181. Modern History Sourcebook: David Ricardo: The Iron Law Of Wages A selection from Ricardo's book, On Wages, describing the labor theory of value. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/ricardo-wages.html

Back to Modern History SourceBook Modern History Sourcebook: David Ricardo: The Iron Law of Wages, 1817 David Ricardo (1772-1823), an English banker was also an important early economist. His most well-known argument was that wages "naturally" tended towards a minimum level corresponding to the subsistence needs of the workers. The attraction of this idea for factory owners is evident. It also influenced Marx in his early pessimistic views about the possibility of workers benefiting from capitalism. Ricardo's views on the "labor theory of value" were also important in Marx's economic thought. From David Ricardo. On Wages Money, from its being a commodity obtained from a foreign country, from its being the general medium of exchange between all civilized countries, and from its being also distributed among those countries in proportions which are ever changing with every improvement in commerce and machinery, and with every increasing difficulty of obtaining food and necessaries for an increasing population, is subject to incessant variations. In stating the principles which regulate exchangeable value and price, we should carefully distinguish between those variations which belong to the commodity itself, and those which are occasioned by a variation in the medium in which value is estimated, or price expressed. A rise in wages, from an alteration in the value of money, produces a general effect on price, and for that reason it produces no real effect whatever on profits. On the contrary, a rise of wages, from the circumstance of the labourer being more liberally rewarded, or from a difficulty of procuring the necessaries on which wages are expended, does not, except in some instances, produce the effect of raising price, but has a great effect in lowering profits. In the one case, no greater proportion of the annual labour of the country is devoted to the support of the labourers; in the other case, a larger portion is so devoted.

182. Welcome To The Benjamin Graham Value Report Our goal is to help you build a portfolio of longterm winners, while helping you avoid serious mistakes, by using the time-tested guidelines set down by the father of value investing, Benjamin Graham. http://www.benjamingraham.net

Welcome to The Benjamin Graham Value Report My goal is to help you build a portfolio of long-term winners by using the time-tested guidelines set down by the father of value investing, Benjamin Graham. Cordially, J. Royden Ward 176 North Street Salem, Massachusetts 01970 Email: roy@benjamingraham.net HOME ORDER NOW! SITE MAP

183. Salix Bebbiana Includes distribution and occurrence, botanical and ecological characteristics, value and use, and fire ecology. http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/tree/salbeb/

Index of Species Information SPECIES: Salix bebbiana Choose from the following categories of information: Introductory Distribution and Occurrence Management Considerations Botanical and Ecological Characteristics ... All Frames (for printing) Return to FEIS Home Page

184. Printers, Drum Cartridges, Toner, Ink, Software & More At Spotlightnet valueadded-reseller of copier, fax and printer supplies. http://spotlightnet.com/

Select Brand HP Canon Samsung Brother ... Rhinotek Select More Brands Below Select IBM Intuit Software Minolta / QMS RHINOTEK Rock Star Games Samsung Sharp Toshiba Canon Brother Panasonic Hewlett Packard Lexmark Xerox / Tektronix Ricoh Product Search Color Toner Cartridges Black Toner Cartridges Toner Inkjet Cartridges ... Scanners Part # Search Product Type Black Toner Cartridges Color Toner Cartridge Consumables Drum Units ... Video Games Scanners Clearance Items Free Shipping on all toner cartridges and drum cartridges Click to enlarge Samsung Genuine OEM ML-1710D3 ML 1710/ 1750 Toner Cartridge List Price $ Your Price Click to enlarge Samsung Toner/Drum Cartridge(Ml-2150D8/Xa ) List Price $ Your Price Click to enlarge Canon GPR-2 Image Runner 330/400 Black Toner List Price $ Your Price Click to enlarge Canon L50 CART BLK FOR PC1060 PC1080F D660 List Price $ Your Price Click to enlarge Canon L50 CART BLK FOR PC1060 PC1080F D660 List Price $ Your Price Click to enlarge Brother MFC-8840D LASER FLATBED MULTIFUNCTION CENTER Your Price Click to enlarge Brother TN460 High Yield Toner Cartridge Your Price Click to enlarge Brother TN540 Black Toner Cartridge List Price $ Your Price Click to enlarge Brother TN-570 toner cartridge List Price $

185. Forest Service Employees For Environmental Ethics Nonprofit organization working to forge a socially responsible value system for the U.S. Forest Service. About the organization, issues information and action alerts, and advice for federal employees seeking to effect change. http://www.fseee.org/

186. Search Results For Pi RC Gupta, Some ancient values of pi and their use in India, Math. RC Gupta,Madhava s and other medieval Indian values of pi, Math. http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Search/historysearch.cgi?SUGGESTION=

187. Burgundy Provides a variety of value funds to institutions and high net worth individuals. http://www.burgundy-asset.com/

188. Matrix Advisors Value Fund Managing stock profiles for a diverse clientele. http://www.matrixadvisorsvaluefund.com/

189. Anelda AB - CVA Structures business towards sustainable value creation. Uses the CVA concept to trigger an organization for value Based Management. Articles on EVA and CFA. based in Sweden. http://www.anelda.com/

190. United Nations Global Compact A value based platform with nine principles derived from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It asks companies to act on these principles in their own corporate domains. Contains case studies, current projects, and annual policy dialogue. http://www.unglobalcompact.org/

191. GB Management Consultants Executive Mentoring And Coaching A value driven consultancy specialising in management training and personal development from team building to elearning, integrating people skills and technical ability. Located in England. http://www.gbconsultants.freeserve.co.uk/

GB Management Consultants Value Driven HarnessingThe Power of Your Employees? Training Public Courses Our Values Coaching ... Home Gail Brown BSc MCIPD FCMC GB Management Consultants is dedicated to enabling companies to profit from their people. We get results faster by tapping into the inate abilities and desires of your people to do well. Why waste time eliminating obstacles when you have the resources to overcome them? We are Committed to Your Success Openserve Affordable IT Infrastructure How to Make It Happen In Business How to Fulfil Your Potential Planning to Change - how to manage and stay in control of projects Talk and Walk Your Way to Success - how to achieve more through effective communication Inspire the Team - How to Get Results Through Others People Behaving Badly - how to deal with different people and difficult situations Out In Front - how to give presentations powerfully Its About Time - how to achieve more in less time, balance work and life

192. Marshall Strategy, Inc. Helping clients increase market value through improved strategies for corporate and brand identities. http://www.marshallstrategy.com/

Why Marshall About Us Services Clients ... Contact We apply world-class expertise in identity strategy to increase the awareness, appeal and market value of organizations, products and services. Organizations call upon Marshall Strategy to: Re-invent , or adjust to a changing business environment Create or change key audience perceptions Name , or re-name, a company, product or service Design or update graphic identity Develop key messages for conveying value to different audiences Rationalize , consolidate or link multiple brands Assimilate merged or acquired companies, products and brands Reduce costs and increase the impact of its communications Differentiate a commodity product or service has an uncanny ability to reduce complexity to develop focused strategies that always resonate with internal and external audiences Chief Marketing Officer, IT Security Provider

193. Local Government Consultation paper on the Government's plan to apply best value to town and parish councils with an annual budgeted income of £500,000. http://www.local-regions.odpm.gov.uk/bestvalue/legislation/parish.htm

Help Accessibility Contact us Search document.write(''); Advanced Search About ODPM What's new News releases ... Freedom of Information What we do Building Regulations Civil Resilience Fire and Rescue Homelessness ... Home Local Government Our aim is to improve delivery and value for money of local services through implementing Comprehensive Performance Assessment (CPA), engaging with Authorities in improvement planning, negotiating and monitoring Local PSA agreements, providing a package of freedoms and flexibilities, developing capacity building programmes and supporting the electronic delivery of services. Local Area Agreements The next phase of Local Area Agreements was announced on the 22 June 2005. The guidance, web-based toolkit and support programme can be found on the LAA pages on this website via the link above. Section contents: Sub-sections About the Audit Commission e-Government Community and political leadership Better public services ... Local Government Vision The Government is seeking suggestions on the development of a long-term vision for local government across England, and how central and local government, as well as local communities, can work together to achieve this. Consultation papers Current and archived consultation papers relating to Local Government.

194. Value Investing, Stock Analysis, Stock Newsletter, Stock Research, BlastInvest Contains tips on value investing from a reallife stock market investor. http://www.blastinvest.com/

Guarantee Free Services Premium Services Forum ... BlastInvest eGazette Free subscription on value investing Blast Investor Real-time Plus Making Big Money Safely with Value Investing has never been so easy! Model Portfolio Up 60% in 2004 Up 2005 YTD (08/31/05) Try 30 days FREE Frequent Asked Questions BlastInvest A few words about Henry Lu , owner of this web site Henry has invested in stock market for more than a decade. Since the birth of BlastInvest Henry has made it his mission to uncover everything there is to know about making big money safely in the stock market - and to share that very information with his website visitors - that's you! Whether you are a newcomer in stock market with small amount of capital to invest, BlastInvest's web sites can help you. They are filled with everything from free, expert stock market tips and value investing articles , to Henry's own index-beating premium investment newsletter. Simply put, Henry Lu will help you profit in the stock market safely and easily. Article How to Make Big Money Safely in Stock Maket About Us Links Privacy Policy ... Terms of Use

195. CyberFund A value oriented private investment fund managed by Hammer Capital Management,Inc. They look to participate in the growth of the computer, telecommunications and advancing technology industries through a diversified portfolio. http://www.cyberfund.com

Managing Member: Hammer Capital Management, Inc. PO 90309 Santa Barbara, California 93190 info@hcmi.com © 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Hammer Capital Management, Inc. This website is for informational purposes only and does not constitute an offer to sell, a solicitation to buy, or a recommendation for any security, or as an offer to provide advisory or other services by Hammer Capital Management, Inc. in any jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation, purchase or sale would be unlawful under the securities laws of such jurisdiction. The information contained on this website should not be construed as financial or investment advice on any subject matter. Hammer Capital Management, Inc. expressly disclaims all liability in respect to actions taken based on any or all of the information on this website. The information on this site is provided "AS IS". Hammer Capital Management, Inc. does not warrant the accuracy of the materials provided herein, either expressly or implied, for any particular purpose and expressly disclaims any warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. Hammer Capital Management, Inc. will not be responsible for any loss or damage that could result from interception by third parties of any information made available to you via this site. Although the information provided to you on this site is obtained or compiled from sources we believe to be reliable, Hammer Capital Management, Inc. cannot and does not guarantee the accuracy, validity, timeliness, or completeness of any information or data made available to you for any particular purpose.

196. The Foundation For Values Based Business - Making Business A Force For Positive Organization working to enable individuals and companies to adopt ethical principles and values. Topics include social responsibility, environmental sustainability, work life balance, family, leadership, and corporate integrity. http://www.valuesbasedbusiness.org/

Site Search Advanced Search Login Username: Password: Lost Password? Register now! Partners Home Welcome to the Foundation for Values Based Business. We are a non-commercial organisation run by business people for business people. Our goal is to promote values based principles in business, from business ethics and exemplary leadership to environmental sustainability and social responsibility. Our approach is outlined here We believe a business that has sound core values will have happier staff, greater customer loyalty, better business prospects and positively affect the wider community. This site is full of resources and information to help you plan and manage your business using a values based approach. Individual Membership is free and is required to access the forums and other areas. Online Quote Take the first step in faith. You don't have to see the whole staircase, just take the first step. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Recent Articles Rising Stress levels at work.. ‘Green’ taxes impact the poorest homes... Call to reverse early retirement culture UK Working Time Regulations inconsistent and contradictory ... Income inequality divides the nation Recent Topics Forum Topic Replies Views Last Post Personal and Corporate Integrity Current Scoreboard of Corporate and Individual Integrity ...

197. Values At Work Questionnaire Allows you to take a survey on your attitudes towards work. http://www.maccoby.com/Surveys/VAWIntro.html

Values at Work Questionnaire To study the distribution of the new character types in the workplace, a short questionnaire was constructed based on brief descriptions of each type. The questionnaire asks employees how and if they identify with the values motivating each type, and whether or not they are able to express these values in their own jobs. The Values at Work questionnaire has been administered to over 3,000 people. The Maccoby Group has used this survey to help management groups understand themselves. Findings from administering the questionnaire to people in business and government are reported in Appendix C of Why Work? Motivating the New Workforce. (Miles River Press, Alexandria, VA. 1995.) Please take a couple of minutes to fill out this confidential survey. The results will be used to track trends in todays evolving workplace. If you've already filled out the survey or you can view the results that I have compiled. Thanks to an unexpected snow day I've finally had some time to work on this project. Survey Results TMG Home PTWC Articles ... Comments This web site is being maintained by Maria This page was last updated Tuesday, 25-Jan-2000 20:17:24 EST.

198. United States National Family Association Supporting human rights, advocating the modern family values of love, acceptance, honesty, and meaningful communication. Find informative links and resources relating to human rights issues and concerns of todays media, education, family, health and wellness, liberty and equality as well as the workplace. http://www.familyassociation.org/

199. Programming Languages Table By Capers Jones, Chairman, Software Productivity Research, Inc. Huge table of function point evaluation values (how many code lines needed for a task) compares 500 languages, dialects, and/or implementations. http://www.theadvisors.com/langcomparison.htm

Programming Languages Table Release 8.2, March 1996 By Capers Jones, Chairman, Software Productivity Research, Inc. What Is A Language Level? As language levels go up, fewer statements to code one Function Point are required. For example, COBOL is a level 3 and requires about 105 statements per Function Point. The numeric levels of various languages provide a convenient shortcut for converting size from one language to another. For example, if an application requires 1000 non-commentary COBOL statements (level 3), then it would take only 500 statements in a level 6 language (such as NATURAL) and only 250 statements in a level 12 language (such as OBJECTIVE C). As you can see, the average number of statements required is proportional to the levels of the various languages. Do Language Levels Affect Productivity? The correlation between the level of a language and development productivity is not linear. For most large software projects, coding amounts to only about 30 percent of the effort. Assume a program is written in a language that is twice the level of a similar program, for instance level 6 versus level 3. In this example, the coding effort might be reduced by 50 percent. But the total project might be improved by only 15 percent, since coding only comprised 30 percent of the original effort. Double the level of the language again to a level 12. That will only give an additional 7.5 percent net savings. Once again, coding is halved. But coding is not a major factor for very high level languages.

200. Center For Corporate Citizenship - Home Education and research organization focused on the ways in which companies integrate basic social values with everyday business practices, operations and policies. Offers executive education programs, conferences, consulting and a knowledge center. http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/csom/ccc/index.html

Login Site Map Contact Us QUICK SEARCH HOME ABOUT US CORPORATE CITIZENSHIP EXECUTIVE EDUCATION ... KNOWLEDGE CENTER The Corporate Response to Hurricane Katrina As the massive consequences of Hurricane Katrina only begin to be revealed, businesses and individuals are quickly mobilizing with financial support, volunteer assistance, food and housing provisions, blood donations, and other goods and services. This generous show of support, expected to match the historic proportion of the storm, came immediately and will most likely continue for years. We've compiled a list of resources, disaster response tips and company donations, and are asking companies to communicate about their post hurricane-related activities for the purpose of sharing the information and possibly coordinating with other businesses. Read more News Business Week article shines spotlight on corporate citizenship "The Debate Over Doing Good" says that companies are taking a more strategic tack on social responsibility. Study looks at trends in sustainability innovation Report finds increasing corporate commitment to sustainability innovation, with room for more growth. Recruiting directors of public companies made harder by Sarbanes-Oxley and liability fears Finding qualified directors to serve on boards has proven more difficult in recent years as shareholder lawsuits have raised concerns about director liability, finds new survey.

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