41. HPS @ UNSW Australia, sir frank macfarlane burnet The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine1960. Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research http://hps.arts.unsw.edu.au/hps_content/courses/subjects/level_3.htm

HPS@UNSW.edu.au E-mail Form Here Staff Contact List Welcome ... Online Resources Faculty of UNSW University of New South Wales, 2003 UNSW CRICOS Provider Code - 00098G Page Last Updated: 28 January, 2003 Please Read this Report Errors or Omissions to: HPS Web Co-ordinator Advanced Level 3 Courses Advanced History of Science S Life Science in the 20th Century Topics in the Philosophy of Science S Managing Risk: Science, Technology Policy Reading Option Pre-Honours Seminar * Not on offer in 200 Australia Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1960 Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research Melbourne, Australia "for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance" A genius in immunology, a cretin in prediction:

42. Australasian Society For Immunology sir frank macfarlane burnet ( Mac , as he was generally known to immunologists)was born in 1899 and died in 1985. This year (1999) we celebrate the http://www.wehi.edu.au/collegiate/ASI/burnet.html

Further information For any other questions regarding ASI, please read our FAQ page, or contact the ASI Secretariat Website queries: For questions relating to this Website, please contact Judith Greer (contributed by Prof Jim Goding) Early scientific career Director of WEHI Clonal Selection Theory Burnet's Directorship Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet ("Mac", as he was generally known to immunologists) was born in 1899 and died in 1985. This year (1999) we celebrate the centenary of his birth. Much will be written and spoken about him. Encapsulating his life and contributions in a few pages is something of a challenge. Burnet's Early Scientific Career Burnet was born in the small country town of Traralgon, Victoria. Having spent three months there as a resident medical officer, I can vouch for the fact that Traralgon is a dull place. However, Burnet had a happy and uneventful childhood, and in later life he retained his affection for the bush. He went on to study medicine at Melbourne University, where he graduated in 1922 with high honours. During his year as resident at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, he aspired to become a clinical neurologist, but his mentors felt that his talents lay elsewhere, and steered him towards laboratory research. (Rolf Zinkernagel also aspired to become a neurologist, and it is fortunate that fate also took him in a different direction). Burnet became registrar in pathology, and thus gained entry to the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, with which he remained associated for the next forty years until he retired as Director in 1965.

43. Peter Medawar: Definition And Much More From Answers.com Working on a theory proposed by sir macfarlane burnet, he proved it was possibleunder The Logic of Scientific Discovery frank macfarlane burnet http://www.answers.com/topic/peter-medawar

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Dictionary Encyclopedia Medical WordNet Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping Peter Medawar Dictionary Med·a·war mĕd ə-wər , Sir Peter Brian Brazilian-born British biologist. He shared a 1960 Nobel Prize for his work on acquired immunological tolerance. Encyclopedia Medawar, Sir Peter Brian mĕd əw¤r ) , 1915–87, British zoologist, b. Brazil. After graduate work at Oxford, he held research and teaching posts there. He was professor of zoology (1947–51) at the Univ. of Birmingham and in 1951 became professor of zoology and comparative anatomy at University College, London. During World War II, he discovered a method for joining ends of severed nerves; he later became noted for his experimental work in transplanting living tissue from one body to another. Working on a theory proposed by Sir Macfarlane Burnet , he proved it was possible under certain circumstances for an organism to overcome its normal tendency to reject foreign tissue or organs. Medawar was awarded the 1960 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine jointly with Sir Macfarlane Burnet for this discovery of acquired immunological tolerance. He was knighted in 1965. A prolific writer, his works include The Art of the Soluble Advice to a Young Scientist (1979), and an autobiography (1986).

44. AAS-Biographical Memoirs-Burnet With the death of frank macfarlane burnet on 31 August 1985, Australia lost Many colleagues of sir macfarlane burnet have provided me with assistance in http://www.science.org.au/academy/memoirs/burnet.htm

Australian Academy of Science About the Academy Biographical memoirs Frank Macfarlane Burnet 1899-1985 Introduction Early life University education Scientific career ... Notes By Frank Fenner This memoir was originally published in Historical Records of Australian Science , vol.7, no.1, 1987. Numbers in brackets refer to the notes at the end of the text. Introduction Early life Macfarlane Burnet, who from childhood and throughout his life was known as 'Mac' to his close friends, was the second of seven children. At the time of his birth, his father was manager of the Traralgon branch of the Colonial Bank. In 1909, he was transferred and moved with the family to Terang, in western Victoria. In both places young Burnet went to the local primary school. As related in his autobiography, Burnet retained vivid memories of his life as a boy in Terang, where he returned for vacations until he was in his twenties. He was a shy boy, but revelled in the opportunities to wander in the nearby countryside, especially near Lake Terang, where he was greatly interested in the variety of wild life to be seen. He became a member of the Boy Scouts in 1910, soon after the movement was founded in Victoria, and enjoyed the associated camping and outdoor activities. University education Scientific career The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1924

45. MS 098 BURNET, FRANK MACFARLANE (1899-1985) MEDICAL SCIENTIST AND MS 098 burnet, frank macfarlane (18991985) MEDICAL SCIENTIST AND BIOLOGIST 1961-65 d “sir macfarlane burnet as President of the Australian Academy of http://www.science.org.au/academy/basser/lists/ms098.txt

MS 098 BURNET, FRANK MACFARLANE (1899-1985) MEDICAL SCIENTIST AND BIOLOGIST Burnet was Director of the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne 1944-66 and in 1960 was awarded the Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine with P Medawar. 98/1 a Early technical papers 1928-40 (typescript) b Unpublished technical addresses, etc. 1955-64 (typescripts) c Unpublished technical lectures 1955-74 (typescripts - 2 published but no reprints) d Typescripts of lectures - ANZAAS, Wright, Croonian, Dyer, Wisconsin, Moynihan, Vanderbilt ... 1949-61, Pacific Science Congress lecture 1971 98/2 a 1 Correspondence and papers relating to WHO 1956-59 Correspondence regarding serving on various committees (22pp) “The role of WHO in medical research”. 1958 roneoed (29pp) “Summary of discussions on an intensified medical research programme for the World Health Organisation” 1958 (9pp) 2 Japan Bacteriological Society Meeting, 5-7 April 1961 Preliminary correspondence regarding invitation to speak at the meeting, itinerary, etc. Also a couple of letters on the translation of The clonal selection theory of acquired immunity into Japanese (36pp) 3 Early lectures on medical research 1947-50 Lecture on general functions of research and opportunities that are available in Melbourne, ca 1950 (11pp) Lecture on the technique of research with special reference to research at the clinical level, ca 1950 (6pp) 4 NHMRC reorganisation 1956-58 Draft handwritten letter to the Minister (2pp) A suggested long term approach (roneoed) (3pp) What do the major applicants really want, etc. (typescript) (4pp) Notes on Minister of Health’s memorandum (1 typed page) Copies of 3 letters from W F Simmons, Chairman, Medical Research Advisory Committee (1 page each) Correspondence re Dr Ian Wood’s visit to USA 1958 (3pp) Report of the Sub-committee of the Advisory Committee of the National Health and Medical Research Council, together with covering letter from Harold Dew to Director-General of Health (7pp) The case for an increased annual grant (2pp) 5 Initiation of C J Martin Fellowship 1951 Letter from Sir Percival Hartley suggesting establishing a C J Martin Fellowship Correspondence between Burnet and Director-General of Health on the subject, suggestions from a sub-committee of Burnet, Professor Wright and Dr Keogh on the form the Fellowship should take, followed by draft recommendations from the sub-committee and associated correspondence (29pp) 6 Germ warfare in Korea 1952-53 (largely consists of correspondence) Pamphlet, “New facts on US germ warfare in Korea and China”. Supplement to “People’s China”. (16pp) “Germ warfare in Korea” (FMB - draft statement) (7pp) Correspondence with Australian Association for the United Nations. Includes draft report from FMB (8pp) Correspondence with R G Casey (13pp) “The germ warfare charges” (ABC broadcast) (4pp) Pamphlet, “Is germ warfare possible?” NSW Peace Council. Scientist’s Auxiliary (12pp) Letter from Katharine Suzannah Prichard and FMB’s reply (2pp) Correspondence re advising Australian Delegation to the UN on germ warfare 1952 (7pp) “Germ warfare charges in Korea”, and request for their publication by Secretary of Department of External Affairs (4pp) Newspaper cuttings from US on germ warfare, with covering letters from R G Casey to FMB and FMB to the Secretary of the Department of External Affairs (3pp) 7 America - Cold Spring Harbor 1958, Stanford 1960 This file has the title “America shop letters 1960” typed on it. It consists largely of letters to “Deb” (presumably his daughter), with typed copies attached, describing meetings, symposia etc. (44pp) 8 Chairmanship of International Association of Microbiological Societies 1955-58 Large folder of miscellaneous correspondence. A lot of it is concerned with the venue for the 7th International Congress of Microbiology, and with FMB’s resignation as Chairman (ca 200pp) b 1 Biological effects of nuclear explosion fallout. Commonwealth Partliamentary paper No. 29 of 1973 (8pp) 2 “Summary of situation” (5pp, 2 typed and 3 handwritten) 3 Australian Academy of Science. The biological effects of nuclear explosion fall-out. Report to the Prime Minister, 1973 4 Letter from E G Whitlam to Sir Rutherford Robertson thanking him for the above report c 1 “The natural history of communicable disease”. Chapter xii for Textbook of preventive and social medicine. (29pp) 2 “Antibodies and immunity” (32pp) 3 “Speculations on the evolution of the immune process”. Australian Society of Immunologists 1967 (14pp) 4 “Autoimmune disease”. In Pathologic physiology, ed. Godeman, 1967 (63pp) 5 “Immunological surveillance an evolutionary approach”. Brook Lodge, 1969 (24pp) 6 “Immunological surveillance”. Perugia, 1969 (32pp) 7 “Immunological surveillance and the origin of tumour specific antigens”. Unpublished draft, 1970 (20pp) 8 “Kuru”, with introduction, 1970 (11pp) 9 “Invertebrate precursors to immune responses” for Contemporary topics in immunology, vol. 4, chapter 1, 1972 (19pp) 10 “Ageing and immunological surveillance”. Article for Triangle, 1973 (13pp) 11 “The evolution of biological recognition as exemplified in the immune system” 1975 (12pp) 98/3 a Typescripts of papers, talks etc. 1967-76 b Typescripts of social and environmental papers 1962-75 c Miscellaneous talks: Listerian Oration; Ceylon Association for the Advancement of Science; AAS; Chinese Academy; Tintern Speech Day, etc. 1952-69 d Early manuscripts 1924-68 e Mutation and selection: some extensions of Darwinism 1974/75. Summary of clonal selection December 1963 (typescript with handwritten corrections and hand drawn figures) The significance of avidity in immunological reactions, 1 September 1966. Antibodies ca 1964 Handwritten letter from P B Medawar Royal Society acknowledgement of the book Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, 1915-1965 Handwritten notes “New book”, found in Auto-immunity and auto-immune disease 98/4 a Academy “diary” 1965-69 b Unpublished papers on technical topics 1971-74 c W.E.H.I. Office “diary” 1961-65 d “Sir Macfarlane Burnet as President of the Australian Academy of Science”, by J Deeble (written in June 1985 at the request of FMB’s official biographer, C Sexton) 32 cm MS 98 BURNET, F M MS 98 BURNET, F M 4 5

46. Encyclopedia: Frank Macfarlane Burnet Other descriptions of frank macfarlane burnet. sir frank macfarlane burnet (September3, 1899–August 31, 1985) was an Australian biologist. http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Frank-Macfarlane-Burnet

Supporter Benefits Signup Login Sources ... Pies Related Articles People who viewed "Frank Macfarlane Burnet" also viewed: Nobel Prize in medicine Peter Brian Medawar Immune system Human body ... Japanese language What's new? Our next offering Latest newsletter Student area Lesson plans Recent Updates Ultra Maniac USA PATRIOT Act U.S. presidential election, 2004 Twenty_second Amendment to the United States Constitution ... More Recent Articles Top Graphs Richest Most Murderous Most Taxed Most Populous ... More Stats Encyclopedia: Frank Macfarlane Burnet Updated 7 days 21 hours 11 minutes ago. Other descriptions of Frank Macfarlane Burnet Sir Frank MacFarlane Burnet September 3 August 31 ) was an Australian biologist . He was awarded the Nobel Prize in medicine in , along with Peter Brian Medawar , for the discovery that the immune system of the fetus learns how to distinguish between self and non-self. September 3 is the 246th day of the year (247th in leap years). ... 1899 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... August 31 is the 243rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (244th in leap years), with 122 days remaining, as the final day of August. ...

47. The Geelong College - About Us burnet, sir frank macfarlane, 191316, Director of the Walter and Eliza HallInstitute, Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine http://www.geelongcollege.vic.edu.au/about_hist.html

History A Brief History of The Geelong College The first Principal was Mr George Morrison, MA, a graduate of the University of Aberdeen and a man of outstanding scholastic and business ability. After three years the committee assigned the College to the ownership of Mr Morrison. Mr George Morrison In 1871 the school moved into its new, purpose-built building on an initial six acre site on Newtown Hill - now the Senior School campus. The 1871 building was designed by the prominent Geelong and Western District architects Davidson and Henderson in a style known as Victorian Eclectic. It incorporates Gothic and Italianate motifs. Subsequent buildings, up to the present, reflect the various styles of the time, but subsequent College Architects, Lt Col F. C. Purnell, Mr Philip Hudson and for the last 40 years, McGlashan Everist have succeeded in achieving a harmony and integrity of style throughout the Senior School. Mr George Morrison presided over the College from 1861 until 1898. In 1891 the University of Aberdeen recognised his work in education by conferring upon him the degree of Doctor of Laws. In 1898, Dr Morrison was succeeded by his son, Mr Norman Morrison, who remained Headmaster until his accidental death in 1909. In 1908, after 44 years as a privately owned school, the College was transferred back to the Presbyterian Church and governed by a Council set up by the Church. In 1908 the College became a member of the Associated Public Schools of Victoria.

48. Teaching Resources - Famous Australian Scientists sir frank macfarlane burnet from Tall Poppy Campaign, Australian Institute ofPolitical Science http//www.tallpoppies.net.au/australianachievers/burnet. http://science.uniserve.edu.au/school/curric/stage4_5/famsci.html

General Resources Bright Sparcs - from The University of Melbourne, more than 4000 people involved in the development of science, technology and medicine in Australia http://www.asap.unimelb.edu.au/bsparcs/bsparcshome.htm The Teachers' Guide to Bright Sparcs - to accompany the web site above http://www.asap.unimelb.edu.au/bsparcs/guides/t_teachers.htm Nobel e-Museum - the offical web site of the Nobel Foundation http://www.nobel.se/ Australian Nobel Prize Winners - from Tall Poppy Campaign, Australian Institute of Political Science http://www.tallpoppies.net.au/australianachievers/oznp.htm Great Australian Achievers - from Tall Poppy Campaign, Australian Institute of Political Science http://www.tallpoppies.net.au/australianachievers/ The Faculty's Hall of Fame - from The Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney http://www.science.usyd.edu.au/about/fame.html Interviews with Australian scientists - from The Australian Academy of Science http://www.science.org.au/scientists/ Biographical memoirs - from The Australian Academy of Science http://www.science.org.au/academy/memoirs/

49. The Royal Society Of NSW Nossal, GJV., A Tribute to sir frank macfarlane burnet, 7375. Stanton,RL., Stratiform Ores and Geological Processes (Clarke Memorial Lecture, 1985) http://nsw.royalsoc.org.au/journal/118_34.html

MAIN THE SOCIETY NEWS PUBLICATIONS ... LINKS JOURNAL ABSTRACTS Notes on the Abstracts Volume Index Full Text Index Journal and Proceedings of The Royal Society of New South Wales Volume 118 Parts 3 and 4 [ Issued March, 1986 CONTENTS PAGES Nossal, G.J.V ., A Tribute to Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet Stanton, R.L ., Stratiform Ores and Geological Processes (Clarke Memorial Lecture, 1985) Brophy, J.J., Lassak, E.V., and Toba, R.F ., The Volatile Leaf Oils of Two Cultivars of Callistemon viminalis Osborne, R.A.L. and Branagan, D.F ., ?Permian Palaeokarst at Billys Creek, New South Wales Klotz, A.H ., A Note on Representation of Maxwell's Equations in a Curved Space-Time The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science Centenary Lectures 1985 Cole, Trevor W ., Does Technology Need Science? Reinhardt, Lloyd , Science and Truth Thom, B.G ., Geography: An Integrative Science Walker, Michael B ., Science and Gambling: Psychological Perspectives Peacock, W.J "Scientific Sydney": Papers submitted to Seminars held in Joint Meetings with the Royal Australian Historical Society, 1984-1985 MacLeod, R.M

50. The Royal Society Of NSW Tribute to sir frank macfarlane burnet. GJV Nossal. sir macfarlane burnet wasone of the Royal Society of NSW s most distinguished Honorary Members. http://nsw.royalsoc.org.au/journal/nossal_1.html

MAIN THE SOCIETY NEWS PUBLICATIONS ... LINKS JOURNAL ABSTRACTS Notes on the Abstracts Volume Index Full Text Index Journal and Proceedings of The Royal Society of New South Wales Volume 118 Parts 3 and 4 [ Issued March, 1986 pp.73-75 Return to CONTENTS Tribute to Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet G. J. V. Nossal Sir Macfarlane Burnet was one of the Royal Society of N.S.W.'s most distinguished Honorary Members. He died 31st August, 1985, in his 86th pear. Unquestionably one of the fathers of Australian medical science and one this century's greatest biologists, he was awarded the James Cook Medal by the Society in 1954 for his outstanding achievements. we are indebted to Professor Sir Gustav Nossal, Director of the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, for permitting us to publish the following tribute to Sir Macfarlane which was originally given on ABC Radio on 4th September, 1985. How, then, was he so successful, right from the beginning of his research career? Burnet's was a contemplative, almost a solitary, kind of genius. The majority of his papers were single-author works, using simple, elegant techniques, frequently of his own devising and requiring little more than a Pasteur pipette, a test tube, a fertile hen's egg and a microscope. Yet his studies differed sharply from the then current image of Paul de Kruif-style microbe hunting. Burnet's work did not end with the isolation and characterization of some new virus, it began The originality was fed by wide and disciplined reading. His sheer industry in keeping up with literature over a broad front was prodigious. He had zestful, ready willingness to accept the probable truth of new findings or incompletely proven claims. Most scientists, when their comfortable preconceptions are challenged, are so ready to shout: "I don't believe it", or "I'll wait till it's confirmed". Not so Burnet. He embraced new data as just more grist to the mill, ready for integration into his scientific

51. AusBioInfo Biotechnology Portal - Therapeutics (human) - Burnet Institute and Public Health (the burnet Institute) is named after one of Australia sbest known virologists and immunologists, sir frank macfarlane burnet, http://www.ausbioinfo.com/organisations/therapeutics_(human)/burnet_institute/in

Home News Events Employment ... Therapeutics (human) > Burnet Institute Advanced Search Company Info Add Organisation Edit Organisation Search Search Options: All Employment News Organisations Refine your search with the options above. Burnet Institute Organisation Name: Burnet Institute Year Established: Organisation Type: Research Institute Email Enquiries: burnet@burnet.edu.au Telephone: Fax: Website: www.burnet.edu.au Organisation Overview: Product Information: No Information Provided Primary Activity: Primary Market: Therapeutics (human) Personnel: Steven Wesselingh Director Tel: 03 9282 2123 Fax: 03 9282 2126 Email: stevew@burnet.edu.au Kathy Tolli Hepatitis C Research Unit Tel: 03 9282 2271 Fax: 03 9482 6152 Email: tolli@burnet.edu.au Judy Brent Centre for International Health Tel: 03 9282 2289 Fax: 03 9482 2144 Email: judyb@burnet.edu.au Margaret Hellard Tel: 03 9282 2163 Fax: 03 9482 2144 Email: hellard@burnet.edu.au Timothy Powell Centre for Harm Reduction Tel: 03 9282 2169 Fax: 03 9482 2144 Email: timothy@burnet.edu.au Ian Cooke Associate Director Research and Development Tel: 03 9282 2105 Fax: 03 9282 2100 Email: iancooke@burnet.edu.au

52. Oxford Brookes University: Medical Video Archive: Professor Sir Gustav Nossal challenges of vaccine development, sir frank macfarlane burnet. Premier Australianscientist Professor sir Gustav Nossal AC FAA FRS, http://www.brookes.ac.uk/schools/bms/medical/synopses/nossal1.html!

Professor Sir Gustav Nossal AC FAA FRS in interview with Max Blythe Melbourne, Australia, 7 March 1987, Interview I MSVA 19 MSVA 182 Main subjects discussed: history of immunology, clonal selection theory of antibody formation, recent advances in immunology, challenges of vaccine development, Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet. Back to Interviewees

53. Burnet - YourDictionary.com - American Heritage Dictionary Search Mamma.com for burnet . TYPE IN YOUR WORD CLICK GO! Search Bur·netListen b rn t , bûr n t , sir (frank) macfarlane 18991985. http://www.yourdictionary.com/ahd/b/b0564000.html

Search Mamma.com for "Burnet" Search: Normal Definitions Short defs (Pronunciation Key) Bur·net Listen: b r-n t , bûr n t , Sir (Frank) Macfarlane Australian virologist. He shared a 1960 Nobel Prize for work on acquired immunological tolerance. Back to Search Back The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition

54. YourDictionary.com - 'buzz Term' To 'broad Bean' burnet, frank macfarlane burnet, macfarlane burnet, sir (frank) macfarlane burnet, sir frank macfarlane burnet, sir macfarlane http://www.yourdictionary.com/ahd/browse/11.html

Index a b c ... brogue n. brogue n. broider broil n., v. broil intr.v., n. broiler broke broken Broken Arrow ... brook n. brook tr.v. Brooke, Rupert Brookfield brookie brookite ... brush n., v. brush n. brushback brush cut brush discharge brushed ... buck adj., n., v. buck n. buck n. buck n., tr.v. Buck, Pearl Sydenstricker buckaroo buckbean buckboard ... bud n., v. bud n. Budapest Buddha Buddha n. Buddhahood Buddhism budding buddle ... budge v. budge adj., n. budgerigar budget budgie budworm ... buff adj., n., tr.v. buff n. buffalo Buffalo buffalo berry Buffalo Bill ... buffer n. buffer n., tr.v. buffer state buffer zone buffet adj., n. buffet n., v. buffi buffing wheel bufflehead buffo ... bugger n., v. bugger n. buggery buggy n. buggy adj. bughouse bug juice bugle intr.v., n. bugle n. bugle n. bugleweed bug light bugloss buhl ... bull adj., n., v. bull n. bull n. Bull Bull, Ole Bornemann bull. bulla ... bully adj., interj., n., v. bully n. bullyboy bully pulpit bullyrag Bulow, Bernhard Heinrich Martin Karl von ... bum adj., n., v. bum n. bumbershoot bumble v. bumble intr.v., n. bumblebee bumboat bumelia bumf ... bumper n. bumper adj., n. bumper pool bumper sticker bumper-to-bumper bumph ... bumpkin n.

55. Burnet Institute - BIO 2005 - Biotech Australia - Australian Trade Commission It was founded in 1986 and named in honour of the highly acclaimed Australianscientist sir frank macfarlane burnet. We integrate basic and applied http://www.austrade.gov.au/bio2005/layout/0,,0_PWB110468341-1_23kbfwz1i-2_-3_PWB

Search content index asd index Home About the event ... Contact us Business matching Targets and therapeutics Enabling technologies Diagnostics Drug delivery ... View all Burnet Institute Request a meeting with Burnet Institute at Bio 2005 The Burnet Institute is Australia's largest communicable diseases research institute, investigating some of today's most serious viral infections such as HIV/AIDS, hepatitis and measles. It was founded in 1986 and named in honour of the highly acclaimed Australian scientist Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet. We integrate basic and applied laboratory research in virology and other communicable diseases with field research and the design, implementation and evaluation of public health programs. Partnership Opportunity Partnership opportunities exist in many of the current projects underway in the area of Virology - HIV / AIDS and other serious viral infections. Technology Virology Fundamental research on human viruses for development of new treatments and prevention strategies. The Pathogenesis and Clinical Research Program focusses on research aimed at providing a better understanding of how HIV causes AIDS. Competitive Advantages Collaborating Centre status by the United Nations Program on AIDS (UNAIDS) - one of just 12 such centres in the world.

56. Australia Now - Australia's Scientific Achievements sir frank macfarlane burnet shared the 1960 Nobel Prize in Physiology orMedicine; sir John Eccles shared the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or http://www.dfat.gov.au/facts/sci_achv.html

Country and Regional Information - Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade Skip to content About us ... Contact us Site Navigation: Travel Advisories Country information Trade Policy Global Issues ... Home Portfolio websites ACIAR AusAID Austrade EFIC Site tools Media Gateway Students Gateway Business Gateway Site Feedback ... Site Index Today is Nicaragua Independence Day, Costa Rica Independence Day, El Salvador Independence Day, Honduras Independence Day and Guatemala Independence Day Australia's scientific achievements The theme of discovery It was a scientific expedition that brought the navigator James Cook to Australia's shores in 1770, an event which led directly to the settlement of the continent in 1788 by Europeans. The newcomers set about establishing a society and an economy, based on their own traditions, in a distinctly unfamiliar environment, linked to their former homeland only by often infrequent and unreliable shipping. Australian scientists and scientists from many other countries continue to collaborate to extend the frontiers of human knowledge in ways that echo the scientific purposes of Cook's first voyage. The Tidbinbilla Deep Space Station near Canberra, for example, tracks the automated spacecraft that explore other planets of our solar system. The Anglo-Australian Telescope at Siding Spring Observatory, New South Wales, measures the motion of neighbouring galaxies using quasars as reference points.

57. Joshua Lederberg Codiscovered one gene-one enzyme concept. Pioneer of biochemical genetics.burnet, sir frank macfarlane (1899-1985). Australian immunologist. http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/cellmicro/nester/graphics/nester3ehp/common/lederber.

Joshua Lederberg Pioneer of microbial genetics: Joshua Lederberg (1925-) by King-Thom Chung, Department of Biology, The University of Memphis Joshua Lederberg was awarded the 1958 Nobel Prize in medicine and physiology for his discovery of "sexual recombination" in bacteria (bacterial conjugation). This award was shared with Drs. George Wells Beadle (1903-1989) (1) and Edward Lawrie Tatum (1909-1975) (3). Conjugation is mediated by the presence of the F+ factor (fertility factor or plasmid) and requires cell to cell contact. The plasmid can reside inside the donor bacterium as an extrachromosomal element with its own origin of replication or it can be integrated into the bacterial chromosome. When integrated in the chromosome, replicative transfer begins within the F plasmid region at the oriT region and continues into the chromosomal region. Thus the chromosomal genes as well as F plasmid genes are transferred to the recipient cell during conjugation. Via a process of recombination ( Hfr and coined the term plasmid in 1950 to describe extrachromosomal genetic elements. However, the term was not widely accepted until the 1970s when bacterial drug resistance was shown to be mediated by self-transmissible plasmids and became a major medical problem.

58. 20th Century Year By Year1960 burnet, sir frank macfarlane, Australia, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute forMedical Research, Melbourne, b. 1899, d. 1985; and MEDAWAR, sir PETER BRIAN, http://www.historycentral.com/20th/1960.html

Major Event/ Sports Nobel Prizes Pulitz er Prizes ... Popular Book s / Popular Television Shows Popular Music/ Tony Awards Grammy Awards Major Events of 1960 Failed summit in Paris Sino-Soviet split Syngman Rhee resigns Nigeria Becomes Independent ... Planes Collide Over New York Sports NBA: Boston Celtics NCAA Football: Minnesota Heisman Trophy: Joe Bellino Stanley Cup: Montreal Canadienss: World Series:Pittsburgh Top Songs 1."El Paso"...Marty Robbins 2."Running Bear"...Johnny Preston 3."Teen Angel"...Mark Dinning 4.Theme from "A Summer Place"...Percy Faith 5."Stuck on You"...Elvis Presley 6."Cathy's Clown"...Everly Brothers 7."Everybody's Somebody's Fool"...Connie Francis 8."Alley-Oop"...The Hollywood Argyles" 9."I'm Sorry"...Brenda Lee 10."Itsy Bitsy Teenie Weenie Yellow Polka Dot Bikini"... Brian Hyland Top Movies 1. Ben-Hur

59. NSW HSC ONLINE - Biology macfarlane burnet s work in the middle of the twentieth century contributed to sir frank macfarlane burnet was an Australian scientist who won the Nobel http://hsc.csu.edu.au/biology/core/better_health/9_4_5/945net.html

A Charles Sturt University Initiative Search Contact Us Help ... The search for better health 9.4 Search for better health: 5. The immune response Syllabus reference (October 2002 version) 5. MacFarlane Burnet's work in the middle of the twentieth century contributed to a better understanding of the immune response and the effectiveness of immunisation programs Students learn to: identify the components of the immune response: - antibodies - T cells - B cells ... outline the reasons for the suppression of the immune response in organ transplant patients. Students: process, analyse and present information from secondary sources to evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination programs in preventing the spread and occurrence of once common diseases, including small pox, diphtheria and polio Background Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet was an Australian scientist who won the Nobel Prize for his research into physiology. He studied immunology and worked on the development of the influenza vaccine. Burnet, Frank Macfarlane (1899 - 1985)

60. Tomorrow's World, The Australian Initiative - Can We Expect To Live Longer? Two Australian scientists, sir frank macfarlane burnet and sir John Eccles, wereawarded the Nobel Prize. Other scientists have earned international http://apc-online.com/twa/health.html

Can we expect to live longer? Australia has been a major contributor to the growth of global scientific knowledge and to its application to human welfare. It provides a case study in what has been achieved, as well as in what remains to be achieved. Australians overall are by world standards a healthy lot: their expectation of life at birth exceeds 75 years for women and approaches it for men; fewer than ten infants die in the first month of life for every thousand live births. These and other health statistics compare favourably with those of other countries, and stand in striking contrast with Australian figures from earlier in this century. Why have these improvements occurred? The reasons are complex. Changes in the standard of living have clearly been important, especially those factors involving nutrition, hygiene, accommodation and transport. Better organisation and delivery of health care certainly played a role. Much, however, must be related to progress in medical science and technology, to such developments as the discovery of antibiotics and of vaccines for immunisation. In each of these aspects, Australia has played a prominent role. The Royal Flying Doctor Service, for example, led the world in its innovative approach to health care of remote and scattered communities. In medical research, Australian researchers have made outstanding contributions to world knowledge, to an extent quite out of proportion to the volume of research effort. Australians have reaped a double benefit, from the findings of that research and from the early knowledge and application of overseas advances that is made possible by the international networks and local influence of a strong research community.

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