61. Lady Pi He took the value of pi expressed in binary, which begins11.001001000011111101101010100010001000010110100011000010001101001100010011 http://users.aol.com/s6sj7gt/ladypi.htm

Lady Pi Mike Keith June 1999 Sure, the digits of the number pi (3.14159265358979...) are a random-looking primordial soup. But did you know there's a picture of a person hiding in there? Here's how to uncover it. This discovery was first made in 1998 by Richard Lawrence of Schuyler Falls, New York, working entirely by hand. He took the value of pi expressed in binary, which begins and arranged the binary digits in order on a spiral within a hexagonal lattice, like so: Figure 1. Binary pi on a hexagonal spiral. Then, he colored in the locations of the "1" bits, as shown in the figure. After extending the plot to about 15 revolutions of the spiral, he noticed what appeared to be a "face" just above the center of the plot. The face has two eyes, an open mouth, and even appears to have hair flowing off to the right. What happens, we wondered, if the plot is continued? The result is shown below. Figure 2. Lady pi walks in the Sunlit Garden. After drawing 50 revolutions of the binary-pi spiral, we have colored in three areas using a flood fill. Voila! - it's Lady Pi. She has a face with two eyes (and, well, yes, kind of an odd-shaped mouth), hair streaming off to her left, a long flowing robe, and - most dramatic - her right hand is lifted up to sheild her eyes from the sun. The center of the spiral shown in Figure 1 is right at the base of her "neck".

62. James Gosling: On The Java Road This has a necessarily slightly inaccurate value of pi, which is likely to PI is around. 1.2246467991473532E16. while the computed value from fsin is http://blogs.sun.com/roller/page/jag

James Gosling: on the Java Road Wednesday September 14, 2005 JavaChina We've been holding a big Java event in China for the past couple of days, following NetBeans day on Monday. JavaChina is roughly similar to JavaOne. We had about 8000 addendees who've been through two days of intense training sessions. I've been doing so much talking to so many groups that my throat needs a retread. Really cool. There's a great developer community here in China. The low point was when I started my main talk in a 4000 seat room stuffed to the rafters, the slides that came up on the screen were totally wrong: they were the ones for a talk I gave last week in St Petersburg. The big photo of a Russian Orthodox cathedral on the first slide was a big surprise. 10 minutes of vamping later, the stage crew finally got it sorted out [Thanks Bob!]. *blush* (Wed Sep 14 03:44:11 PDT 2005) (Roller's date: Sep 14 2005, 04:00:34 AM PDT ) Permalink Comments [4] Monday September 12, 2005 Netbeans in Beijing We just finished a special one-day event in Beijing focused on Netbeans , part of the world tour . We had a series of in-depth talks on a broad range of issues in Netbeans. The fellow who was supposed to be the moderator and first speaker had flight troubles (thunderstorms at Narita) that delayed him by a day so I ended up doing double duty: his parts and mine. It was a very good crowd. I also did a 2 hour chat session with developers all over China that was run by

63. Pi The value of pi given to 400 decimal places in the top frame has been calculatedusing A further calculation gives the value of pi to 10000 decimals. http://www.cs.ualberta.ca/~smillie/Pi.html

The Calculation of Pi. The value of pi given to 400 decimal places in the top frame has been calculated using the array language J which is a product of Iverson Software Inc . (The author's J Page gives a brief discussion of J and contains links to several tutorials.) A further calculation gives the value of pi to decimals. In 2002 two Japanese scientists calculated pi to 1.24 trillion digits using 400 hours of supercomputer time. Written in 9-point New Courier font this number would extend for 1.5 million miles. An excellent reference to pi is Pi: A Source Book by Lennart Berggren, Jonathan Borwein and Peter Borwein (Springer, 1997, 716 pp.). This collection of 70 papers cover the topics of general introductions, the irrationality and transcence of pi , elliptic integrals and related subjects, and computational issues. Three Appendices cover the early history of pi , a computational chronology, and selected formulae for pi . There is a bibliography of some 130 references many of which appear in the Source Book. The Web contains many references to pi ; see, for example

64. PiNotes For most persons the value of pi is 22/7 or 3 1/7, or if greater accuracy is From either of these passages we may infer a value of pi equal to 3. http://www.cs.ualberta.ca/~smillie/PiNotes/PiNotes.html

A Few Notes on Pi Keith Smillie May 2003 Introduction Ancient values Classical calculations Analytical methods ... Appendix. J Programs Introduction The constant pi , the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, is one of the most famous numbers in mathematics. For most persons the value of pi is 22/7 or 3 1/7, or if greater accuracy is required 3.14159. A value of approximately 3 was known to the ancient Egyptians and Babylonians, and a value of exactly 3 may be inferred from a passage in the Old Testament. The calculation of pi to an increasingly greater number of decimal places has fascinated, sometimes to the point of obsession, many persons almost since antiquity. For many years one of the best known calculations was that of the Englishman William Shanks who in 1873 calculated pi to 707 places, of which only the first 527 were later proven to be correct. In 1882 the German mathematician F. Lindemann showed that pi is transcendental and was not the root of a polynomial with rational coefficients. This showed conclusively the impossibility of squaring the circle, i.e., of finding the side of a square whose area is equal to that of a given circle, which was one of the three famous problems of antiquity. This result, together with the earlier proof in 1767 that pi is irrational, discouraged much further work on computing the value of

65. Is The Bible Wrong About Pi? Of course there is a certain category error here, since the value of pi is (sowe are told by the mathematicians) one of those things that we can never http://www.tektonics.org/lp/piwrong.html

Apologetics Ministries Apologetics Encyclopedia of Bible Verses get your answers here! Look up by person's name, Scripture cite, or keyword search] What's New! Book Reviews and Bookstore Donate to the Ministry Challenge to Critics ... Why Critics of the Bible Do Not Deserve Benefit of the Doubt Search What Letter? A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U-V W XYZ What Bible Book? Genesis Exodus Leviticus Numbers Deuteronomy Joshua Judges Ruth 1 Samuel 2 Samuel 1 Kings 2 Kings 1 Chronicles 2 Chronicles Ezra-Nehemiah Esther-Job Psalms Proverbs Ecclesiastes-Song Isaiah Jeremiah-Lam. Ezekiel Daniel Hosea-Joel Amos-Obadiah Jonah-Micah Nahum-Habakkuk Zephaniah-Haggai Zachariah-Malachi Matthew Mark Luke-Acts John Romans Galatians Colossians Pastorals/Philemon Hebrews James 1 and 2 Peter 1, 2, 3 John, Jude Revelation Support Us Cross Daily.com Awesome Christian Sites Click Here ... Print out flyers for your church or school. Get the entire Tekton site on CD or zipfile . Get a stripped-down copy of this page.

66. Sample Chapter For Maor, E.: To Infinity And Beyond: A Cultural History Of The I The Biblical value of pi, by comparison, is exactly 3, as is clear from a In modern language we say that pi is the limit of the values derived from http://www.pupress.princeton.edu/chapters/s4887.html

SEARCH: Keywords Author Title More Options Power Search Search Hints E-MAIL NOTICES NEW IN PRINT E-BOOKS ... HOME PAGE To Infinity and Beyond: A Cultural History of the Infinite Eli Maor Book Description Table of Contents Preface Class Use and other Permissions . For more information, send e-mail to permissions@pupress.princeton.edu Chapter 1: First Steps to Infinity There is no smallest among the small and no largest among the large; But always something still smaller and something still larger. Anaxagoras (ca. 500-428 B.C.) Mathematical infinity begins with the Greeks. To be sure, mathematics as a science had already reached quite an advanced stage long before the Greek era, as is clear from such works as the Rhind papyrus, a collection of 84 mathematical problems written in hieratic script and dating back to 1650 B.C. But the ancient mathematics of the Hindus, the Chinese, the Babylonians, and the Egyptians confined itself solely to practical problems of daily life, such as the measurement of area, volume, weight, and time. In such a system there was no place for as lofty a concept as infinity, for nothing in our daily lives has to deal directly with the infinite. Infinity had to wait until mathematics would make the transition from a strictly practical discipline to an intellectual one, where knowledge for its own sake became the main goal. This transition took place in Greece around the sixth century B.C., and it thus befell the Greeks to be the first to acknowledge the existence of infinity as a central issue in mathematics.

67. Vision Engineer - What Is Pi? The value of pi is a constant and has been determined to be approximately 3.14159.For more accuracy, you can download a value of pi calculated to 32 http://www.visionengineer.com/ref/pi.php

latest about search bookmark ... legal browse articles Mechanical Automotive Combustion Polymers Power Gen ... Gas Turbines Environmental Recycling Fuel Cells Green Cars Renewables ... Conservation Computing Programming Microprocessor CG Graphics Technology Tech Gadgets Reference Constants Equations Materials Colour Codes ... Book Reviews Miscellaneous Adhesives Data Comp Design Eng Metal Alloys ... Careers search site Search over 240 articles on vision engineer. newsletter Keep up to date by subscribing to our newsletter. What is Pi? Article by : Duane Bong What exactly is Pi? The Greek letter Pi [ ] is used, in mathematics, to symbolise the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter. It is commonly used to calculate the area of circles and the volume of cones and spheres. The value of Pi is a constant and has been determined to be approximately 3.14159. For more accuracy, you can download a value of Pi calculated to 32 thousand decimal places Here Why only approximately? The exact value of Pi [ ] is not given because it is an irrational number. This means that Pi cannot be expressed as a simple fraction or a decimal using a finite number of decimal places. In 1995, mathematicians at the University of Tokyo calculated the value of Pi to 4.2 billion decimal places. This was done using a HITAC super computer and Borwein's 4th order convergent algorithm. This broke the world record at that point in time.

68. Pi - Calculation The value of pi was computed by Archimedes to three decimal places, Even by1600 AD in Europe, the celebrated calculation of the value of pi by Adriaen http://www.chinapage.org/math/s9/pi.html

Calculation of Pi The irrational number pi can be computed to an infinite number of decimal places. It expresses the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, a relationship which cannot be framed in terms of whole numbers. (Pi is needed to compute the area of a circle or volume of a sphere.) The value of pi was computed by Archimedes to three decimal places, and by Ptolemy to four decimal places. But after that, for 1450 years, no greater accuracy was achieved in the Western world. The Chinese, however, made great strides forward in computing pi. One way in which the ancient mathematicians tried to approach an accurate value for pi was to inscribe polygons with more and more sides to them inside circles, so that the areas of the polygons(which could be computed) would more and more closely approach the area of the circle. Thus, they could try to find a value for pi, since the circle's area was found by using the formula containing it. (They could measure the diameter, and squeeze a polygon whose area they knew into the circle; the only unknown number would be pi, which could then be calculated.) Archimedes used a 96-sided polygon, and decided that pi had a value between 3.142 and 3.140. The Chinese tried to sneak up on pi in the same fashion, but they were better at it. Liu Hui in the third century AD started by inscribing a polygon of 192 sides in a circle, and then went on to inscribe one of 3072 sides which 'squeezed' even closer. He was thus able to calculate a value of pi of 3.14159. At this point, the Chinese overtook the Greeks.

69. The Value Of Pi Here, 76 of them fell in the circle, so the estimated value is pi = 4 x 76/100 =3.04, which is not too bad for using only 100 points. http://www.scc.ms.unimelb.edu.au/discday/kostya/pisqu.html

70. The Value Of Pi A rather good approximation to pi is given by the fraction Anyway, we shallsee now how one can evaluate this value just by choosing points at random http://www.scc.ms.unimelb.edu.au/discday/kostya/pival.html

71. Inwit Publishing, Inc. And Inwit, LLC -- Writings, Links And Software Demonstrat What value of pi would the bill have established? The wording is so murky thatseveral conclusions are possible. Experts have argued for 3; 3.2; 4; http://www.inwit.com/inwit/writings/indianapilaw.html

Publications in Science and Mathematics, Computing and the Humanities Museum Development, Educational Curricula, and Science Fair Initiatives Educational Toys and Technology The Indiana Pi Law by Vincent Mallette 585 Words of Egregious NONSENSE! 26 Days That Shook Science! This is true ... someone made an incorrect entry into the myth and hoax page. Frequently Asked Questions • Did the bill ever become law? No. It was passed (unanimously) in the Indiana House, but the Senate tabled it, after much public ridicule. • What value of pi would the bill have established? The wording is so murky that several conclusions are possible. Experts have argued for ; and even ....The Guinness Book of Records opts for 4. • Why is the Indiana bill in the Guinness Book of Records "Most inaccurate version of pi." • How many decimals of pi were available in 1897? Even leaving aside the tainted Shanks result, 440 correct places were available from the work of Rutherford in 1853. In any case 100 places had been available since 1706. • Who was the author of this benighted bill?

72. From Stuart A. Lyster Lyster@istar.ca Subject Pi In Indiana Frequently these references give the *wrong* wrong value of pi. If we passthis bill which establishes a new and correct value for Pi, the author offers http://www.math.niu.edu/~rusin/known-math/97/pi.bill

From: "Stuart A. Lyster" Subject: Pi in Indiana - pi=3.2 Newsgroups: sci.math Message-ID:

73. The Scientium: Bertelsen's Number Often the greatest known value of pi(x) has later turned out to be wrong.As another illustration of this, the value of pi(10^10) listed in the modern http://scientium.com/diagon_alley/commentary/quasi-essay/bertelsen.htm

Michael McNamara's Latest Essay: Space Ship One Latest Review: The documentary film "Hijacking Catastrophe" Music to surf by: Enya's "Only Time" Bertelsen's Number Featured Link of the Refresh Fine Tuning Scientium Search Engine Skeptical Inquiry Starships of the Mind Awards Going Out ... Political Watch Streaming News on the Web National Public Radio WBUR Boston BBC News WAMU Washington DC Presenting Other Items from the Scientium's Top Page Featured Link of the Refresh Related Things About the Scientium E-mail to the Scientium Masthead "Reclaim America" archive of Election 2004 ... Angel Swan's Worlds of Star Trek Useful Web Destinations Union of Concerned Scientists Science News Online Scientific American Online Tech News World ... Dr. Matrix Science Need a Webmaster? Scientium Webmastering Reviews Features Bertelsen's Number Easter Sunday, March 27, 2005

74. Value Of Pi value of pi(25 billion digits) HomePi=3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510 .. 100 million digitshave been made a file of one peace by http://ja0hxv.calico.jp/pai/epivalue.html

Value of PI(25 billion digits) Home Pi=3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937510..... 100 million digits have been made a file of one peace by dividing 25 billion digits into 250. This file becomes a file of the text form when defrosting with LHA. This file is as follows. *The size of file has about 57MB on the average. Home

75. Pi In C - LinuxQuestions.org Wiki Here we try out a small program that computes the value of pi using the followingformula pi 1000 My value of pi 3.142592, math.h s value of pi http://wiki.linuxquestions.org/wiki/Pi_in_C

Not logged in Create an account or log in Help LinuxQuestions.org Linux Wiki Pi in C Browse Main Page Recent changes Random page What links here ... Related changes My pages Create an account or log in Special pages Popular pages New pages Oldest articles User list ... More... LQ Linux Forum Download Linux Linux HCL Linux Tutorials ... Report Article Here we try out a small program that computes the value of Pi using the following formula: Pi = 4 * (1 - 1/3 + 1/5 - 1/7 + 1/9 - ... ) Here is the code: To compile the program, remove all lines numberings, those are just there to make it easier to go through the code. Then type in your shell, provided that you save the code in a file called pi.c: % gcc -o pi pi.c -lm We compile pi.c to a binary called pi. -lm tells the linker (a part of the compiler) that we want to use math libraries. Using the -lm flag is not always neseccary though. Anyway, to run the program type the following in your shell: % ./pi 1000 The number 1000 is the number of iterations we would like to do in the main loop, i.e. how many items we want to use in the formula above. You should get something like this: $ ./pi 1000 My value of Pi: 3.142592, math.h's value of Pi: 3.1415926535897931 Absolute difference: 0.0009990007497471

76. Pi Through The Ages The earliest values of pi including the Biblical value of 3, were almostcertainly found from which he got the highly creditable value of pi = 3.1428. http://www.veling.nl/anne/templars/Pi_through_the_ages.html

Pi through the ages A little known verse of the Bible reads And he made a molten sea, ten cubits from the one brim to the other: it was round all about, and his height was five cubits: and a line of thirty cubits did compass it about. (I Kings 7, 23) The same verse can be found in II Chronicles 4, 2. It occurs in a list of specifications for the great temple of Solomon, built around 950 BC and its interest here is that it gives pi = 3. Not a very accurate value of course and not even very accurate in its day, for the Egyptian and Mesopotamian values of 25/8 = 3.125 and sqrt10 = 3.162 have been traced to much earlier dates: though in defence of Solomon's craftsmen it should be noted that the item being described seems to have been a very large brass casting, where a high degree of geometrical precision is neither possible nor necessary. There are some interpretations of this which lead to a much better value. The fact that the ratio of the circumference to the diameter of a circle is constant has been known for so long that it is quite untraceable. The earliest values of pi including the 'Biblical' value of 3, were almost certainly found by measurement. In the Egyptian Rhind Papyrus, which is dated about 1650 BC, there is good evidence for 4(8/9)^2 = 3.16 as a value for pi. The first theoretical calculation seems to have been carried out by Archimedes of Syracuse (287-212 BC). He obtained the approximation

77. Generation5 - Evolve Pi Simply uses the value of pi listed above as a reference, uses bubble sort to sortfitnesses. Simple but effective. Submitted 12/03/2001 http://www.generation5.org/content/2001/evolvepi.asp

Home Articles Reviews Interviews ... Contribute Login Login: Password: Keep me logged in. ( help Register Why register? Lost your password? ... MobES Expert System Friends and Affiliates Home Articles Genetic Algorithms > Projects Evolve Pi By James Matthews Printable Version This is a very simple exercise that will allow you to see how genetic algorithms work. Try and evolve pi! This exercise obviously assumes you have read the basic Generation5 GA essays Outline While this sounds rather complicated it is very easy. Create a population of floating point numbers and run it through a fitness function. Then average all the good values together to create the next generation. Keep on going until you're satified with the results. Guidelines This project is very open because there are many ways to do it. For example, the fitness function could return the error between a fixed value of pi and the value passed to it: This would only evolve a value as good as the constant defined. You could use data that relates a radius of a circle with the circumference. Again, that would only evolve pi as good as defined in the data. Try different methods. For a high-precision evaluation, I used Texas Instruments' Derive 5 to generate pi to 100 decimal places: Again, you can keep evolving until you reach a certain precision, x-number of iterations, or you can keep it going infinitely until you otherwise specify.

78. Generation5 - Evolve Pi Solution submitted by James Matthews. Simply uses the value of pi listed aboveas a reference, uses bubble sort to sort fitnesses. Simple but effective. http://www.generation5.org/content/2001/evolvepi.asp?Print=1

79. EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF AREA OF CIRCLE & VALUE OF Pi EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF THE AREA OF A CIRCLE value of pi Even thevalue of the pi from this method is far different! http://www.superstringtheory.com/forum/basicboard/messages3/91.html

String Theory Discussion Forum String Theory Home Forum Index Follow Ups Post Followup ... FAQ Posted by on April 30, 2003 at 11:47:31: april.30.2003 I would like to show the error in my experimental determination of the AREA of a Circle and deduct the value of pi from that.Here is what I did: I took a circular disk and drew with a pencil its trace of circumference by putting the disk on a flat paper.The I took a piece of THREAD and went along the traced circumference which I drew on paper.Cutting the thread exactly equal to the drawn circumference.Then opened the thread on a ruler and measured the LENGTH of the thread which I assumed is exactly equal to the circumference of the circle which i traced on paper.Now i also used the same technique to measure the diameter of the already drawn circle.Thus I know the radius of the circle precisely,using the same thread approach.Now I plugged it into the old formulae for the circle; C=2 pi. r and A= pi. r^2 circumference C=length of the Thread L and Area=A C=2 pi.L

80. Mersenneforum.org - Would Finding A Definate Pi Value Easier If... xtreme2k, when you talk about finding a value for pi, are you talking about the 3.0352868285384963 (base 653) as a definate value of pi instead of the http://www.mersenneforum.org/showthread.php?t=251

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