41. Rocky Mountain News: Opinion pseudonym for a group of highly influential french mathematicians. describe him as a nonexistent but very clever polycephalic French mathematician. http://www.rockymountainnews.com/drmn/opinion/article/0,1299,DRMN_38_3947551,00.

GetAd('11', false, 'h1', 115, 60, 'OPINION_ARTICLE_DETAIL', ''); GetAd('12', true, 'h2', 468, 60, 'OPINION_ARTICLE_DETAIL', ';dcopt=ist'); Classifieds Autos Jobs Homes ... Travel Deals Search site for: Home News Sports Business ... Columnists Forum Share your opinion on current events or anything else affecting your world in our forum. Click here Letters Don't agree with a reader's opinion? Need to sound off on an issue? Write your own Letter to the Editor Stein's view See current events through the pen of News editorial cartoonist Ed Stein. Click here Special reports In-depth and investigative reports from the pages of the Rocky Mountain News. Click here Multimedia Video, 360-degree photography and other multimedia news coverage. Click here PRINT THIS STORY E-MAIL THIS STORY Seebach: How to get some help with math- wiki-wiki July 23, 2005 You meet the nicest people on blogs. A few weeks ago I wrote a column soliciting advice for Denver's new school superintendent, Michael Bennet, on how to chose his chief academic officer. One of the readers who responded was Catherine Johnson, from New York. She invited me to go have a look at the Web log she started in April with Carolyn Johnston, www.weblog.kitchentablemath.net.

42. Fractals first posed between 1915 and 1930 by french mathematicians Gaston Julia and the French mathematician who first made these painstaking investigations http://curvebank.calstatela.edu/fractal/fractal.htm

Back to . . . Curve Bank Home The Mandelbrot Set weds the graphing of complex numbers to the recursive power of modern computers. MandelZoom takes approximately 15 seconds to load. Be patient. MandelZoom (C) Louis P. Santillan 2001-2002 Instructions: Click to zoom IN. O to zoom OUT. R to reset to the original screen. C to CHANGE COLORS. For source code, email Louis here. Back to . . . Curve Bank Home The points of a Mandelbrot Set are bounded as follows: x: -2 x y i i x i Size: radius or distance from (0,0) The full Mandelbrot Set is plotted within the inscribed circle of radius . Other views showing the fractal edge are displayed by zooming in on only a portion of the bounded area. Sample calculation: Mathematicians in the early 20th century investigated curves that had highly intricate and detailed shapes. Moreover, they realized that while a region might be bounded and thus the area finite, the perimeter or border might seem to be infinite. These curves - the Koch Snowflake for example - with finite area and infinite perimeter, were given the name of "pathological." This particular area of research in mathematics has generated colorful names: Cantor's dust, Polya's sweeps, Peano's dragons, Sierpinski's carpet and others. When the edge of a curve under many iterations is broken, repeated, scaled down, and then scaled down again as the iterations progress, the curve has now become known as a fractal. This relatively new word in mathematics was first coined by Benoit B. Mandelbrot and introduced to mathematicians and computer scientists in

43. AMCA: Joint Meeting Of AMS, DMV, And ÖMG - Abstracts french mathematicians through the First World War by Catherine Goldstein The talk will follow some french mathematicians through and after the war and http://at.yorku.ca/cgi-bin/amca/select/caoz-01?session=14

44. D'Alembert Biography of this noted french thinker by J.J. O'Connor and E.F. Robinson. Includes links to related thinkers in the mathematical tradition. http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/D'Alembert.html

Jean Le Rond d'Alembert Born: 17 Nov 1717 in Paris, France Died: 29 Oct 1783 in Paris, France Click the picture above to see nine larger pictures Show birthplace location Previous (Chronologically) Next Biographies Index Previous (Alphabetically) Next Main index Version for printing Jean d'Alembert 's father was an artillery officer, Louis-Camus Destouches and his mother was Mme de Tencin. She had been a nun but had received a papal dispensation in 1714 which allowed her to begin [4]:- ... a brilliant social career in which political intrigues and amorous liaisons contended for first place; a timely participation in the famous John Law Scheme allowed her to pursue these activities in complete financial security. [John Law was a Scottish monetary reformer who founded a bank in Paris in 1716 with authority to issue notes. It was highly successful at first, the time when Mme de Tencin made her money, but collapsed in 1720.] D'Alembert was the illegitimate son from one of Mme de Tencin 'amorous liaisons'. His father, Louis-Camus Destouches, was out of the country at the time of d'Alembert's birth and his mother left the newly born child on the steps of the church of St Jean Le Rond. The child was quickly found and taken to a home for homeless children. He was baptised Jean Le Rond, named after the church on whose steps he had been found. When his father returned to Paris he made contact with his young son and arranged for him to be cared for by the wife of a glazier, Mme Rousseau. She would always be d'Alembert's mother in his own eyes, particularly since his real mother never recognised him as her son, and he lived in Mme Rousseau's house until he was middle-aged.

45. Mathematicians And Other Strange Beasts Galois, Evariste french mathematician who developed the theory of groups; Joseph Louis Lagrange french mathematician, whom I claim in my thesis is http://math.bu.edu/INDIVIDUAL/jeffs/mathematicians.html

Mathematicians and Other Oddities of Nature Banach-Tarski Paradox : In 1924, two Polish mathematicians, Stefan Banach and Alfred Tarski, proved a rather peculiar result: you could decompose a sphere (or any polyhedral figure) into a finite number of pieces, then from those pieces, reconstruct a similar sphere of larger volume. Since this would imply that all volumes are the same, this upset a number of people. Cantor, Georg : German mathematician who first examined the notion of infinities and showed that not all infinities are equal: some are more equal then others. Cardano, Giralamo : Italian mathematician, best known for his Ars Magna , a compendium of algebra published in 1545 (right on the heels of Vesalius De Fabrica Corporis Humanis and Copernicus' De Revolutionibus : the 1540s were a banner decade for scientific advance.) Cardano is best known for having published in Ars Magna Niccolo Tartaglia's rule for solving cubic equations , much to Tartaglia's annoyance. (Cardano gave Tartaglia full credit, though not very loudly...in those days, practitioners of mathematics got their fame by being able to solve problems no one else could, and if every Tomas, Riccardo, and Enrico could solve a cubic, Niccolo's reputation would be worthless). Tartaglia spent the rest of his life trying to discredit Cardano. Cubic Equations Galois and Abel were able to show that solutions to the fifth or higher degree equations were impossible. Solving the cubic was fraught with

46. Bourbaki, Nicolas --  Encyclopædia Britannica Bourbaki, Nicolas pseudonym chosen by eight or nine young mathematicians in The surname, selected in jest, was that of a french general who fought in http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?tocId=9015945

47. ScienceNOW -- Sign In french Mathematician Wins Crafoord Prize. This year s halfmillion-dollar CrafoordPrize will go to one of the world s top mathematicians, Alain Connes, http://sciencenow.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2001/126/2

You do not have access to this item: Full Text : French Mathematician Wins Crafoord Prize , ScienceNOW You are on the site via Free Public Access. What content can I view with Free Public Access If you have a personal user name and password, please login below. Science NOW Sign In Options For Viewing This Content User Name Password this computer. Help with Sign In If you don't use cookies, sign in here Join AAAS and subscribe to Science for free full access. Sign Up More Info Subscribe to Science NOW Sign Up More Info Site Pass 24 hours for US $10.00 from your current computer Regain Access to a recent Site Pass purchase Need More Help? Can't get past this page? Forgotten your user name or password? AAAS Members activate your FREE Subscription

48. Two Mathematicians Awarded Fields Medal Prize french mathematician Laurent Lafforgue was one of two winners awarded a 2002Fields Medal Prizeat the 24th International Congress of mathematicians which http://english.people.com.cn/200208/20/eng20020820_101785.shtml

About Us Help Sitemap Archive ... Sci-Edu Last updated at: (Beijing Time) Wednesday, August 21, 2002 Two Mathematicians Awarded Fields Medal Prize France's Laurent Lafforgue and Vladimir Voevododsky from Russia won the 2002 Fields Medal Prize at the opening ceremony of the 24th International Congress of Mathematicians. Chinese President Jiang Zemin awarded the Fields medalists together with Palles, the president of the International Mathematics Union. PRINT DISCUSSION CHINESE SEND TO FRIEND Two Mathematicians Awarded Fields Medal Prize President Jiang Zemin Tuesday granted the 2002 Fields Medal to two maths brains at the opening ceremony of the International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) 2002 in Beijing The winners of the Fields Medal considered the most distinguished international award in mathematics are French mathematician Laurent Lafforgue and Russia n mathematician Vladimir Voevodsky. At the opening ceremony, the 2002 Nevanlinna Prize, another renowned award in the mathematics community, was granted to India n mathematician Madhu Sudan.

49. Teacher Guide - A Fly On The Ceiling: The Story Of Cartesian Coordinates René Descartes was a french mathematician and philosopher. His system of Cartesiancoordinates helped mathematicians locate and describe objects, http://www.k12.com/curriculum/subjects/sample_lessons/lessons/content_lesson_666

History - Unit : Introducing the Modern World: The Scientific Revolution Teacher Guide Lesson 4: A Fly on the Ceiling: The Story of Cartesian Coordinates René Descartes was a French mathematician and philosopher. His system of Cartesian coordinates helped mathematicians locate and describe objects, and made it possible to plot courses with greater precision. Lesson Objectives Identify René Descartes as a French mathematician and philosopher. Describe Cartesian coordinates as a way of locating any object on a graph. Explain that Descartes's system was a great advance in mathematics. PREPARE Approximate lesson time is 60 min. Background Information René Descartes (1596-1650) was a contemporary of Galileo. His key work was Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting One's Reason and Seeking Truth in the Sciences Keywords and Pronunciations Cartesian: kahr-TEE-zhuhn René Descartes: ruh-NAY day-KAHRT Anton van Leeuwenhoek: AHN-tohn vahn LAY-ven-hook Teach Activity 1. Descartes and Cartesian Coordinates This main teaching activity is online. Your student may complete this activity alone or with your help.

50. September 27 - Definition Of September 27 In Encyclopedia 1913), french mathematician; 1855 Paul Appell 1 (http//www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/mathematicians/Appell.html) (d. 1930), french mathematician http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/September_27

Add to Favorites General Encyclopedia Legal ... Law forum Search Word: Visit our Law forums Labor Law Accidents Law Bankruptcy Law Business Law ... Tax Law September 27 is the 270th day of the year (271st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 95 days remaining. September Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa 2005 calendar Contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Events 2 Births 3 Deaths 4 Holidays and observances ... 5 Recorded this date Events Odoacer attacks Theoderic at the Battle of Verona , and is defeated again. Jesuit Order receives its charter from Pope Paul III Pope Urban VII dies 13 days after being chosen as the Pope , making his reign the shortest papacy in history - Armies of Sweden utterly defeated by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Battle of Kircholm United States Constitution delivered to the states for ratification Mexico gains its independence from Spain - The Stockton and Darlington Railway was opened. First locomotive pulling a passenger train operated on the line by George Stephenson - The steamship Arctic sinks with 300 people on board. This marks the first great disaster in the Atlantic Ocean Albert Einstein published the paper "Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?" on Annalen der Physik. This paper revealed the relationship between energy and mass.

51. Henri Lebesgue Integral Integration Lebesgue's Functions mathematicians sometimes use the term to encompass higher dimensional 1941)was a french mathematician, most famous for his theory of integration. http://www.economicexpert.com/a/Henri:Lebesgue.html

var GLB_RIS='http://www.economicexpert.com';var GLB_RIR='/cincshared/external';var GLB_MMS='http://www.economicexpert.com';var GLB_MIR='/site/image';GLB_MML='/'; document.write(''); document.write(''); document.write(''); document.write(''); A1('s',':','html'); Non User A B C ... Home First Prev [ 1 Next Last Henri Léon Lebesgue June 28 July 26 ) was a French mathematician , most famous for his theory of integration Lebesgue's integration theory was originally published in his dissertation, Intégral, longueur, aire ("Integral, length, area"), at the University of Nancy in Lebesgue's father was a typesetter, who died of tuberculosis when his son was still very young, and Lebesgue himself suffered from poor health throughout his life. After the death of his father, his mother worked tirelessly to support him. He was a brilliant student in primary school, and he later studied at the Ecole Normale Supérieure Lebesgue married the sister of one of his fellow students, and he and his wife had two children, Suzanne and Jacques. He worked on his dissertation while teaching in Nancy at a preparatory school. 1 Lebesgue's theory of integration This is a non-technical treatment from a historical point of view; see the article

52. PlanetMath: Bourbaki, Nicolas This gives you and idea of what a young french mathematician knew in 1930. DJHenri Cartan, another student in Paris shortly after the war affirmed http://planetmath.org/encyclopedia/NicolasBourbaki.html

(more info) Math for the people, by the people. Encyclopedia Requests Forums Docs ... Random Login create new user name: pass: forget your password? Main Menu sections Encyclop¦dia Papers Books Expositions meta Requests Orphanage Unclass'd Unproven ... Classification talkback Polls Forums Feedback Bug Reports downloads Snapshots PM Book information News Docs Wiki ChangeLog ... About Nicolas Bourbaki (Biography) The Problem DJ DJ ] Henri Cartan, another student in Paris shortly after the war affirmed : ``we were the first generation after the war. Before us their was a vide, a vacuum, and it was necessary to make everything new.''[ JA ] This is exactly what a few young Parisian math students set out to do. The Beginnings WA class BA ] According to Weil, his friend Cartan was constantly asking him questions about the best way to present a given topic to his class, so much so that Weil eventually nicknamed him ``the grand inquisitor''.[ WA ] After months of persistent questioning, in the winter of 1934, Weil finally got the idea to gather friends (and former classmates) to settle their problem by rewriting the treatise for their course. It is at this moment that Bourbaki was conceived. The suggestion of writing this treatise spread and very soon a loose circle BL ]. According to Chevalley the project was extremely naive. The idea was to simply write another textbook to replace Goursat's.[

53. The French Mathematician - Tom Petsinis A review, and links to other information about and reviews of The FrenchMathematician by Tom Petsinis. http://www.complete-review.com/reviews/maths/petsint.htm

A Literary Saloon Site of Review. Trying to meet all your book preview and review needs. Contents: Main the Best the ... Links to e-mail us: the complete review - fiction The French Mathematician by Tom Petsinis general information review summaries our review links ... about the author Title: The French Mathematician Author: Tom Petsinis Genre: Novel Written: Length: 422 pages Availability: The French Mathematician - US The French Mathematician - UK The French Mathematician - Canada - Deutschland "This novel arose from an earlier project that was submitted for a Master of Arts degree titled A Fictional Biography of the French Mathematician Evariste Galois 1811-1832 ." - Return to top of the page - Our Assessment: B : decent novel, great material See our review for fuller assessment. Review Summaries Source Rating Date Reviewer Australian Book Review James Bradley - Return to top of the page - The complete review 's Review Tom Petsinis' novel has Galois tell his own story, a first person account of a wild, number-obsessed life that ended in tragedy. It begins cleverly enough, with chapter 0, where Galois sees himself "reduced to a singular point; in an instant I am transformed to

54. Pierre De Fermat: Biography And Much More From Answers.com french mathematician who developed number theory and probability theory. Meaning 1 french mathematician who founded number theory; contributed (with http://www.answers.com/topic/pierre-de-fermat

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Scientist Dictionary Encyclopedia WordNet Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping Pierre de Fermat Scientist Fermat, Pierre de [b. Beaumont-de-Lomagne, France, August, 1601, d. Castres, near Toulouse, France, January 12, 1665] Fermat was a lawyer whose thoughts on mathematics were transmitted mainly by correspondence with other mathematicians. He discovered analytic geometry a year before Descartes had the same idea. Fermat employed some of the main ideas of calculus before either Newton or Leibniz. His main fame today, however, comes from his work in number theory. Fermat's "last theorem," which is that for natural numbers x, y, and z there is no natural number n greater than 2 for which x n + y n = z n is true, is especially well known. Fermat claimed a proof of this theorem, but did not reveal it. It was finally proved in 1995. Dictionary Fer·mat fĕr-m¤ Pierre de French mathematician who developed number theory and probability theory. Encyclopedia Fermat, Pierre de

55. Pierre-Simon Laplace: Biography And Much More From Answers.com french mathematician and astronomer noted for his theory of a nebular origin of A french mathematician and scientist of the late eighteenth and early http://www.answers.com/topic/pierre-simon-laplace

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Scientist Dictionary Encyclopedia Science WordNet Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping Pierre-Simon Laplace Scientist Laplace, Pierre-Simon Pierre-Simon Laplace Library of Congress [b. Beaumont-en-Auge, France, March 28, 1749, d. Paris, March 5, 1827] Laplace used mathematics to study the origin and stability of the solar system, completing Newton's work in his book M©chanique c©leste ("celestial mechanics"). In the process Laplace invented the general concept of potential as it applies to any field, such as a gravitational or electric field. Laplace was also the main contributor to probability theory before the 20th century. Dictionary La·place lə-pl¤s , l¤- , Marquis Pierre Simon de French mathematician and astronomer noted for his theory of a nebular origin of the solar system and his investigations into gravity and the stability of planetary motion. Encyclopedia Laplace, Pierre Simon, marquis de pyĕr sēm´N m¤rkē də l¤pl¤s ) , 1749–1827, French astronomer and mathematician. At 18 he went to Paris, proved his gift for mathematical analysis to Jean le Rond d'Alembert, and was made professor of mathematics in the ‰cole militaire of Paris. He had a seat in the senate (1799) and became its vice president and (1803) chancellor. He was elected to the French Academy in 1816. He investigated the variations of the moon's motions, especially as affected by the eccentricity of the earth's orbit; the inequalities in the motions of Jupiter and Saturn; the motion of the satellites of Jupiter; the aberration in the movements of comets; and the theory of the tides. With J. L. Lagrange he established beyond a doubt Newton's theory of gravitation. The results of his researches were published in his famous

56. Gef's Ambigram Gallery french mathematician and computer engineer, creators of the oulipo Web site mailing list french mathematician, creator of OuLiPo with Raymond Queneau http://www2.iap.fr/users/esposito/ambigallery.html

Gef's Ambigram Gallery An ambigram is a word or a group of words which can be read in at least two different ways. The most usual are symmetric under a rotation of 180 degrees (i.e., they look the same upside down) or under a vertical axis reflection (i.e., they look the same in a mirror). The term "ambigram" was coined by Douglas Hofstadter and some of his friends; see pp. 274-277 of his excellent book Metamagical Themas (Basic Books, 1985). The most remarkable artist in this field is Scott Kim, in my opinion. His book Inversions (Byte Books, 1981) is notably marvelous, and his Web site displays many of his calligraphic creations. Several other impressive ambigram sites are also quoted at the bottom of the present page You will find below various ambigrams of names that I drew in 2001. [I constructed many more in the 90's, either of conceptual terms or of names, but I never scanned them nor redrew them on a computer.] Most of the following names are those of authors who like to play with words and literary constraints, and who always love the symmetry of palindromes. This is the reason why I wished to "invert" their names. The word "OuLiPo" is often quoted below. It means

57. Two Fibonacci's Problems Bashe de Misiriaque (9.10.1581 26.2.1638) is the french mathematician and poet.He wrote in french, in Italian and in Latin, knew Greek. http://www.goldenmuseum.com/1001TwoProblems_engl.html

Two Fibonacci's problems When we told about Fibonacci we emphasized that he proposed and solved many combinatorial problems in his famous book "Liber Abaci" published in 1202. The problem of "rabbit reproduction" is the most known among them. This one led him to the famous number series 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, ... made famous his name and became the topic of the Fibonacci Association investigation. Leonardo Pisano Fibonacci (1170-1228) The next problem looked by Fibonacci is called the "problem of choosing the best system of standard weights for weighing on the balance". The history of the problem is the following. From Fibonacci's works it "migrated" to the works of the famous Italian mathematician Luca Pachioli who was "the friend and scientific adviser of Leonardo da Vince". Luca Pachioli placed it in his work "Summa de Arithmetica, Geomeytria, Proprtioni et Proportionalita" published in 1494. This one is considered rightfully as the mathematical encyclopedia of the Renaissance epoch. Luca Pachioli (1454-1514) Later the "weighing problem" appeared in the "Collection of the nice and entertaining problems" (1612) written by the French mathematician Bashe de Misiriaque. From the "Biographical directory of figures in mathematics field" by Borodin and Bugaj we know the following:

58. Britannica Student Encyclopedia In 1637 the french mathematician Pierre de Fermat wrote in his copy of the french mathematician who was a pioneer in the development of analytic http://www.britannica.com/ebi/print_toc?tocId=9274290

59. Ivars Peterson's MathTrek - The Galois Story The french Mathematician. New York Walker. Rothman, T. 1991. Science à la Mode.Princeton, NJ Princeton University Press. . 1982. http://www.maa.org/mathland/mathtrek_3_1_99.html

Search MAA Online MAA Home Ivars Peterson's MathTrek March 1, 1999 The Galois Story The tragic tale of Évariste Galois (1811-1832), a mathematical prodigy who died in a duel at the tender age of 20, is one of the more dramatic stories in the history of mathematics. Most people owe what they know about Galois to a stirring account written in 1937 by the mathematician Eric Temple Bell in his book Men of Mathematics. In a chapter titled "Genius and Stupidity," he described the young Galois and his tormented state of mind on the night before the ill-fated duel. Bell wrote: "All night ... he had spent the fleeting hours feverishly dashing off his last will and testament, writing against time to glean a few of the great things in his teeming mind before the death which he foresaw could overtake him. Time after time he broke off to scribble in the margin 'I have not time; I have not time,' and passed on to the next frantically scrawled outline. What he wrote in those desperate last hours before the dawn will keep generations of mathematicians busy for hundreds of years." Évariste Galois Great stuffthe sort of tragic but inspiring tale that readily gets passed on from one generation of math students to another. Indeed, Bell's account is echoed in numerous textbooks, articles, and other material.

60. Junk J. Robert (19041967) US physicist; Pascal, Blaise (1623-1662) frenchmathematician, physicist, theologian; Pasteur, Louis (1822-1895) french chemist, http://www.bemorecreative.com/p-scien.htm

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