M. Economics, 1986 Charpak, Georges Physics, 1992 Dahrendorf, Ralf Dausset, Jean Medicine, 1980 Economics, 1983 de Duve, Christian Medicine, 1974 Dulbecco, Renato Medicine, 1975 Ernst, Richard R. Chemistry, 1991 Esaki, Leo Physics, 1973 Fo, Dario Literature, 1997 Gell-Mann, Murray Physics, 1969 Glashow, Sheldon Lee Physics, 1979 Guillemin, Roger C.L. Medicine, 1977 Hoffmann, Roald Chemistry, 1981 Jacob, François Medicine, 1965 Kindermans, Jean-Marie Peace 1999 Klein, Lawrence R. Economics, 1980 Kroto, Harold W. Chemistry, 1996 Lederman, Leon M. Physics, 1988 Lehn, Jean-Marie

49. Leo Esaki Speaker leo esaki President, The University of Tsukuba. Koshiba. Professor esakireceived Nobel Prize for his work on electron tunneling effect. http://www.jspsusa.org/FORUM1996/esaki.html

50. Biographical Note Of Participants leo esaki is President of University of Tsukuba. Prior to assuming his presentposition, he had been engaged in research as an IBM fellow at the Thomas J. http://www.jspsusa.org/FORUM1996/biographical.html

51. Esaki, Leo --  Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - Your Gateway To All Britannic esaki, leo body Japanese physicist. Biographies of leo esaki, Ivar Giaever,and Brian David Josephson. Includes the press release issued by the Nobel http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article?tocId=9363887

52. Physics *Esaki, Leo Esaki, Leo (March 12, 1925 - ; Japan) Leo leo esaki, also known by his original name, Reiona esaki, is a Japanese physicistspecializing in solidstate physics as well as a researcher in http://www.upei.ca/~xliu/multi-culture/esaki.htm

Physics Esaki, Leo Esaki, Leo (March 12, 1925 - ; Japan) Leo Esaki, also known by his original name, Reiona Esaki, is a Japanese physicist specializing in solid-state physics as well as a researcher in superconductivity. In 1973, Esaki, along with Ivar Giaevar and Brian Josephson shared the Nobel Prize for Physics. Born in Osaka, Esaki attended Tokyo University and graduated with his degree in physics in 1947 and with his Ph.D. in 1959. Upon his graduation from Tokyo University in 1947, Esaki took up a position with the Kobe Kogyo company. In 1956, Esaki accepted a position at the Sony Corporation and became its chief physicist working in the field of quantum mechanics. It was with this post that Esaki conducted his experiments which led to the Nobel Prize. While at Sony, Esaki concentrated on the concept of tunnelling in which electrons are able to pass through barriers once thought to be impenetrable. The electrons were noted to be able to move freely through the barrier due to the wavelength character of matter. In 1960, Esaki moved to Yorktown, New York after being awarded the International Business Machines (IBM) fellowship to enable him to further his research in the United States. After obtaining the fellowship, Esaki joined IBM's research laboratories. Esaki is also noted as the inventor of the double diode which today bears his name the Esaki diode, by modifying solid-state semiconductors through the addition of impurities (Britannica, 4:553, 1994; and Barba, p.65, 1995).

53. Distinguished Guests - The Library, The Abdus Salam ICTP esaki, leo (b.1925, Osaka, Japan). Nobel Laureate Physics 1973 link. with IvarGiaever for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena http://library.ictp.trieste.it/FP-DB/detail.php?ID=30

54. Distinguished Guests - The Library, The Abdus Salam ICTP http//library.ictp.trieste.it . ictp home library our distinguished guests esaki, leo picture L. esaki and K. Von Klitzing, Main Lecture Hall http://library.ictp.trieste.it/FP-DB/image.php?IM=35&headerName=ESAKI, Leo&dgID=

55. Robert Bower And Leo Esaki - Semiconductor Innovation Robert Bower invented the SelfAligned Gate MOSFET - leo esaki and his discoveryof tunneling in semiconductors. http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blbower.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Business Inventors Famous Inventors ... B Start Inventors Robert Bower and Leo Esaki - Semiconductor Innovation Business Inventors Essentials 20th Century Inventions - Timelines ... Help zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/7.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the Inventors newsletter! See Online Courses Search Inventors Robert Bower Robert Bower's invention, one of 24 he has patented, is officially called the "Field-Effect Device with Insulated Gate," known as the "Self-Aligned Gate MOSFET." Patented in 1969, the device provided semiconductors with the speed they needed to serve in modern microelectronic applications. Bower developed it while working at the Hughes Research Laboratories in Malibu, California. Robert Bower Robert Bower invented a device that provided semiconductors with more speed - National Inventors Hall of Fame. Dr. Robert Bower, UC Davis Robert Bower was elected in 1997 as a member of the National Inventors Hall of Fame for the invention of the self aligned-gate MOSFET. Leo Esaki IBM Press Release: Leo Esaki was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973 for his discovery of tunneling in semiconductors. Tunneling is a quantum mechanical effect in which an electron passes through a potential barrier even though classical theory predicted that it could not. Dr. Esaki's discovery led to the creation of the Esaki diode, an important component of solid state physics with practical applications in high-speed circuits found in computers and communications networks. Dr. Esaki shared the 1973 Nobel Prize with physicists Ivar Giaever of Norway and Brian D. Josephson of Great Britain.

56. The Korean Academy Of Science And Technology esaki, leo (Foreign Member, , ) Science and Technology Foundation of Ibaraki,Japan President Chairman. Education 1925 Born in Osaka, Japan on March 12. http://www.kast.or.kr/english/login/detail.asp?boardid=549&page=1

57. IBM Research | Press Resources | Leo Esaki IBM Research Press Resources leo esaki. Dr. leo esaki joined IBM Researchin 1960 and became an IBM Fellow in 1967. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in http://domino.research.ibm.com/comm/pr.nsf/pages/bio.esaki.html

Country/region change All of IBM Home Products My account IBM Research ... Feedback Related links Print version Forward this URL Contact media rep Contact this researcher Leo Esaki Nobel Prize in Physics Dr. Leo Esaki joined IBM Research in 1960 and became an IBM Fellow in 1967. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973 in recognition of his pioneering work on tunneling in solids and discovery of the tunnel diode. Esaki's other awards and honors include: the Nishina Memorial Award, the Asahi Press Award, an achievement award from the Tokyo chapter of the U.S. Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Association, the Toyo Rayon Foundation Award for the Promotion of Science and Technology, the Morris N. Liebmann Memorial Prize, the Stuart Ballantine Medal and the Japan Academy Award. He holds honorary degrees from Doshisha School, Japan; the Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Spain; the University of La Plata, Argentina; the University of Montpellier, France; and Kwansei Gakuin University, Japan. From 1971 to 1975, he served as councillor-at-large to the American Physical Society and as a director of the American Vaccum Society from 1973 to 1975. He was a director of IBM Japan, Ltd., on the governing board of the IBM Tokyo Research Lab, a director of the Yamada Science Foundation, as well as the Science and Technology Foundation of Japan. He has served on numerous international scientific advisory boards and committees, and was an adjunct professor at the University of Pennsylvania and the Industrial Science Institute at the University of Tokyo. He also served as the guest editorial writer for the Yomiuri Press.

58. MSN Encarta - Esaki, Leo Translate this page esaki, leo (1925- ), physicien américain d’origine japonaise Autres fonctionnalitésEncarta. Rechercher esaki, leo http://fr.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761590997/Esaki_Leo.html

Accueil MSN Mon MSN Hotmail Rechercher ... Tout savoir sur la gamme Encarta Rechercher sur Encarta Article accessible sur abonnement MSN Encarta Premium : Acc©dez   30 000 articles encyclop©diques avec plus de 12 000 illustrations, un atlas mondial interactif, un guide du Web et une palette compl¨te de ressources et d'outils ©ducatifs. 34,99 € par an (service d’acc¨s   Internet non compris). En savoir plus. Cet article n'est accessible que si vous ªtes abonn©   MSN Encarta Premium. Dans ce cas, connectez-vous en cliquant sur le lien Aller sur MSN Encarta Premium (ci-dessus). Esaki, Leo Esaki, Leo (1925- ), physicien am©ricain d’origine japonaise M©dias Encarta vous int©resse ? Abonnez-vous d¨s maintenant et b©n©ficiez de : Plus de 30 000 articles 2 000 analyses d'oeuvre Plus de 12 000 m©dias (dont des extraits sonores, des vid©os et des m©dias interactifs) Un atlas mondial interactif Une palette compl¨te de ressources et d'outils ©ducatifs Un guide du Web Plus de r©sultats pour Esaki, Leo Autres fonctionnalit©s Encarta Rechercher Esaki, Leo

59. Esaki - Definition Of Esaki By The Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus And Encyclo Meaning of esaki. What does esaki mean? esaki synonyms, esaki antonyms. about esaki in the free online English dictionary and encyclopedia. leo esaki. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Esaki

Domain='thefreedictionary.com' word='Esaki' Your help is needed: American Red Cross The Salvation Army join mailing list webmaster tools Word (phrase): Word Starts with Ends with Definition subscription: Dictionary/ thesaurus Computing dictionary Medical dictionary Legal dictionary Financial dictionary Acronyms Columbia encyclopedia Wikipedia encyclopedia Hutchinson encyclopedia Esaki Also found in: Wikipedia 0.03 sec. Page tools Printer friendly Cite / link Email Feedback Thesaurus Legend: Synonyms Related Words Antonyms Noun Esaki - physicist honored for advances in solid state electronics (born in Japan in 1925) Leo Esaki Nihon Nippon Japan - a constitutional monarchy occupying the Japanese Archipelago; a world leader in electronics and automobile manufacture and ship building physicist - a scientist trained in physics Mentioned in References in classic literature No references found No references found Dictionary/thesaurus browser Full browser Erythroxylon coca Erythroxylon truxiuense Erythroxylum Erythrozyme ... Es Esaki Esau Esbjerg escadrille escalade ... Esaias Tegnér Esaki Esaki Leona Esaki, Leo

60. Nobel Prize In Physics 1973 leo esaki Button 1/4 of prize Button Japan Button born 1925 Button CA IBMThomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York, USA http://www.slac.stanford.edu/library/nobel/nobel1973.html

Home About Contact "for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively" Leo Esaki 1/4 of prize Japan born 1925 CA - IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center , Yorktown Heights, New York, USA AA - Sony Corporation , Tokyo, Japan WA - Sony Corporation Additional Information Ivar Giaever 1/4 of prize born 1929 (Bergen, Norway) CA - Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute AA - General Electric Research and Development Center , Schenectady, New York, USA WA - General Electric Research and Development Center Additional Information "for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects" Brian D. Josephson 1/2 of prize UK born 1940 CA - Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK AA - University of Cambridge WA - University of Cambridge Additional Information Additional Information: Nobel e-Museum Prize in Physics 1973 Leo Esaki: Leo Esaki: IEEE History Center Leo Esaki: The Global Reach of Japanese Science Ivar Giaever: Ivar Giaever web site Ivar Giaever Received Nobel Prize for work he had done before he had completed his PhD.

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