81. The History Of Anesthesia In the late 1800s a Dutch physician christiaan eijkman discovered that Now, back to christiaan eijkman how the heck did he get a Nobel Prize? http://www.mnwelldir.org/docs/history/vitamins.htm

The History of Vitamins (and a short history of scurvy, beriberi, and pellagra) Our knowledge of the chemical composition of vitamins and their importance in nutrition is relatively young, whereas the history of vitamin deficiencies goes back centuries. Scurvy is probably the first illness to be recognized (though not right away, as you will see) as a nutritional deficiency disorder. Its main symptom is massive hemorrhaging; one’s arteries, lacking sufficient vitamin C begin to pit and then finally break open causing internal hemorrhaging. Prior to this, the individual feels exhausted and weak, his gums start to bleed, and diarrhea sets in. Death was far too common the final result. (For more on vitamin C and its connection to arterial health, you might wish to order our book, Bypassing Bypass Hippocrates first described scurvy as bleeding gums, hemorrhaging and death in the 5th century BC. Outbreaks of scurvy were reported in 1500 BC Egypt, during the winters when fresh produce was scarce. In 1250, during the Crusades, rampant scurvy forced the retreat and eventual capture of St. Louis and his knights. However, it was the age of exploration and extended sea voyages that scurvy earned its deadly reputation. From Dr Mark R. Anderson’s article

82. Forsburg Lab Pombe Pages: S. Pombe History christiaan eijkman (18581930) was the first director of the Laboratory forPathology and Bacteriology in Batavia now Jakarta, Indonesia, http://www-rcf.usc.edu/~forsburg/history1.html

The Forsburg Lab pombe Pages S. pombe History This set of pages on S pombe 's experimental history comes from Frans Hochstenbach's original site in The Netherlands. Thanks to Frans for putting this together! Phylogeny of Schiz. pombe Schiz. pombe is classified as a fungus, namely an ascomycete fungus characterized by the formation of an ascus (for more information, see The Tree of Life Project ). Over the past century, ascomycete fungi have been reclassified frequently, based on various phenotypic characteristics, such as the shape of the ascospore, type of cell division (budding versus fission), presence of hyphae, ability to ferment certain sugars or grow on various carbon and nitrogen sources. Recently, DNA and RNA sequence analyses have been used to determine sequence divergence among ascomycete fungi and, thus, to quantitate genetic differences between species. These molecular techniques demonstrate that fission yeast Schiz. pombe is phylogenetically as distant from budding yeasts as it is from humans. The Schizosaccharomyces lineage separated about 1 billion years ago to form an ancestral branch of the ascomycetes, denoted archaeascomycetes (see description and illustration by B. Franz Lang, University of Montreal).

83. "Tapping Into The Pulse Of The History Of Science With Case Studies" By Douglas Nobel Prizewinner christiaan eijkman was right and wrong at the same time.Consider christiaan eijkman and the cause of beriberi.6,10 Here, a student sees http://www.actionbioscience.org/education/allchin.html

home search author directory updates signup ... education author bio education classroom methodology Tapping into the Pulse of the History of Science with Case Studies By Douglas Allchin An ActionBioscience.org original article article highlights Historical case studies are a vital tool for teaching: scientific reasoning and skills the human and cultural dimensions of science perspective for scientifically informed decision-making more on author August 2002 Tapping into the Pulse of the History of Science with Case Studies By Douglas Allchin History is a valuable resource for teaching the process of science more effectively.

84. Journal Of Pelvic Medicine & Surgery - UserLogin The Dutch hygienist christiaan eijkman shared the 1929 Nobel Prize in physiologyor medicine with the British biochemist Frederick Gowland Hopkins http://www.jpelvicsurgery.com/pt/re/spv/fulltext.00132581-200103000-00012.htm

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85. SHSS christiaan eijkman (1887) became a student of Koch s and was strongly influencedby Koch s pioneering discoveries in bacteriology. eijkman was appointed to http://learning.unl.ac.uk/nd203/history.html

History The Discovery of Vitamins "Vitamine" was the term coined by Casimir Funk (1884-1967) for the unidentified substances present in food which could prevent the diseases scurvy, beriberi, and pellagra. In this pioneer work in the study of vitamins, Funk reviews his research work and postulates his theory of the existence of vitamines, essentail factors in diet. (1st English edition from 2nd German edition). URL: http://www.mc.Vanderbilt.Edu/biolib/hc/nh3.html The discovery of vitamin B1 In 1929 Eijkman received the Nobel Prize for his work on beri-beri (vitamin B1); he shared the prize with Frederick Gowlands Hopkins (a Brit), the discoverer of vitamin A. Christiaan Eijkman (1887) became a student of Koch's and was strongly influenced by Koch's pioneering discoveries in bacteriology. Eijkman was appointed to the beri-beri committee to look into this disease, which was ravaging the Far East, especially closed communities like the army, navy, and prisons. They thought they found a bacterium (they wanted to, because their mind set was on bacterial diseases) whose toxin caused beri-beri, but the disease couldn't be transmitted (failure of one of Koch's postulates). He resisted the idea of the disease being nutritional, and accepted it only after the evidence was compelling. The critical observations: The experimental fowl were living on leftover (polished) rice from the military mess. After a

86. Science Timeline eijkman, christiaan, 1897. Einstein, Albert, 1904, 1905, 1905, 1905, 1905, 1906,1907, 1908, 1911, 1913, 1913, 1915, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1919, 1921, 1922, http://www.sciencetimeline.net/siteindex_e-f.htm

use checkboxes to select items you wish to download Select Index Letter: a b c d ... w-x-y-z Early, Philip, 1980 Earth, second millenium bce Eckert, John, 1946 eclipses, 747 bce, fourth century bce Eddington, Arthur Stanley, 1914, 1919, 1920, 1923, 1926, 1924 Edelman, Gerald M., 1959, 1962, 1967, 1978 Edsall, John Tileston, 1935 Ehrlich, Paul, 1897, 1903 Eigen, Manfred, 1971, 1986 Eijkman, Christiaan, 1897 Einstein, Albert, 1904, 1905, 1905, 1905, 1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1911, 1913, 1913, 1915, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1919, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1927, 1927, 1932, 1934, 1935, 1938, 1938, 1939, 1939, 1957, early 1960s, 1964, 1974, 1982, 1995, 1997 Einthoven, Willem, 1903 Eldredge, Niles, 1972 Elliott, James L.,1977 Elliott, T. R., 1904 Ellis, Richard, 2001

87. Die Aufklärung Des Vitamin D Rätsels Translate this page Holländischer Arzt christiaan eijkman demonstrierte die Beziehung zwischen Hopkins und christiaan eijkman - in später Anerkennung seiner fruchtbaren http://www7.nationalacademies.org/germanbeyonddiscovery/VitaminD_4.html

JENSEITS VON ENTDECKUNGEN VON SPRENGSTOFFEN ZUM GAS, DAS HEILT DIE GESCHICHTE DER HEPATITIS B POLYMERE UND MENSCHEN ... Mehr als nur eine Methode der Kalziumregulation "..eine Substanz verschieden von Proteinen und Salzen..." Eijkman und sein Nachfolger Gerrit Grijns benutzten später Wasser oder Äthanol, um den mysteriösen anti-neuritischen Faktor aus den Reisschalen zu extrahieren. "Eine Substanz unterschiedlich von Proteinen und Salzen befindet sich in den Polituren von Reis " schrieben die zwei Forscher 1906, "die für die Gesundheit unentbehrlich ist, und dessen Mangel ernährungsbedingte Polyneuritis verursacht". Bald nach der Jahrhundertwende kam ein weiterer Forscher zur Erkenntnis, daß gewisse "zusätzliche Nahrungsfaktoren" existierten. Der englische Biologe Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins entwickelte diese Vorstellung im Verlauf von Studien, die mit seiner Entdeckung der Aminosäure Tryptophan im Jahr 1901 begannen. Aufbauend auf von ihm entwickelten Techniken, begann Hopkins eine Folge von jetzt klassischen Experimenten, die demonstrierten, daß vollständige Nahrung (im Gegensatz zu gereinigten Formen von Proteinen, Fetten und Kohlenhydraten) bestimmte unbekannte Bestandteile enthielt, die für Gesundheit und Wachstum essentiell waren. Der Biochemiker Casimir Funk glaubte aufgrund eigener Studien, daß diese Faktoren Amine waren (Verbindungen, die aus Ammoniak hergeleitet sind) und schlug als Namen für die Faktoren "vitale (lebenswichtige) Amine" oder kurz "Vitamine" vor. Das "e" im englischen Namen wurde später abgelegt als Wissenschaftler erkannten, daß diese unterschiedlichen Nährstoffe andere chemische Eigenschaften und Funktionen haben und, daß viele überhaupt keine Amine enthielten. Hopkins und Christiaan Eijkman - in später Anerkennung seiner fruchtbaren Studien über Beriberi - teilten sich 1929 den Nobelpreis für Medizin für die Entdeckung essentieller Nährstoffe.

88. Para Aclarar El Enigma De La Vitamina D Translate this page El médico holandés christiaan eijkman demostró la relación entre la deficiencia de Hopkins y christiaan eijkman, en reconocimiento tardío de su trabajo http://www7.nationalacademies.org/spanishbeyonddiscovery/bio_008721-03.html

Página Principal Agricultura Ciencias de la tierra Cuestiones medioambientales ... Sanidad Contenido Primera Página "...una sustancia diferente de las proteínas y las sales..." Para aclarar el enigma de la vitamina D "...una sustancia diferente de las proteínas y las sales..." Más adelante, Eijkman y su sucesor, Gerrit Grijns, utilizaron agua o etanol para extraer el misterioso factor antineurítico de las cáscaras del arroz. "En la cascarilla del arroz existe una sustancia diferente a las proteínas y las sales," escribieron los dos investigadores en 1906, "que es indispensable para la salud y cuya ausencia produce la polineuritis nutricional." , o tiamina, del salvado del arroz. Poco después del inicio del siguiente siglo, otro investigador también llegó a creer en la existencia de ciertos "factores alimenticios complementarios". El biólogo inglés Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins desarrolló este concepto durante el curso del trabajo que empezó con su descubrimiento del aminoácido triptófano en 1901. Basado en las técnicas desarrolladas durante su investigación, Hopkins pasó a realizar una serie de experimentos, ahora ya clásicos, que demostraron que los alimentos integrales (opuestamente a las formas refinadas de proteínas, grasas y carbohidratos), contienen ciertos componentes desconocidos, esenciales para la salud y el crecimiento.

89. OU ACF Tournament Round I Packet By University Of Oklahoma 1. He christiaan eijkman, a physician in the East Indies, was sure this was a germbornedisease, but he couldn t infect chickens with it. http://quizbowl.stanford.edu/archive/oklahoma95/oklahoma-1.txt

90. HSCI 1815: Visuals christiaan eijkman chicken with polyneuritis (avian beriberi ); another chicken red rice (katchang ijo) and white rice; Vorderman s data http://www.tc.umn.edu/~allch001/1815/beriberi/

Visuals for Studying Cases: Beriberi Reading Guide Web Excursions Hub Outline Introduction : Voyaging to the Dutch East Indies, 1892 Intro 2 What causes beriberi? Of rice: pursuing an accident with chickens Of men: a natural experiment Sequel: an error? and a Nobel prize "The" cause of beriberi? VISUALS Chrsitiaan Eijkman Java and the Suez Canal Dutch shipping routes Indonesian forest with large tree harvesting rattan vines for tatami mats coffee rice Batavia (in Jakarta, Dutch East Indies) Batavia harbor beriberi patient symptoms and problems of the disease patient , note wrist drop Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur Christiaan Eijkman chicken with polyneuritis (avian "beriberi") another chicken red rice (katchang ijo) and white rice Vorderman's data mass execution in Java, 1870 Gerrit Grijns sago palm and root, tapioca (taro) root mongo beans (mung beans) Gowland Hopkins Casimir Funk and Umetaro Suzuki (E.S. Edie not pictured) thiamine citric acid cycle Christian Eijkman steam-powered versus hand-milling Schubert Club gamelan Return to HSCI 1815 Hub The views and opinions expressed in this page are strictly those of the page author.

91. Índice Alfabético De Los Premios Nobel De Fisiología O Medicina (1901-1998) eijkman, christiaan (1929) EINTHOVEN, Willem (1924) ELION, Gertrude Belle (1988)ENDERS, John Franklin (1954) ERLANGER, Joseph (1944) http://www.bvs.sld.cu/revistas/his/vol_2_99/his12299.htm

Indice Anterior Siguiente Formato .PDF ADRIAN, Edgar Douglas (1932) ARBER, Werner (1978) AXELROD, Julius (1970) BALTIMORE, David (1975) BANTING, Frederick Grant (1923) BEADLE, Georges Wells (1958) BEHRING, Emil Adolf von (1901) BENACERRAF, Baruj (1980) BISHOP, Michael John (1989) BLACK, James Whyte (1988) BLOCH, Konrad Emil (1964) BLUMBERG, Baruch Samuel (1976) BORDET, Jules Jean Baptiste Vicent (1919) BOVET, Daniel (1957) BROWN, Michael Stuart (1985) BURNET, Frank Macfarlane (1960) CARREL, Alexis (1912) CHAIN, Ernest Boris (1945) CLAUDE, Albert (1974) COHEN, Stanley (1986) CORI, Carl Ferdinand (1947) CORI, Gerty Theresa Radnitz (1947) CORMACK, Allan MacLeod (1979) CRICK, Francis Harry Compton (1962) DALE, Henry Hallet (1936) DAM, Henrik Carl Peter (1943) DAUSSET, Jean (1980) DOHERTY, Peter C. (1996) DOISY, Edward Adelbert (1943) DOMAGK, Gerhard (1939) DULBECCO, Renato (1975) ECCLES, John Carew (1963) EDELMAN, Gerald Maurice (1972) EHRLICH, Paul (1908) EIJKMAN, Christiaan (1929) EINTHOVEN, Willem (1924) ELION, Gertrude Belle (1988) ENDERS, John Franklin (1954)

92. Beriberi, White Rice, And Vitamin B (Kenneth Carpenter) most notably by christiaan eijkman, who shared the 1929 Nobel prize for Chemical analysis explained eijkman s results and revealed where in the rice http://dannyreviews.com/h/Beriberi.html

Danny Yee's Book Reviews Subjects Titles Authors ... Latest Beriberi, White Rice, and Vitamin B: A Disease, a Cause, and a Cure Kenneth J. Carpenter University of California Press 2000 A book review by Danny Yee The symptoms of beriberi are weakness and loss of feeling in the feet and legs, swelling of the lower half of the body, and in the worst cases heart failure and death. It used to be a major contributor to mortality, especially in infants a third of the workers in one Malaysian mine in just two years, 10% of all births in Manila around 1915, and so forth. As we now know, beriberi is caused by nutritional deficiency of thiamin (vitamin B1), most commonly associated with reliance on polished white rice. But establishing this, isolating the "vitamin" responsible, and implementing appropriate public health measures was a long and complex process. In Beriberi, White Rice, and Vitamin B Kenneth Carpenter makes of it a fine "medical detective story". Some kind of connection with diet is not hard to discern the Chinese writer Han Yu noted around 800 AD that the disease affected rice-eating people in the south but not wheat-eating ones in the north. But a trace vitamin present in differing quantities in a range of foods posed a complex puzzle and there were a plethora of not implausible explanations: a miasma restricted to particular regions, an infectious agent, toxins or an anti-vitamin in rice, and so forth. An added complication was a lack of communication between scientists and doctors from different national traditions.

93. Catalogue On Biographies And History top, 34 eijkman Jansen, BCP Het Levenswerk van christiaan eijkman, 18581930.Haarlem, Bohn, 1959. Hard-bound Centenary edition of the Nederlandsch http://www.oxbridge.nl/catalogs/f.bioghist.htm

homepage Catalogue on Biographies and history A B C D ... top EUR 26,00 top Abragam, A. Reflections of a Physicist. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1986. Cloth, or. plastic wrapper. 159 pp. EUR 22,00 top Abragam, A. De la Physique avant toute Chose. Paris, Odile Jacob, 1987. Large paperback, 379 pp., 8 plates with photographs. Dedicated by the author in autograph for "Chantal." EUR 24,00 top [Anon.] The Development of Science in The Netherlands during the last half Century. Leiden, S.C. van Doesburgh, 1930. Cloth, 102 pp., 10 photos. A good copy, clean. EUR 39,00 —— In the Preface, an appendix was announced on the Royal Academy, Universities and schools in Holland and the Dutch East Indies. However, this appeared as a separate volume in 1931 (also in our stock). top [Anon.] The Royal Academy of Science, Universities and Higher Schools in Holland and the Dutch East Indies. Leiden, S.C. van Doesburgh, 1931. Cloth, 101 pp., many interesting photographs, several tables. A good copy. Very rare. EUR 55,00 —— Announced in the Preface to The development of science in the Netherlands "as an appendix." That book is also in our stock.

94. Vitamine Translate this page Im Jahre 1886 wurde der holländische Arzt christiaan eijkman (1858-1930) nachJava entsandt, um die Beriberi-Krankheit zu studieren. http://www.vobs.at/bio/spezial/x-hist26.htm

GESCHICHTE DER BIOLOGIE Vitamine (26) Physiologie/Medizin: Vitamine (Frederick Hopkins, Casimir Funk, Joseph Goldberger) Im Jahre 1886 wurde der Frederick Cowland Hopkins (1861 bis 1947) und ein in Polen Die Hopkins-Funksche „Vitaminhypothese“ wurde voll entwickelt Vorarlberger Bildungsserver - Welt der Biologie

95. Especiales Diario Médico Translate this page El nóbel del año. Frederick Gowland Hopkins y christiaan eijkman christiaaneijkman nació en la ciudad holandesa de Ninjkerk en 1858. http://www.diariomedico.com/medicinasiglo/nobel1929.html

Mapa Web Contacto Publicidad Servicios Internet Sanitario Archivo Asesor Legal Congresos Deportes Dossieres Especiales DM Foros Imprescindibles DM Impuestos Informes Web Medline Multimedia Newsletters Ocio en DM Ofertas de trabajo Ondasalud.com Tienda de libros Especialidades Aparato Digestivo Enfermedades raras Ginec./Obstet. Infecciosas/Sida Med. Deportiva Med. Familiar Medicina Intensiva Med. Interna Medicina Legal Med. Nuclear Med. Preventiva Med. Trabajo Med. Urgencias Otorrinolaring. Trasplantes Form. continuada Telemedicina Secciones Sanidad Normativa Medicina Gestion Entorno Inicio Comentarios y sugerencias dminternet@recoletos.es Portada Frederick Gowland Hopkins y Christiaan Eijkman Frederick Gowland Hopkins Christiaan Eijkman Christiaan Eijkman © Recoletos Medios Digitales S.L. Aviso Legal

96. KNAW > Indonesia > OSM > 2003 In the footstep of christiaan eijkman perspective of collaborative medicalresearch between Indonesia and the Netherlands. CoConvenor 2 http://www.knaw.nl/indonesia/20030902_b.html

Introduction Agenda Priority Programmes Mobility Programme ... Back to overview Tuesday, 2 September 2003 Plenary Session (Main Commission Room) Keynote Lecture Prof. P Boomgaard, Royal Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies, KITLV The Making and Unmaking of Tropical Science, Dutch Research in Indonesia, 1600 - 2000 Coffee Break Parallel Thematic Sessions Convenor 2 Prof Dr Sangkot Marzuki, Director of the Eijkman Institute of Molecular Biology In the footstep of Christiaan Eijkman: perspective of collaborative medical research between Indonesia and the Netherlands Co-Convenor 2 Prof. Jan Verhoef, Department of Eijkman-Winkler Centre for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Inflammation, University Medical Centre Utrecht MH 7 Past and Future of Infectious Diseases MH 10 Antibacterial Substances Produced by Bacteria Speakers: MH 23 E.K. Sahiratmadja, T. de Boer, E. van de Vosse, I.A. Adnan, B. Alishbana, R. van Crevel, RHH. Nelwan, S. Marzuki, THM Ottenhoff Ex-vivo Cytokine Production and Genetic Variations in the Type-1 Cytokine Cascade in patients with tuberculosis MH 3 Linda Oskam , Mochammad Hatta, Pranab Das, Anand Iyer and Tom Ottenhoff Etiology, diagnosis and treatment of reactions in lepirosy: a multidisciplinary approach

97. Eureka ::: Cakrawala ::: Suplemen Pikiran Rakyat Kesimpulan salah inilah yang pernah dicetuskan christiaan eijkman pada christiaan eijkman lahir pada tanggal 11 Agustus 1858 di Kota Nijkerk, Belanda. http://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/cetak/2005/0305/31/cakrawala/eureka.htm

HALAMAN DEPAN KONTAK REDAKSI PR CETAK TERBARU TOPIK LAPORAN UTAMA KILAS IPTEK SEKITAR KITA EUREKA ... LAINNYA KONTAK REDAKSI CAKRAWALA ARSIP EDISI 2004-2005 WEBMAIL EUREKA Kamis, 31 Maret 2005 Christiaan Eijkman Pelopor Penemuan Vitamin B1 HATI-HATI nasi putih mengandung racun. Kesimpulan salah inilah yang pernah dicetuskan Christiaan Eijkman pada tahun 1896 setelah selama 10 tahun melakukan penelitian tentang penyakit beri-beri. Penderita beri-beri ternyata akibat kekurangan vitamin B1 yang biasa terdapat pada bagian terluar beras tumbuk atau bagian dedaknya. Pada beras giling yang berwarna putih bersih, bagian dedak yang berwarna kecokelatan dan kaya vitamin B1 tersebut jadi hilang. Christiaan merupakan ilmuwan Belanda yang memelopori penemuan vitamin B1 yang pada saat itu belum diketahui namanya. Istimewanya, penemuan yang berbuah Nobel tersebut berawal dari penelitian yang dilakukannya di Indonesia, yang pada saat itu masih bernama Hindia Belanda. Kini, vitamin merupakan bahan yang tidak asing lagi bagi kita. Vitamin selalu ditambahkan pada makanan-makanan kesehatan atau produk pengobatan yang dijual terpisah untuk memelihara kesehatan.

98. EU.L.E.n-Spiegel: Beri-beri - Nobelpreis: Was Eijkman Wirklich Erkannte http://www.das-eule.de/3097.html

powered by FreeFind werbefrei wissenschaftlich fundiert quer gedacht Nobelpreis: Was Eijkman wirklich erkannte Eijkman, C: Polyneuritis in chickens: a new contribution to its aetiology. Eijkman zweifelte bis zuletzt daran, daß die von ihm studierte Geflügel-Polyneuritis mit der menschlichen Beriberi identisch ist. Beispielsweise war es ihm nicht gelungen, seine an Geflügel gewonnenen Ergebnisse mit Säugetieren zu wiederholen. Er konstatierte: "Wir kennen keine Fakten, die uns dazu veranlassen könnten, die Entstehung der Beriberi ebenso direkt auf Nahrungsfaktoren zurückzuführen wie es offensichtlich bei der Polyneuritis des Geflügels der Fall war." Anmerkung: Dennoch werden Eijkmans Versuche immer wieder als Beweis dafür angeführt, daß es sich bei der Beriberi des Menschen um eine Vitamin-B1-Mangelkrankheit handele. 1929 erhielt Christiaan Eijkman sogar den Nobelpreis für Medizin für die "Entdeckung des antineuritischen Vitamins". Möglicherweise ist Thiamin aber nur für Geflügel von besonderer Bedeutung. Design:

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