1. Science In India: History Of Mathematics: Indian Mathematicians And Astronomers, Describes indian mathematicians such as Aryabhatta who modelled the solar system, Bhaskar, Varahamira, and others who made important contributions in the fields of trigonometry, algebra, and classical analysis. http://members.tripod.com/~INDIA_RESOURCE/mathematics.htm

setAdGroup('67.18.104.18'); var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "tripod.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Search: Lycos Tripod Dating Search Share This Page Report Abuse Edit your Site ... Next SOUTH ASIAN HISTORY Pages from the history of the Indian sub-continent: Science and Mathematics in India History of Mathematics in India In all early civilizations, the first expression of mathematical understanding appears in the form of counting systems. Numbers in very early societies were typically represented by groups of lines, though later different numbers came to be assigned specific numeral names and symbols (as in India) or were designated by alphabetic letters (such as in Rome). Although today, we take our decimal system for granted, not all ancient civilizations based their numbers on a ten-base system. In ancient Babylon, a sexagesimal (base 60) system was in use. The Decimal System in Harappa In India a decimal system was already in place during the Harappan period, as indicated by an analysis of Harappan weights and measures. Weights corresponding to ratios of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, and 500 have been identified, as have scales with decimal divisions. A particularly notable characteristic of Harappan weights and measures is their remarkable accuracy. A bronze rod marked in units of 0.367 inches points to the degree of precision demanded in those times. Such scales were particularly important in ensuring proper implementation of town planning rules that required roads of fixed widths to run at right angles to each other, for drains to be constructed of precise measurements, and for homes to be constructed according to specified guidelines. The existence of a gradated system of accurately marked weights points to the development of trade and commerce in Harappan society.

2. Ancient Indian Mathematicians A complete, Indian site on school maths, cbse and icse,competitive exams, jokesand puzzles. http://www.ilovemaths.com/ind_mathe.htm

The most fundamental contribution of ancient India in mathematics is the invention of decimal system of enumeration, including the invention of zero. The decimal system uses nine digits (1 to 9) and the symbol zero (for nothing) to denote all natural numbers by assigning a place value to the digits. The Arabs carried this system to Africa and Europe. The Vedas and Valmiki Ramayana used this system, though the exact dates of these works are not known. MohanjoDaro and Harappa excavations (which may be around 3000 B.C. old) also give specimens of writing in India. Aryans came 1000 years later, around 2000 B.C. Being very religious people, they were deeply interested in planetary positions to calculate auspicious times, and they developed astronomy and mathematics towards this end. They identified various nakshatras (constellations) and named the months after them. They could count up to 10 , while the Greeks could count up to 10 and Romans up to 10 . Values of irrational numbers such as and were also known to them to a high degree of approximation. Pythagoras Theorem can be also traced to the Aryan's

3. Great Indian Mathematicians Mathematicians of India MATHEMATICIAN TIME PERIOD Hindu / Indian Baby Names GlossaryGanesha The ElephantGod - All About the Zoomorphic Hindu http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

4. Great Indian Mathematicians Just as the basics principles of Hinduism lay in the Vedas, so do the roots ofmathematics. Discover the marvels of Vedic maths, a unique system of http://hinduism.about.com/library/weekly/extra/bl-indianmathematicians.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Hinduism Hinduism Essentials ... Help zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/7.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the Hinduism newsletter! See Online Courses Search Hinduism Great Mathematicians Mathematicians of India MATHEMATICIAN TIME PERIOD Baudhayana (700 B.C.E.) Apastamba Katyayana Umaswati (150 B.C.E.) Aryabhata (476-c. 550 C.E.) Varahamihira (c. 505-c. 558) Brahmagupta (c. 598-c. 670) Govindaswami (c. 800-850) Mahavira (Mahaviracharya) Pruthudakaswami Sridhara Manjula Aryabhata II Prashastidhara Halayudha Jayadeva Sripathi Hemachandra Suri (b. 1089) Bhaskara (1114-c. 1185) Cangadeva Madhava of Sangamagramma (c. 1340-1425) Narayama Pandit Paramesvara Nilakantha Somayaji Sankara Variar (c. 1500-1560)

5. Ancient Indian Mathematicians With this historical background, we come to the famous indian mathematicians. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

6. I Love Maths -A Complete, Indian Site On Maths I love maths A complete, Indian site on school math. Covers cbse, icse, isc. Fun, humor, jokes and puzzles, vedic maths, ancient mathematicians . http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

7. India And China He cites many sources and remarks on the influence of indian mathematicians and astronomers on Chinese culture, particularly in the sixth and http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

8. Ancient Indian History: Philosophy, Development, Scientific Method, Ethics, Cult indian mathematicians were also the first to invent the concept of abstractinfinite numbers numbers that can only be represented through abstract http://members.tripod.com/~INDIA_RESOURCE/scienceh.htm

setAdGroup('67.18.104.18'); var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "tripod.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Search: Lycos Tripod Aeon Flux Share This Page Report Abuse Edit your Site ... Next SOUTH ASIAN HISTORY Pages from the history of the Indian sub-continent: Realism, Skepticism, Rational Thinking, Scientific Progress and Social Ethics Development of Philosophical Thought and Scientific Method in Ancient India Contrary to the popular perception that Indian civilization has been largely concerned with the affairs of the spirit and "after-life", India's historical record suggests that some of the greatest Indian minds were much more concerned with developing philosophical paradigms that were grounded in reality. The premise that Indian philosophy is founded solely on mysticism and renunciation emanates from a colonial and orientalist world view that seeks to obfuscate a rich tradition of scientific thought and analysis in India. Much of the evidence for how India's ancient logicians and scientists developed their theories lies buried in polemical texts that are not normally thought of as scientific texts. While some of the treatises on mathematics, logic, grammar, and medicine have survived as such - many philosophical texts enunciating a rational and scientific world view can only be constructed from extended references found in philosophical texts and commentaries by Buddhist and Jain monks or Hindu scholars (usually Brahmins). Although these documents are usually considered to lie within the domain of religious studies, it should be pointed out that many of these are in the form of extended polemics that are quite unlike the holy books of Christianity or Islam. These texts attempt to debate the value of the real-world versus the spiritual-world. They attempt to counter the theories of the atheists and other skeptics. But in their attempts to prove the primacy of a mystical soul or "Atman" - they often go to great lengths in describing competing rationalist and worldly philosophies rooted in a more realistic and more scientific perception of the world. Their extensive commentaries illustrate the popular methods of debate, of developing a hypothesis, of extending and elaborating theory, of furnishing proofs and counter-proofs.

9. INDIA'S CONTRIBUTION TO MATHEMATICS (ALGEBRA, ALGORITHM, GEOMETRY for computers was also derived from Indian mathematics. In this chapter we shall examine the advances made by indian mathematicians in ancient http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

10. Aryabhata There are at least two mathematicians who lived by the name Aryabhata. to the timeline click here Go back to the Indian History timeline. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

11. Indian Mathematics Index Ancient indian mathematicians in our archive in chronological order. 800 BC,Baudhayana Alphabetical list of mathematicians born in India http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Indexes/Indians.html

History Topics: Index of Ancient Indian mathematics Articles on Indian Mathematics An overview of Indian mathematics Indian numerals The Indian Sulbasutras Jaina mathematics ... Indian Mathematics: Redressing the balance (Ian G Pearce) Ancient Indian mathematicians in our archive in chronological order 800 BC Baudhayana Bhaskara I Brahmadeva 750 BC Manava Lalla Bhaskara II 600 BC Apastamba Govindasvami Mahendra Suri 520 BC Panini Mahavira Narayana 200 BC Katyayana Prthudakasvami Madhava 120 AD Yavanesvara Sankara Paramesvara Aryabhata I ... Search Form JOC/EFR June 2004 The URL of this page is: http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Indexes/Indians.html

12. Ancient India - Mathematics for computers was also derived from Indian mathematics. In this chapter we shall examine the advances made by indian mathematicians in ancient http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

13. Ancient India - Mathematics Aryabhatta an Indian mathematician who lived in the 5th century AD has But even in the area of Geometry, indian mathematicians had their contribution. http://www.crystalinks.com/indiamathematics.html

Ancient India - Mathematics In India, mathematics has its roots in Vedic literature which is nearly 4000 years old. Between 1000 B.C. and 1000 A.D. various treatises on mathematics were authored by Indian mathematicians in which were set forth for the first time, the concept of zero, the techniques of algebra and algorithm, square root and cube root. A method of graduated calculation was documented in the Pancha-Siddhantika (Five Principles) in the 5th Century. But the technique is said to be dating from Vedic times circa 2000 B.C. The rudiments of Geometry - called Rekha-Ganita in ancient India - were formulated and applied in the drafting of Mandalas for architectural purposes. They were also displayed in the geometric patterns used in many temple motifs. Many motifs in Hindu Temples and Palaces display a mix of floral and Geometric patterns. The technique of calculation, called algorithm, which is today widely used in designing soft ware programs (instructions) for computers was also derived from Indian mathematics. In this chapter we shall examine the advances made by Indian mathematicians in ancient times. In India around the 5th century A.D. a sys tem of mathematics that made astronomical calculations easy was developed. In those times its application was limited to astronomy as its pioneers were Astronomers. As tronomical calculations are complex and involve many variables that go into the derivation of unknown quantities. Algebra is a short-hand method of calculation and by this feature it scores over conventional arithmetic.

14. History Of Mathematics - Facets Of India Ancient And Modern This period is called golden age of Indian Mathematics. In this time great mathematicians like Aryabhatt, Brahmgupt, Mahaveeracharya http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

15. List Of Indian Mathematicians: Information From Answers.com List of indian mathematicians Here is a chronology of the main indian mathematiciansBCE Yajnavalkya , 1800 BC, the author of the altar mathematics. http://www.answers.com/topic/list-of-indian-mathematicians

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping List of Indian mathematicians Wikipedia List of Indian mathematicians Here is a chronology of the main Indian mathematicians: BCE Yajnavalkya , 1800 BC, the author of the altar mathematics of the Shatapatha Brahmana Lagadha - Author of a 1350 BC text on Vedic astronomy Baudhayana 800 BC Manava , 750 BC Apastamba , 700 BC Aksapada Gautama , 550 BC, Logician Katyayana 400 BC Panini , 5th century BC Pingala , 5th century BC Bharata Muni , 450 BC 0-1000 CE Aryabhata - Astronomer who gave very accurate calculations for constants, 500 AD Varahamihira Bhaskara I , 620 AD Brahmagupta - Helped bring the concept of zero into arithmetic, Virahanka 8th century ) - Gave explicit rules for the Fibonacci series. Shridhara (between ) - Gave a good rule for finding the volume of a sphere. Lalla Govindsvamin 9th century Virasena ... Prithudaka , 9th century Halayudha , 10th century Aryabhata II Vateshvara 10th century Brahmadeva ... Gopala - Studied Fibonacci numbers before Fibonacci Hemachandra - Also studied Fibonacci numbers before Fibonacci Bhaskara Gangesha Upadhyaya , 13th century, Logician, Mithila school Pakshadhara , sone of Gangehsa, Logician, Mithila school Shankara Mishra , Logician, Mithila school Narayana Pandit Madhava - Considered the father of mathematical analysis Parameshvara Nilakantha Somayaji - Mathematician and Astronomer Mahendra Suri 14th century Shankara Variyar (c.

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17. Indian Mathematics: Information From Answers.com 8. James Gregory series expansion. See Madhava. 9. The Panini Backus Normal Form.10. Trigonometric Tables See Aryabhata. See also indian mathematicians http://www.answers.com/topic/indian-mathematics

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping Indian mathematics Wikipedia Indian mathematics It is requested that this article, or a section of this article, be expanded See the request on the listing or elsewhere on this talk page. Once the improvements have been completed, you may remove this notice and the page's listing Indian contributions to mathematics include 1. Decimal System - Goes back as far as the Indus Valley civilization 2. Zero See Arabic Numerals 3. Negative Numbers See Brahmagupta 4. Algebra See e.g. Aryabhata 5. The series popularly 'known' as Fibonacci series 6. Calculus See Bhaskara Neither Newton nor Leibnitz - The Pre-History of Calculus and Celestial Mechanics in Medieval Kerala http://www.canisius.edu/topos/rajeev.asp 7. Theorem popularly known as Pythagoras Theorem 8. "James Gregory" series expansion. See Madhava 9. The Panini Backus Normal Form 10. Trigonometric Tables See Aryabhata See also: Indian mathematicians External links History of Indian Mathematics http://members.tripod.com/~INDIA_RESOURCE/mathematics.htm

18. ECIT Indian Thought This is by no means a complete list of influential indian mathematicians or Indian contributions to mathematics, but rather a survey of the http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

19. List Of Indian Mathematicians - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia indian mathematicians have made outstanding contributions to the development ofmathematics as we know it today. The Indian decimal notation of numbers, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indian_mathematicians

List of Indian mathematicians From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The chronology of Indian mathematics spans from the Indus valley civilization and the Vedas to Modern times. Indian mathematicians have made outstanding contributions to the development of mathematics as we know it today. The Indian decimal notation of numbers, concept of zero have probably provided some of the biggest impetus' to advances in the field. Concepts from India were carried to the Middle East, where they studied extensively. From there they made their way to Europe. Unfortunately, some concepts of Indian origin have not been given due acknowledgement in modern history, with many discoveries/inventions by Indian mathematicians now attributed to their western counterparts. More recently, evidence has been unearthed that the foundations of calculus were made in India. Contents BC AD 1-1000 Born in 1800s Born in 1900s ... edit BC Yajnavalkya , 1800 BC, the author of the altar mathematics of the Shatapatha Brahmana Lagadha - Author of a 1350 BC text on Vedic astronomy Baudhayana 800 BC Manava , 750 BC Apastamba , 700 BC Aksapada Gautama , 550 BC, Logician Katyayana 400 BC Pingala , 5th century BC Bharata Muni , 450 BC edit AD 1-1000 Aryabhata - Astronomer who gave very accurate calculations for astronomical constants, 500

20. Category:Indian Mathematicians - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia also be browsed by field and by period. The root category for mathematiciansis here. For more information, see the article about indian mathematicians. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Indian_mathematicians

Category:Indian mathematicians From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Mathematicians from Asia and Oceania by nationality Arab Australian Azerbaijani Chinese ... Hong Kong Indian Iranian Israeli Japanese New Zealand ... Vietnamese Other continents: Africa Americas Europe This category is for Indian mathematicians . Mathematicians can also be browsed by field and by period . The root category for mathematicians is here For more information, see the article about Indian mathematicians Subcategories There is 1 subcategory to this category. L Indian logicians Articles in category "Indian mathematicians" There are 53 articles in this category. A Shreeram Shankar Abhyankar Manindra Agrawal Aksapada Gautama Apastamba ... A. A. Krishnaswami Ayyangar B Baudhayana Bhaskara Bhaskara I Raj Chandra Bose ... Brahmagupta C Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar Sarvadaman Chowla G Gopala G cont. Govindsvamin H Halayudha Harish-Chandra Hemachandra J Jagannatha Jayadeva (mathematician) Jyesthadevan K Kamalakara D. R. Kaprekar Katyayana (mathematician) L Lagadha Lalla M Madhava Mahavira (mathematician) Mahendra Suri Manava ... Munishvara N Dadabhai Naoroji N cont.

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