41. The Alfred B. Nobel Prize Winners: Physics A list of the winners of the nobel Prize for Physics. leon N. cooper John R.Schrieffer, United States United States United States. 1973, Ivar Giaever http://history1900s.about.com/library/misc/blnobelphysics.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Homework Help 20th Century History Homework Help ... Help zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/7.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the 20th Century History newsletter! See Online Courses Search 20th Century History Nobel Prize Winners for Physics Chemistry Physiology or Medicine Literature Peace ... Economics Germany Hendrik A. Lorentz Pieter Zeeman Netherlands Netherlands Antoine Henri Becquerel Pierre Curie Marie Curie France France Poland-France John W. Strutt Great Britain Philipp E. A. von Lenard Germany Sir Joseph J. Thomson Great Britain Albert A. Michelson United States Gabriel Lippmann France Carl F. Braun Guglielmo Marconi Germany Italy Johannes D. van der Waals Netherlands Wilhelm Wien Germany Nils G. Dalen Sweden Heike Kamerlingh Onnes Netherlands Max von Laue Germany Sir William H. Bragg Sir William L. Bragg Great Britain Great Britain Charles G. Barkla Great Britain Max K. E. L. Planck Germany Johannes Stark Germany Charles E. Guillaume

42. The Nobel Prize For Physics (1901-2004) The following is a complete listing of nobel Prize awards, from the first 1972 1957 John Bardeen Theory of superconductivity leon N. cooper J. Robert http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Administrivia/nobel.html

[Physics FAQ] Compiled by Scott Chase, Phil Gibbs, and Johan Wevers. The Nobel Prize for Physics (1901-2004) The following is a complete listing of Nobel Prize awards, from the first award in 1901. Prizes were not awarded in every year. The date in brackets is the approximate date of the work. The description following the names is an abbreviation of the official citation. The Physics prize is announced near the beginning of October each year. One of the quickest ways to get the announcement is to watch the Nobel Foundation web site at http://www.nobel.se

43. NOBEL LAUREATES WARN AGAINST MISSILE DEFENSE DEPLOYMENT UNIVERSITY 1997 nobel Prize in physics Stanley Cohen VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY1986 nobel Prize in medicine leon N. cooper BROWN UNIVERSITY 1972 nobel Prize http://www.fas.org/press/000706-letter.htm

July 6, 2000 President William Jefferson Clinton The White House 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20502 Dear Mr. President: We urge you not to make the decision to deploy an anti-ballistic missile system during the remaining months of your administration. The system would offer little protection and would do grave harm to this nation's core security interests. We and other independent scientists have long argued that anti-ballistic missile systems, particularly those attempting to intercept reentry vehicles in space, will inevitably lose in an arms race of improvements to offensive missiles. North Korea has taken dramatic steps toward reconciliation with South Korea. Other dangerous states will arise. But what would such a state gain by attacking the United States except its own destruction? While the benefits of the proposed anti-ballistic missile system are dubious, the dangers created by a decision to deploy are clear. It would be difficult to persuade Russia or China that the United States is wasting tens of billions of dollars on an ineffective missile system against small states that are unlikely to launch a missile attack on the U.S. The Russians and Chinese must therefore conclude that the presently planned system is a stage in developing a bigger system directed against them. They may respond by restarting an arms race in ballistic missiles and having missiles in a dangerous "launch-on-warning" mode.

44. Edwards V. Aguillard: Amicus Curiae Brief Of 72 Nobel Laureates The amicus curiae brief filed by 72 nobel Laureates on behalf of the appelleesin Edwards v. John Bardeen, leon N. cooper J. Robert Schrieffer, 1972 http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/edwards-v-aguillard/amicus1.html

Edwards v. Aguillard: U.S. Supreme Court Decision Formatted for the web by Kenneth Fair Our apologies, but you must have JavaScript enabled to view author contact information. EDWIN W. EDWARDS, in his official capacity as Governor of Louisiana, et al., Appellants, v. DON AGUILLARD, et al., Appellees. No. 85-1513 October Term, 1986 August 18, 1986 On Appeal From the United States Court of Appeals For The Fifth Circuit AMICUS CURIAE BRIEF OF 72 NOBEL LAUREATES, 17 STATE ACADEMIES OF SCIENCE, AND 7 OTHER SCIENTIFIC ORGANIZATIONS, IN SUPPORT OF APPELLEES ROBERT A. KLAYMAN, WALTER B. SLOCOMBE TABLE OF AUTHORITIES CASES: Aguillard v. Edwards, 765 F.2d 1251 (5th Cir. 1985) Aguillard v. Treen, No. 81-4787, slip op., (E.D. La. Jan. 10, 1985) Trust of Bingham v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue , 325 U.S. 365 (1945) Bishop v. Wood , 426 U.S. 341 (1976) Brockett v. Spokane Arcades , 472 U.S. 491, 105 S. Ct. 2794 (1985) Burns v. Alcala , 420 U.S. 575 (1975) Epperson v. Arkansas , 393 U.S. 97 (1968) Haring v. Prosise , 462 U.S. 306 (1983) Hendren v. Campbell (Superior Court No. 5, Marion County, Indiana) (April 14, 1977), reprinted in National Association of Biology Teachers, A Compendium of Information on the Theory of Evolution and the Evolution-Creationism Controversy 31 (rev. ed. 1978)

45. Bardeen With leon N. cooper and John R. Schrieffer he was awarded the 1972 prize for He was the only person who won two nobel Prizes in the same field. http://chem.ch.huji.ac.il/~eugeniik/history/bardeen.htm

John Bardeen b. May 23, 1908, Madison, Wis., U.S.A. d January 30, 1991, Boston, Mass., U.S.A. American physicist who was cowinner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in both 1956 and 1972. He shared the 1956 prize with William B. Shockley and Walter H. Brattain for their joint invention of the transistor. With Leon N. Cooper and John R. Schrieffer he was awarded the 1972 prize for development of the theory of superconductivity. He was the only person who won two Nobel Prizes in the same field. John and his siblings, 1917 John Bardeen was born on May 23, 1908 in Madison, Wisconsin. His father, Charles Russell Bardeen, was the first graduate of the Johns Hopkins Medical School and founder of the Medical School at the University of Wisconsin. His mother, Althea Harmer, studied oriental art at the Pratt Institute and practiced interior design in Chicago. He was one of five children (the second son). Bardeen was a brilliant kid right from the beginning - his parents decided to move him from third grade up into junior high. When Bardeen was 12, his mother became seriously ill with cancer. Thinking he was helping his kids, Dr. Bardeen downplayed the seriousness of her illness. John didn't realize she was dying, and was stunned when it happened.

46. Scientists Born 1901-1950 theory of superconductivity (BCS theory) and won together with John Bardeenand leon N. cooper 1972 nobel Prize for Physics for developing this theory http://chem.ch.huji.ac.il/~eugeniik/history/electrochemists5.htm

Famous Scientists greatly contributed to "electro" science: electricity, electromagnetism, electrical technology, electronics, electrical telegraphy, radio, electrochemistry, electromedicine, etc. Scientists born after 1901 Allen Balcom Du Mont invented first commercial TV by perfecting cathode ray tube; made radar possible by devising the first TV guidance system for missiles Sigurd F. Varian co-inventor of the klystron tube and co-founder of Varian Associates Company together with his brother Russell Varian Robert Jemison Van de Graaff inventor of the Van de Graaff electrostatic generator that serves as a type of particle accelerator Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius Swedish biochemist who won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1948 for his work on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis Walter Houser Brattain scientist who, along with John Bardeen and William B. Shockley, won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1956 for his investigation resulting in the developent of transistors Wiktor Kemula famous Polish chemist, electrochemist, polarographist, greatly contributed to the development of electroanalytical chemistry, particularly polarography, developed a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) Francis Thomas Bacon invented the first practically useful alkaline fuel cell Marcel Pourbaix introduced thermodynamics approach to corrosion science, particularly developed potential - pH digrams of corrosion named after him "Pourbaix Diagrams"

47. The Prize For academics and institutions, a nobel Prize is used to attract the best and the 1972 John Bardeen, leon N. cooper, Robert Schrieffer 1971 Dennis Gabor http://www.hosted-webs.com/prize/

hosted by hosted-webs.com HISTORY of NOBEL PRIZE Winning a Nobel Prize is a life-changing honor. Whether the laureate is an internationally known figure (such as Nelson Mandela, winner of the 1993 Peace Prize) or a scientist plucked from obscurity (like Richard R. Ernst, who won the 1991 prize in chemistry for refinements in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy), the award brings with it worldwide recognition that highlights one's life work and provides the funds to continue and further the mission. For academics and institutions, a Nobel Prize is used to attract the best and the brightest minds, whether students or scholars. ALFRED B. NOBEL Alfred B. Nobel (1833–1896), the Swedish chemist and engineer who invented dynamite, left $9 million in his will to establish the Nobel Prizes, which are awarded annually, without regard to nationality, in six areas (peace, literature, physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, and economic science) "to those who, during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind." At first glance, it seems odd that the inventor of a powerful explosive would endow a group of awards that includes a peace prize. But Nobel was an industrialist with a conscience. He is credited with creating a controllable combustible that made blasting rock and the construction of canals and tunnels a relatively safe process. Nobel also contributed to the inventions of synthetic rubber, artificial silk, and synthetic leather. He held more than 350 patents. His interests were not limited to science. In fact, he was a lover of English literature and poetry and wrote several novels and poems. At his death, he left a library of more than 1,500 books, from fiction to philosophy.

48. DOE Research And Development Accomplishments DOE R D Accomplishments provides information about these nobel Laureates and their cooper, leon N. – is responsible for the concept of cooper Pairs, http://www.osti.gov/accomplishments/

Welcome past Featured Physicist: William A. Fowler Courtesy Visual Archives Featured Physicist: Martin L. Perl Courtesy Visual Archives , W.F. Meggers Gallery of Nobel Laureates The core of the Web site is the , containing searchable full-text and bibliographic citations of documents reporting accomplishments from DOE and DOE contractor facilities. It was developed and is maintained and supported by the DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI) and may be used to search , locate, access, and download full-text and/or bibliographic information electronically. Featured Topics pages may spotlight an individual scientist or an area of research. Pages highlighting individuals provide insights into the scientist's body of research, a biographical sketch, recognitions, and links to related full-text reports and Web pages. Pages highlighting areas of research provide summary information about the research and links to related full-text reports and Web pages. Complementing the Database and Featured Topics pages is a page called Snapshots , which provides quick pictures, introductions, overviews, or synopses of DOE accomplishments. The

49. Untitled Document with graduate student J. Robert Schrieffer and research associate leon N.cooper, In 1972, he would share a second nobel in physics with cooper and http://www.ece.uiuc.edu/ingenuity/1103/bardeen.html

Volume 8, Number 2 November 2003 Past Issues MRI developer wins Nobel Prize ... Hess elected to National Academy of Sciences John Bardeen: Transistor coinventor, Nobel laureate, ECE professor BY JAMIE HUTCHINSON John Bardeen receives the Nobel Prize in Physics from Crown Prince Carl Gustaf during ceremonies held December 10, 1972. Bardeen shared the prize with J.R. Schrieffer and L.N. Cooper for the BCS theory of superconductivity. Longtime ECE faculty member John Bardeen coinvented the transistor in 1947 while working at Bell Labs in New Jersey. After playing a crucial role in perhaps the most revolutionary invention of the twentieth century, he joined the ECE and Physics faculties at U of I in 1951 and went on to solve one of the great theoretical riddles of twentieth-century physics: why certain materials, called superconductors, lose all electrical resistance when cooled below a certain temperature. By the time of his death in 1991, when he was retired but still active on campus and in his profession, Bardeen had brought glory to Illinois by winning a Nobel Prize in Physics for each of his major accomplishments. View John Bardeen's Career Highlights As Bell and other companies continued to develop transistors for an emerging market, Bardeen decided upon a return to academia, where he could focus again on basic research, especially superconductivity. In 1951, with the support of College of Engineering Dean William L. Everitt, electrical engineering head Edward Jordan and physics head F. Wheeler Loomis were able to offer Bardeen a joint appointment in the two U of I departments, with the freedom to pursue his own research program. Like so many of the decisions made by Everitt, Jordan, and Loomis, this one paid off big-time.

50. HistoryForSale - Nobel Prize Autographs Autographs leon N. cooper PAMPHLET SIGNED CIRCA 1976 leon N. cooper Here is a sample of the autographs you ll find in our nobel Prize category http://www.historyforsale.com/html/display.aspx?page=62&start=14&sort=0&signer=&

51. Nobel Laureates With Ties To IT Together with leon N. cooper and John R. Schrieffer, he won the 1972 prize for William N. Lipscomb Faculty member 194659 nobel Prize in chemistry, 1976 http://www.it.umn.edu/about/nobel.html

One Stop Directories Search U of M what's inside About IT Prospective students Current students Outreach ... Contact IT KW_breadcrumbs("Home","/",0,1,"index.html",3,4) Nobel laureates Faculty laureates John Bardeen Faculty member 1938-45 Nobel Prize in physics, 1956 and 1972 Bardeen shared the 1956 prize with William B. Shockley and Walter H. Brattain (Physics Ph.D. '29) for their joint invention of the transistor. Together with Leon N. Cooper and John R. Schrieffer, he won the 1972 prize for the development of the theory of superconductivity. Arthur H. Compton Faculty member 1916-17 Nobel Prize in physics, 1927 William N. Lipscomb Faculty member 1946-59 Nobel Prize in chemistry, 1976 Lipscomb won the Nobel Prize for his research on the structure and bonding of boron compounds and the general nature of chemical bonding. John H. Van Vleck Faculty member 1924-28 Nobel Prize in physics, 1977 Van Vleck shared 1977 Nobel Prize in physics with Philip W. Anderson and Sir Nevill F. Mott. The prize honored Van Vleck's contributions to the understanding of the behavior of electrons in magnetic, noncrystalline solid materials. Alumni laureates Walter Brattain (Physics Ph.D. '29)

52. Sigma Xi: The Scientific Research Society: Nobel Laureates A list of the scores of Sigma Xi members who have receives nobel Prizes duringthe last 1972 leon N. cooper 1972 Robert Schrieffer 1972 John Bardeen http://www.sigmaxi.org/about/overview/nobel.shtml

Overview Leadership Organization News ... Contact Us About: Overview Sigma Xi Center Leadership Organization News ... Contact Us Search: Site Map Home Overview Sigma Xi members who have won the Nobel Prize listed by category. A list by date won is also available. Chemistry The Svedberg Irving Langmuir Harold C. Urey Peter Debye ... John B. Fenn 2004 Irwin Rose Economics Ragnar Frisch Kenneth J. Arrow Herbert A. Simon John F. Nash, Jr. ... Daniel Kahneman Peace Linus Pauling Norman Borlaug Physics Albert A. Michelson Albert Einstein Robert A. Millikan James Franck ... Masatoshi Koshiba Physiology or Medicine Alexis Carrel August Krogh Archibald V. Hill Otto Meyerhof ... Back to top

53. List Of Nobel Prizes - Columbia Encyclopedia® Article About List Of Nobel Prize Information about List of nobel Prizes in the Columbia Encyclopedia®. John Bardeen leon N. cooper John Robert Schrieffer, Gerald M. Edelman Rodney R. http://columbia.thefreedictionary.com/List of Nobel Prizes

Domain='thefreedictionary.com' word='List of Nobel Prizes' Your help is needed: American Red Cross The Salvation Army join mailing list webmaster tools Word (phrase): Word Starts with Ends with Definition subscription: Dictionary/ thesaurus Computing dictionary Medical dictionary Legal dictionary Financial dictionary Acronyms Columbia encyclopedia Wikipedia encyclopedia Hutchinson encyclopedia List of Nobel Prizes 0.03 sec. Page tools Printer friendly Cite / link Email Feedback Related article: Nobel Prize' Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel was established in 1968 from funds provided by the Swedish national bank, Sveriges Riksbank, and was first awarded in 1969. Each prize consists of a gold medal, a sum of money, and a diploma with the citation of award. The amount of money available for each prize varies from year to year. Click the link for more information. Nobel Prizes Year Peace Chemistry Physics Physiology or Medicine Literature J. H. van't Hoff W. C. Roentgen E. A. von Behring R. F. A. Sully-Prudhomme Emil Fischer H. A. Lorentz Pieter Zeeman

54. May 31 - Today In Science History John Bardeen and leon N. cooper) of the 1972 nobel Prize for Physics for For their work the three scientists were awarded jointly the 1975 nobel http://www.todayinsci.com/5/5_31.htm

MAY 31 - BIRTHS Louis J. Ignarro (source) Born 31 May 1941 American pharmacologist who, along with Robert F. Furchgott and Ferid Murad, was co-awarded the 1998 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery that nitric oxide (NO) acts as a signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system, an entirely new mechanism by which blood vessels in the body relax and widen. At first, major professional journals refused to publish his contention that a substance that is basic to nitroglycerin and part of the chemistry of smog is also crucial to the life process. But over the years, others repeated his work and confirmed his discovery that nitric oxide is a neurotransmitter that is, says Ignarro, "perhaps the most widespread signaling molecule that allows a variety of different cell types to communicate with one another." John Robert Schrieffer (source) Born 31 May 1931 American physicist and winner (with John Bardeen and Leon N. Cooper) of the 1972 Nobel Prize for Physics for developing the BCS theory (for their initials), the first successful microscopic theory of superconductivity. Although first described by K. Onnes (1911), no theoretical explanation had been accepted. It explains how certain metals and alloys lose all resistance to electrical current at extremely low temperatures. The insight of the BCS theory is that at very low temperatures, under certain conditions, electrons can form bound pairs (Cooper pairs). This pair of electrons acts as a single particle in superconductivity. Schrieffer continued to focus his research on particle physics, metal impurities, spin fluctuations, and chemisorption.

55. Dr.Tarek Said's Homepage-Nobel Prize Winners nobel Prize in Literature. 2002 Imre Kertész 2001 Sir VS Naipaul 2000 Gao Xingjian 1972 Bardeen, John cooper, leon, N. Schrieffer, J. Robert http://www.geocities.com/tsaid3/nobel.html

Nobel Prize Winners Literature Peace Physics Medicine ... Nationalities Nobel Prize in Literature 2001 Sir V.S. Naipaul 2000 Gao Xingjian 1997 Dario Fo 1996 WISLAWA SZYMBORSKA 1995 SEAMUS HEANEY 1994 KENZABURO OE 1993 TONI MORRISON 1992 DEREK WALCOTT 1991 NADINE GORDIMER 1990 OCTAVIO PAZ 1989 CAMILO JOSE CELA NAGUIB MAHFOUZ 1987 JOSEPH BRODSKY 1986 WOLE SOYINKA 1985 CLAUDE SIMON 1984 JAROSLAV SEIFERT 1983 SIR WILLIAM GOLDING 1982 GABRIEL GARCIA MARQUEZ 1981 ELIAS CANETTI 1980 CZESLAW MILOSZ 1979 ODYSSEUS ELYTIS ( ODYSSEUS ALEPOUDHELIS ) 1978 ISAAC BASHEVIS SINGER 1977 VICENTE ALEIXANDRE 1976 SAUL BELLOW 1975 EUGENIO MONTALE 1973 PATRICK WHITE 1972 HEINRICH BALL 1971 PABLO NERUDA 1970 ALEKSANDR ISAEVICH SOLZHENITSYN 1969 SAMUEL BECKETT 1968 YASUNARI KAWABATA 1967 MIGUEL ANGEL ASTURIAS 1965 MICHAIL ALEKSANDROVICH SHOLOKHOV 1964 JEAN-PAUL SARTRE 1963 GIORGOS SEFERIS ( GIORGOS SEFERIADIS ) 1962 JOHN STEINBECK 1961 IVO ANDRIAC 1960 SAINT-JOHN PERSE ( ALEXIS LEGER ) 1959 SALVATORE QUASIMODO 1958 BORIS LEONIDOVICH PASTERNAK 1957 ALBERT CAMUS 1956 JUAN RAMON JIMENEZ 1955 HALLDER KILJAN LAXNESS 1954 ERNEST MILLER HEMINGWAY 1953 SIR WINSTON LEONARD SPENCER CHURCHILL 1951 PER FABIAN LAGERKVIST 1950 EARL BERTRAND ARTHUR WILLIAM RUSSELL 1949 WILLIAM FAULKNER 1948 THOMAS STEARNS ELIOT 1947 ANDRE PAUL GUILLAUME GIDE 1946 HERMANN HESSE 1945 GABRIELA MISTRAL ( LUCILA GODOY Y ALCA-YAGA ) 1944 JOHANNES VILHELM JENSEN 1943-1940 Main Fund and Special Fund of this prize section.

56. PeaceUK And Iraq Body Count Archives - 41 Nobel Laureates Sign Against A War Wit Fortyone American nobel laureates in science and economics issued a declarationyesterday leon N. cooper P. James W. Cronin P. Robert F. Curl Jr. C http://peaceuk.co.uk.mdl-net.co.uk/archive/modules.php?name=News&file=article&si

57. Columbia University Nobel Laureates View Columbia s nobel Laureates by year field name cooper, leon N,Physics, 1972, 1951, PhD 1964. Stein, William H. Chemistry, 1972, PhD 1938 http://c250.columbia.edu/c250_celebrates/nobel_laureates/by_year.html

var loaded_bol = false; View Columbia's Nobel Laureates by: year field name Nobelist Field Prize Year Columbia undergraduate degree Columbia graduate degree Columbia Faculty Roosevelt, Theodore Peace Nobelist Field Prize Year Columbia undergraduate degree Columbia graduate degree Columbia Faculty Millikan, Robert A. Physics PhD 1895 Nobelist Field Prize Year Columbia undergraduate degree Columbia graduate degree Columbia Faculty Butler, Nicholas Murray Peace PhD 1884 Langmuir, Irving Chemistry Eng. 1903 MA 1906 Morgan, Thomas Hunt Physiology or Medicine Urey, Harold C. Chemistry Fermi, Enrico Physics Nobelist Field Prize Year Columbia undergraduate degree Columbia graduate degree Columbia Faculty Rabi. I. I. Physics PhD 1927 Muller, Hermann J. Physiology or Medicine PhD 1916 Northrop, John Howard Chemistry PhD 1915 Yukawa, Hideki Physics Nobelist Field Prize Year Columbia undergraduate degree Columbia graduate degree Columbia Faculty Kendall, Edward C. Physiology or Medicine PhD 1910 Kusch, Polykarp Physics Lamb, Willis E. Physics Cournand, Andre F. Physiology or Medicine Richards, Dickinson W.

58. Columbia University Nobel Laureates View Columbia s nobel Laureates by year field name cooper, leon N,Physics, 1972, 1951, PhD 1964. Cournand, Andre F. Physiology or Medicine, 1956 http://c250.columbia.edu/c250_celebrates/nobel_laureates/by_name.html

var loaded_bol = false; View Columbia's Nobel Laureates by: year field name Nobelist Field Prize Year Columbia undergraduate degree Columbia graduate degree Columbia Faculty Altman, Sidney Chemistry Arrow, Kenneth J. Economics PhD 1951 Axel, Richard Physiology or Medicine Becker, Gary S. Economics Benacerraf, Baruj Physiology or Medicine Physiology or Medicine Bloch, Konrad E. Physiology or Medicine PhD 1938 Blumberg, Baruch S. Physiology or Medicine Bohr, Aage Physics Brodsky, Joseph Literature Buck, Linda B. Physiology or Medicine Butler, Nicholas Murray Peace PhD 1884 Cooper, Leon N Physics PhD 1964 Cournand, Andre F. Physiology or Medicine Fermi, Enrico Physics Fitch, Val L. Physics PhD 1954 Fogel, Robert W. Economics MA 1960 Friedman, Milton Economics PhD 1946 Gajdusek, D. Carleton Physiology or Medicine Gordimer, Nadine Literature Hauptman, Herbert A. Chemistry MA 1939 Heckman, James Economics Hoffman, Roald Chemistry Ignarro, Louis J. Physiology or Medicine Pharmacy 1962 Kandel, Eric Physiology or Medicine Kendall, Edward C. Physiology or Medicine PhD 1910 Knowles, William

59. Nobel Prize Winners In Physics cooper, leon N., USA, Brown University, Providence, RI, * 1930; and. SCHRIEFFER, J.ROBERT, USA, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, * 1931 http://www.slcc.edu/schools/hum_sci/physics/whatis/nobel.html

Nobel Prize Winners in Physics Physics 1901 R~NTGEN, WILHELM CONRAD, Germany, Munich University,* 1845, + 1923: "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him". Physics 1902 The prize was awarded jointly to: LORENTZ, HENDRIK ANTOON, the Netherlands, Leyden University, * 1853, + 1928; and ZEEMAN, PIETER, the Netherlands, Amsterdam University, * 1865, + 1943: "in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena". Physics 1903 The prize was divided, one half being awarded to: BECQUEREL, ANTOINE HENRI, France, äcole Polytechnique, Paris, * 1852, + 1908: "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity"; the other half jointly to: CURIE, PIERRE, France, äcole municipale de physique et de chimie industrielles, (Municipal School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry), Paris, * 1859, + 1906; and his wife CURIE, MARIE, n»e SKLODOWSKA, France, * 1867 (in Warsaw, Poland), + 1934: "in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel".

60. LP: Nobel Prizes (Men Vs Women) 1972 John Bardeen, leon N. cooper, Robert Schrieffer, 1971 Dennis Gabor, Someone else needs to do the same research about blacks and the nobel Prize http://www.libertypost.org/cgi-bin/readart.cgi?ArtNum=103984

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