21. Virtual Turing Machine A web based turing machine. Theoretically, a turing machine is just as powerful as any other computer. Conceptually, a turing machine has a finite set http://www.nmia.com/~soki/turing/

Virtual Turing Machine (VTM) Virtual Turing Machine 2 It's better. It can detect some infinite loops. The source code is prettier. What is a Turing Machine? Alan Turing was a cryptographer. He helped Britain break the German Enigma machines in WWII. He also invented a concept of a type of computer, called a "Turing Machine." Theoretically, a Turing machine is just as powerful as any other computer. Conceptually, a Turing Machine has a finite set of states, a finite alphabet (that has a blank symbol), and a finite set of instructions. Physically, it has a head that can read, write, and move along an infinitely long tape that is divided into cells, where each cell has a value of blank or a letter in the Turing Machine's alphabet. An instruction is defined as a five tuple, like this: (starting state, starting value, new state, new value, movement) The starting state is the state the head is currently in. The starting value is the value of the cell the head is positioned at. The new state and new value replace the starting state and starting value, respectively. The movement specifies which direction the head moves by one cell. The head halts when it can not find an instruction for the current state or the current cell value. A Turing machine will start at the first non-blank cell. Usually, states are named s

22. On Computable Numbers, With An Application To The site map {230} A. M. Turing NOV. 12 1936. 6. The universal computing machine. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

23. Turing Machine In its simplest form, a turing machine is composed of a tape , a ribbon of paper of indefinite The turing machine is said to be in a certain state . http://mapageweb.umontreal.ca/cousined/lego/5-Machines/Turing/Turing.html

Site map : Various stuff Adder Rotation sensor Towers ... References and links Last upgrade to the site: august 10th, 2002. There has been access to my Lego pages since creation. This is an unofficial LEGO® web site. LEGO® is a trademark of the LEGO® Group of companies which does not sponsor, authorize or endorse this site. You can visit the official LEGO website at: http://www.lego.com A Turing machine is the simplest form of a computer. The concept was invented by Alan Turing in 1936. This was the first computer invented (on paper only). I- Principles of a Turing machine. In its simplest form, a Turing machine is composed of a "tape", a ribbon of paper of indefinite length. There is a "head" that can read the symbol, chose to write a new symbol in place, and then move left or right. The Turing machine is said to be in a certain "state". Finally, the program is a list of "transitions", that is a list that says, given a current state and a symbol currently under the head, what should be written on the tape, what state the machine should go, and whether the head should move left or right. The tape is used to store data. In addition, it can also store a series of transitions (a small programs) and thus, the head can run "sub-programs". We then say a Turing machine is emulating another one (the one on the tape).

24. The Turing Test Page Machine Intelligence Part1 The Turing Test and Loebner's Prize. Psycholoquy A refereed international, interdisciplinary electronic journal. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

25. Turing Machine Simulator You need a Javaenabled browser to run this program. Read the documentation. http://wap03.informatik.fh-wiesbaden.de/weber1/turing/tm.html

You need a Java-enabled browser to run this program. Read the documentation

26. Home Page - Hypercomputation Research Network (http://hypercomputation.net) The study of computation beyond that defined by the turing machine, also known as superTuring, non-standard or non-recursive computation. Links to people, resources and discussions. http://www.hypercomputation.net/

Home People Bibliography Resources Online Forum ... Discussion HYPERCOMPUTATION.NET Hypercomputation Research Network Hypercomputation concerns the study of computation beyond that defined by the Turing machine, and is also known as super-Turing, non-standard or non-recursive computation. It is a multi-disciplinary research area with relevance across a wide variety of fields, including computer science, philosophy, physics, electronics, biology, and artifical intelligence. Jack Copeland has produced some excellent explanatory material which you may find useful: AlanTuring.Net Hypercomputation Page The confusion of Thesis M with the Church-Turing thesis If you would like to comment on any aspect of this site, please email the webmaster People If you wish to be added to our published list of active researchers , please send us your details. Bibliography If you publish or come across any books, articles or papers that you feel may be relevant to researchers in hypercomputation, please send us the details for inclusion in our comprehensive bibliography Discussion If you are active in the field and wish to be involved in discussions relating to it, you may benefit from joining the

27. Turing Machine Simulator -- Intro turing machine Simulator Intro. The TM Simulator is my first substantial applet, a project I worked on over the summer to help me learn the language, http://wap03.informatik.fh-wiesbaden.de/weber1/turing/

Turing Machine Simulator Intro The TM Simulator is my first substantial applet, a project I worked on over the summer to help me learn the language, to pass ample free time, and to have fun. It turned out to be alot more difficult than I'd expected, particularly the GUI layout aspects, but I've finally completed enough of it to make it available for public viewing, and in the process I've become moderately proficient at the non-bells-and-whistles aspects of Java. It seems to be working pretty well on the platforms where I've tested it, but do expect "unimplemented" tags and miscellaneous bugs to pop up. Please report any of the latter to me by email so I can fix them! I don't expect this program will be wildly popular with the general public, as it is not replete with cool animation, sound clips, etc....but other theoretical comp sci. geek-types out there might find it a fun toy. So, without further ado, here's a link to the applet itself . You'll probably want to read some or all of these help files first, though: Turing Machine Simulator Applet What the heck is a Turing Machine?

28. Some Brainfuck Fluff By Daniel B. Cristofani. Complete brainfuck reference; sources for various programs, including a Universal turing machine; brainfuck to SPARC compiler, and interpreters in C and JavaScript; suggestions, contest results. http://www.hevanet.com/cristofd/brainfuck/

some brainfuck fluff by daniel b cristofani About the brainfuck programming language Please read the Epistle to the Implementors before implementing brainfuck, and use these tests (or the equivalent) after. Suggestions for intermediate brainfuck programmers. My brainfuck programs: collatz.b , a mathematical function dbf2c.b , a brainfuck-to-C translator dbfi.b , a brainfuck interpreter null.b 392quine.b 400quine.b 540quine.b ... dquine.b ; different quines dvorak.b , a Dvorak filter for QWERTY keyboards fib.b , which outputs arbitrarily large Fibonacci numbers jabh.b , a borrowed Perl tradition numwarp.b , a number...obfuscator? Prettifier? ( sample output random.b , a random number generator based on a cellular automaton rot13.b , an unconcise, template-y rot13 short.b , an assortment of small programs squares.b , which outputs square numbers from to 10000 utm.b , a universal Turing machine wc.b , the standard (line and) word (and character) count utility Brief explanatory comments on most of these programs Draft of a paper about dbfi.b

29. Busy Beaver Turing Machine Many details of the machine encoding of the turing machines. Has a list of forty machines that required human analysis. This is based on Shen Lin s thesis http://grail.cba.csuohio.edu/~somos/bb.html

Busy Beaver Turing Machine This story starts around 1960. Tibor Rado, a professor at the Ohio State University, thought of a simple non-computable function besides the standard halting problem for Turing machines. Given a fixed finite number of symbols and states, select those Turing machine programs which eventually halt when run with a blank tape. Among these programs find the maximum number of non-blank symbols left on the tape when they halt. Alternatively, find the maximum number of time steps before halting. This function is well-defined but rapidly becomes un-computable for even a small number of states and symbols. He published an article about it in 1962, but went beyond just writing about a theoretical result. With his student Shen Lin, they actually tackled the two symbol, three state problem. The study resulted in a dissertation for Lin in 1963 and an article in JACM in 1965. After the initial flurry of articles there has been several others mentioning results. The most popular is probably the August 1984 Scientific American Computer Recreations column by Dewdney. There is a PostScript handout by Jeffrey Shallit about the problem.

30. Busy Beaver Turing Machine Uhing was looking for a particular turing machine dubbed a busy beaver, The fact that a fivestate turing machine can print at least 1915 ones and http://grail.cba.csuohio.edu/~somos/busy.html

Busy Beaver From: csaamw@urc.tue.nl (Michiel Wijers) Date: 6 Jan 1995 10:05:09 GMT Organization: Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands Newsgroups: sci.math Re: Busy Beaver Armando Barbot Matos and Jose Paulo Leal of the Universidade do Porto, Portugal, asked on January 5th in newsgroup Five-state Busy Beaver Turing Machine Contender Scientific American, April 1985 page 30, A.K.Dewdney At the end of the March column I mentioned a new candidate for the five-state busy beaver [see "Computer Recreations," Scientific American; August 1984]. In December, George Uhing of Bronx, N.Y., found a five-state Turing machine that prints 1,915 1's before halting. The Uhing machine is reproduced in the table below. To discover what the machine will do in state B, for example, examine the row bearing that label. The row is subdivided into an upper and a lower portion listing the machine's responses to a or 1 respectively. If the machine reads a 1 on its tape, it enters state D, prints a on the tape and then moves one cell to the left. In the table H means that the machine halts. Uhing, who programs for a Manhattan optical company, decided to search for the five-state busy beaver after reading this column last August. He used a Z-80 microprocessor running an assembly-language program to oversee a second machine: A Turing-machine simulator that cost Uhing less than $100 to build. It goes through seven million Turing-machine transitions per second. Each transition amounts to a simple lookup in a table like the one below. Uhing seems determined to find the five-state busy beaver. Does the present machine qualify? It showed up after Uhing's computer had been running for a month. As far as I know it is still running.

31. A Turing Machine In Conway's Game Of Life, Extendable To A Universal Turing Mach The basic design has a Universal turing machine in mind so design expands easily I have a design for a Universal turing machine which fits in that size. http://rendell.server.org.uk/gol/tm.htm

This is a Turing Machine implemented in Conway's Game of Life. Designed by Paul Rendell 02/April/00. See a detailed picture , the program and a description of the parts . The description also contains links to pictures, patterns to download and Java animation of the parts that make up the touring machine. A full description of this machine can be found in the book "Collision-Based Computing" edited by Andrew Adamatzky (Springer Verlag; ISBN: 1852335408). I am now building a Stack Constructor. A life pattern that will construct stack cells faster than the Turing Machine can use them see here Conway's Game of Life is a cellular automaton. For general information on Conway's Game of Life and links to freeware / shareware to run the patterns on this site see : Paul Callahans page For Turing Machine info see: The Alan Turing Internet Scrapbook To down load the pattern tm.lif 95Kb To download all the patterns on this site goltm.zip 71Kb To download my old patterns pwrlif.zip 32Kb What's new: 17/01/05 I am starting to investigate a stack generator. The first stage is a simple program to assemble life patterns. The format for the input to this program is described here.

32. Virtual Turing Machine 2.02 A turing machine is theoretical computer consisting of a finite set of The turing machine will start at the leftmost nonblank cell on the tape (if http://infohost.nmt.edu/~prcm/turing/

Virtual Turing Machine 2 (VTM2) The VTM2 distribution (with the command line version and the web version) Grab vtm-2.02.tar.gz . The documentation is ugly. Anybody want to write something better? VTM2 features: a command line interface #! style scripts for UNIX a WWW interface "infinite" tape detection of some infinite loops What is a Turing machine? A Turing machine is theoretical computer consisting of a finite set of internal states, a finite alphabet that includes a blank symbol, and a finite set of instructions. It has a physical head and a physical infinitely long tape, which is divided into cells. The cell values consist of the alphabet. The tape has a finite number of non-blank cells. The head can read and write to the cells and move the tape one cell to the left and one cell to the right. An instruction is defined as a five tuple: (initial state, read value, final state, write value, movement) The inital state is the current internal state of the machine. The read value is the value of the cell the head is currently positioned at. The final state becomes the new state of the machine. The write value overwrites the cell the head is positioned at. Movement specifies which direction the head moves, either left or right. When the machine does not have an instruction for a given internal state and cell value, it will halt. Also, the web version of the VTM2 will halt if the head goes past either end of the tape. The Turing machine will start at the leftmost non-blank cell on the tape (if there are no non-blank cells in the tape, the VTM will start in the middle of the tape).

33. Peter Suber, "Turing Machines I" As Massey emphasizes, a turing machine is actually more powerful if we give ourselves The concept of a turing machine is most useful to the theory of http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/courses/logsys/turing.htm

Turing Machines I Peter Suber Philosophy Department Earlham College What is a Turing Machine? ... Computing Functions What is a Turing Machine? A Turing machine is a simple but powerful computer. It is useful in thinking about the nature and limits of computability because its method of computation is about as simple as can be imagined. Important theoretical results about what can be computed that are expressed in the terms of Turing machines, therefore, are clearer to intuition than the same results expressed in other terms. Turing machines were conceived by Alan Turing (1912-1954) in his important paper, "On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem," Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society , 2d Series, 42 (1936) 230-65. Turing machines are one of the earliest and most intuitive ways to make precise the naive notion of effective computability. All Turing-computable functions are effectively computable; the important and indemonstrable converse (that all intuitively computable functions are Turing computable) is asserted by Church's Thesis. My exposition is based on those of George S. Boolos and Richard Jeffrey

34. Peter Suber, "Turing Machines II" The last handout on turing machines defined the basic concepts. We will define a function about turing machines themselves and prove that it is not http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/courses/logsys/turing2.htm

Turing Machines II Peter Suber Philosophy Department Earlham College Uncomputable Functions ... Church's Thesis The last hand-out on Turing machines defined the basic concepts. This hand-out will apply them to the problem of computability and prove that not all functions can be computed by a Turing machine. As in the first hand-out , my exposition is based on those of George S. Boolos and Richard Jeffrey, Computability and Logic , Cambridge University Press, second edition, 1980; Gerald Massey, "On the Pedagogy of Turing Machines," The Computers and Philosophy Newsletter , 1,1 (Sept. 1986), 6-24; and Marvin Minsky, Computation: Finite and Infinite Machines , Prentice Hall, 1967. For the proofs that follow it will help to understand how to concatenate two T programs into one. We want to put two T programs end to end to make a third program that will run flawlessly with only minor revisions. To do this we take advantage of the conventions used in the first hand-out (1) that we read inputs from left to right and (2) that canonical halts leave the scanner on the leftmost digit of the output. With these conventions we need only stick the two programs back to back. The new program will perform the work of the first one first, and use its output as the input to the second. Two minor revisions are needed in the composite program. (1) Change the command names of the second program so that none coincides with any already used. This will guarantee consistency. The easy way to do this, if both programs use numerical command names and if the first program contains n consecutively numbered commands, is to add n to the number of each command in the second program. (2) Fill in the blanks of the table of the first program, where it would have halted, with the command to go to the first line of the second program. This will insure that the composite program will not halt until the second program has run.

35. Universal Turing Machine In XSLT of the Universal turing machine Stylesheet......Thus, this stylesheet is a Universal turing machine and is an existence proof that XSLT 1.0 is http://www.unidex.com/turing/utm.htm

B2B Integration Solutions from Unidex Home XML Convert Professional Services Resources ... About Unidex Universal Turing Machine in XSLT This page is organized as follows: Introduction Obtaining the Universal Turing Machine Stylesheet Running the Universal Turing Machine Stylesheet Description of the Universal Turing Machine Stylesheet Introduction This page describes an XSLT 1.0 stylesheet that executes (i.e., interprets) the Turing machine that is described in the source TMML document. Thus, this stylesheet is a Universal Turing Machine and is an existence proof that XSLT 1.0 is Turing complete. A language is Turing complete if it is powerful enough to implement any Turing machine. It's widely believed that Turing machines are powerful enough to perform any calculation that can be performed by a modern computer program. Obtaining the Universal Turing Machine Stylesheet The stylesheet, which is available in

36. Turing Machine Markup Language The turing machine Markup Language (TMML) is an XML language for TMML was designed to be a superset of these various turing machine definitions. http://www.unidex.com/turing/tmml.htm

B2B Integration Solutions from Unidex Home XML Convert Professional Services Resources ... About Unidex Turing Machine Markup Language The Turing Machine Markup Language (TMML) is an XML language for describing Turing machines. This page describes TMML (pronounced timmel), and provides the TMML DTD and sample TMML documents (i.e., sample Turing machines expressed in TMML). There are various definitions of the Turing machine. For example, some definitions of the Turing machine define halt states, and other definitions do not. In some definitions, the tape is infinite in both directions, and in others, the tape is only infinite to the right. TMML was designed to be a superset of these various Turing machine definitions. The differences among these definitions are not significant; in general, a Turing machine that conforms to one definition can be easily converted into an equivalent Turing machine that conforms with another definition. The DTD for TMML is available as HTML and as a downloadable file The following sample TMML documents are available in HTML format and in XML format: A Turing machine that implements the ROT13 cipher. [

37. Turing's World: More Information (1) Introduced by Alan Turing in 1936, turing machines are one of the key abstractions used in A turing machine is a particularly simple kind of computer, http://www-csli.stanford.edu/hp/Turing1.html

Back Forward Turing Machines Introduced by Alan Turing in 1936, Turing machines are one of the key abstractions used in modern computability theory, the study of what computers can and cannot do. A Turing machine is a particularly simple kind of computer, one whose operations are limited to reading and writing symbols on a tape, or moving along the tape to the left or right. The tape is marked off into squares, each of which can be filled with at most one symbol. At any given point in its operation, the Turing machine can only read or write on one of these squares, the square located directly below its "read/write" head. In Turing's World the tape is represented by a narrow window that sits at the bottom of the screen. Here is what the tape looks like with a series of A's and B's written on it, and with the read/write head located on the leftmost of these symbols. A Turing machine has a finite number of states and is in exactly one of these states at any given time. Associated with these states are instructions telling the machine what action to perform if it is currently scanning a particular symbol, and what state to go into after performing this action. The states of a Turing machine are generally represented by a flow or state diagram, using circles for the states and labelled arcs for the instructions associated with those states. Here, for example, is a state diagram of a Turing machine with two states. When it is in state looking at an A, this machine will move right one square and return to state 0. When it is in state scanning a B, it will change this symbol to an A and go into state 1.

38. Turing Machine Simulator turing machine Simulator The TURING program simulates the operation of a turing machine. turing machines are abstract models of primitive digital http://archives.math.utk.edu/software/msdos/miscellaneous/jkturing/.html

Turing Machine Simulator John Kennedy Mathematics Department Santa Monica College 1900 Pico Blvd. Santa Monica, CA 90405 jkennedy@smc.edu (from turing.abs) Download jkturing.zip [43 KB].

39. Jade Tree | Bands The Jade Tree turing machine connection is far more outstretched than their turing machine There is no contact information available for this artist http://www.jadetree.com/bands/artist/turing_machine

@import url("/css/jadetree.css"); @import url("/css/jadetree_print.css"); ( Select A Band ) Alkaline Trio Breather Resist Cap'n Jazz Cex Challenger Cub Country Damnation AD Denali Despistado Edsel Eggs Eidolon Ester Drang Euphone Four Walls Falling From Ashes Rise Fury Girls Against Boys Good Riddance Gravel Hot Water Music J Church Jets To Brazil Joan Of Arc Jones Very Juno Kid Dynamite Kill Your Idols Leslie Lifetime Lords Miighty Flashlight Milemarker My Morning Jacket New End Original onelinedrawing Owls Paint It Black Pedro The Lion Pitchblende Railhed Songs: Ohia State Of The Nation Statistics Strike Anywhere Sweetbelly Freakdown Swiz Texas Is The Reason The Explosion The Loved Ones The Promise Ring These Arms Are Snakes Trial By Fire Turing Machine Turning Point Universal Order Of Armageddon Walleye Zero Zero 1998 - Present Justin Chearno Guitar Scott Desimon Bass Jerry Fuchs Drums The Story The Jade Tree - Turing Machine Art-damaged and metronomically challenged, Pitchblende thwarted typical punk euphemisms for energy by making even the most angular riffing sound, well, funky. Jade Tree released a 7-inch single for the band in 1992, and then a split EP with Eggs a little over a year later. In between, Pitchblende left a three album legacy for Cargo/Matador, culminating with the utterly brilliant - though admittedly confusing - Gygax!

40. What Is A Turing Machine? History of the computer largest web collection of digital facsimiles of original documents by Alan Turing and other pioneers of computing. http://www.alanturing.net/turing_archive/pages/Reference Articles/What is a Turi

AlanTuring.net Reference Articles What is a Turing Machine? By Jack Copeland The head and the tape States Atomic operations The instruction table ... Computable and uncomputable functions Turing first described the Turing machine in an article published in 1936, 'On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem', which appeared in Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society (Series 2, volume 42 (1936-37), pp. 230-265). The head and the tape A Turing machine is an idealised computing device consisting of a read/write head (or 'scanner') with a paper tape passing through it. The tape is divided into squares, each square bearing a single symbol'0' or '1', for example. This tape is the machine's general purpose storage medium, serving both as the vehicle for input and output and as a working memory for storing the results of intermediate steps of the computation. The input that is inscribed on the tape before the computation starts must consist of a finite number of symbols. However, the tape is of unbounded lengthfor Turing's aim was to show that there are tasks that these machines are unable to perform, even given unlimited working memory and unlimited time. A Turing machine The read/write head is programmable. It is be helpful to think of the operation of programming as consisting of altering the head's internal wiring by means of a plugboard arrangement. To compute with the device, you program it, inscribe the input on the tape (in binary or decimal code, say), place the head over the square containing the leftmost input symbol, and set the machine in motion. Once the computation is completed, the machine will come to a halt with the head positioned over the square containing the leftmost symbol of the output (or elsewhere if so programmed).

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