21. BMBF: Polar Research: Tracking Climate Processes polar research.; Federal Ministry of education and research (BMBF) polar research Tracking Climate Processes. The polar regions are the climatic http://www.bmbf.de/en/2647.php

start of service navigation [to main navigation use key M, to content use key C]) Home Contact Deutsch Sitemap ... Shopping Cart (end of service navigation) start of content [to context-sensitive information use key I, to service navigation use key S, to main navigation use key M]) Polar Research: Tracking Climate Processes The polar regions are the climatic chambers of the Earth. Exchanges between ocean, ice and atmosphere provide important information on climate changes. Mathematical models for a reliable interpretation of the data are still lacking. Research in the Arctic and Antarctic is therefore of major importance for our understanding of the climate. The polar regions of our planet play an important role in climate processes. By different processes, the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide is extracted from the atmosphere and transported into great depths in the seas of the polar and sub-polar regions. These processes have not yet been fully understood scientifically. It is, for example, unclear whether the CO processing plankton algae are "fertilized" by man-made CO emissions or damaged by stronger ultraviolet rays caused by the hole in the ozone layer above the polar caps. It is therefore impossible to determine whether their contribution to this natural relief system is growing or decreasing.

22. BMBF: The Earth System Geoscientists reconstruct the history of the polar regions and oceans. The Federal Ministry of education and research (BMBF) participates with €47.5 http://www.bmbf.de/en/research/917.php

start of service navigation [to main navigation use key M, to content use key C]) Home Contact Deutsch Sitemap ... Shopping Cart (end of service navigation) start of content [to context-sensitive information use key I, to service navigation use key S, to main navigation use key M]) topic Research The Earth System The Earth, the planet on which we live, is a highly sensitive structure. It is undergoing constant change and is subject to interactions in a complex system. What basic processes influence the climate and what role do humans play? Answers to these and other questions can only be found if the "Earth System" is studied and understood. BMBF funding programmes support this research. The sensitivity of the planet on which we live is revealed in many examples. At times the migration of the continents led to a worldwide and dramatic extinction of species while at the same time other species could adapt to the new living conditions by developing new life forms. Understanding global cycles and the interaction of the geosphere (the solid Earth), the cryosphere (the ice masses), the hydrosphere (fluid water) and the biosphere (the entire flora and fauna) enables us to develop strategies against desertification, food crises and migration pressure, improve disaster relief and prevention and find new ways of crisis prevention as well as peace and conflict research. Ever since industrial development began, humankind has actively influenced the Earth system. The mutual influencing will in turn change our habitat. We need knowledge of whether the Earth system can readily cope with the effects of the industrial societies and of internationally growing consumption. The burden on the atmosphere, the greenhouse effect, climate-relevant ocean currents and the ice masses at the Poles provide important indicators for a sustainable management of our planet as do the destruction of rain forests and the resulting changes.

23. TEA: Science_education- -- Researcher_opprojects Antarctic Science and Policy Interdisciplinary research education (ASPIRE). The course focused on scientific investigation of the polar regions, http://tea.armadaproject.org/science_education/researcher_opprojects.html

Current Polar Research Community Outreach Projects Overview This section is intended to identify active outreach projects of polar research programs. If you would like your program referenced, please send a brief description of the outreach project, state what the project is about, and indicate the intended audience. Include also, if available, the URL specific to the outreach component, a digital logo, and contact information for those who may want to know more. Mail to: General Public K-12 Teachers K-12 Students Undergraduate Research Experiences ... Other Projects General Public Social Sciences Web Page. A web page illustrates four projects supported by the Arctic Social Sciences Program. Narratives written by scientists are translated into illustrated computer documents. The page is on the Smithsonian's Arctic Studies Center. Join biologist and writer, Dr. Leighton Taylor, and nature photographer, Norbert Wu, as they dive with research teams beneath the ice of Antarctica's Ross Sea, observing and recording the underwater world of McMurdo Sound. Dr. Adam Marsh's Pages

24. National Institute Of Polar Research research and education in the University depend upon close cooperation with the earth geophysics, meteoritics, biology and polar regions engineering. http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/education/

Organization Organization Chart Scientists International Collaboration ... Antarctic Operation Center (Under Construction ) Arctic Environment Research Center Computing and Communications Center Polar Research Resources Center Antarctic Meteorite Research Center ... Video Library Education in the Graduate University for Advanced Studies Lecture for the 2001 fiscal year. The Graduate University for Advanced Studies was founded in 1988 as a new system of postgraduate education in Japan. The University offers a three-year Ph. D. (doctoral) course. Research and education in the University depend upon close cooperation with the inter-university research institutes (parent institutes). The Department of Polar Science consists of two chairs grouped as polar atmosphere science and polar hydrosphere and lithosphere science. Polar science requires interdiscipli-nary approaches taken from the sciences that include upper atmosphere physics, meteorology, glaciology, oceanography, geochemistry, geology, geomorphology, solid earth geo-physics, meteoritics, biology and polar regions engineering. The Department of Polar Science aims to educate students and to conduct research on physical, chemical, biological and geological processes and interactions in both the Arctic and Antarctic regions. These scientific investigations are associ-ated with studies of the magnetosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, lithosphere and biosphere in a global context. Culture of Antarectic ogananisms.

25. Monterey Bay Science Organizations - USGS Monterey Bay Science The Monterey Bay Aquarium is an acclaimed ocean education and research facility The West Coast and polar regions Undersea research Center is one of six http://montereybay.usgs.gov/organizations.html

USGS Monterey Bay Science Home Monterey Bay Science Organizations Science Organizations of the Monterey Bay Area: The Monterey Bay Crescent Ocean Research Consortium The Monterey Bay Crescent Ocean Research Consortium MBCORC ) was formed in 1998 when the Monterey Bay region hosted the country's first National Oceans Conference in Monterey, California. The mission of MBCORC is to promote the scientific understanding of coastal and marine systems and to facilitate the appreciation of that knowledge for public policy, environmental awareness, and decision-making. MBCORC achieves objectives by creating, coordinating, promoting, and endorsing research, education, and outreach activities, using the Monterey Bay as a natural laboratory. California State University, Monterey Bay CSUMB is a comprehensive state university that values academic quality and service to the community. CSUMB is recognized for its commitment to new technologies as a catalyst for learning, multidisciplinary programs, innovative methods of teaching and learning, and community service. The campus is founded on the principle of collaboration with other statewide and regional educational institutions, allowing its students seamless educational opportunities. Earth Systems Science and Policy Institute, California State University, Monterey Bay

26. Canadian Council For Geographic Education The polar regions are frequently neglected in discussions of the the onesthey think affect the polar regions;; research and answer questions about http://www.ccge.org/ccge/english/Resources/LessonPlans/tr_lesIdeas_habitatPolar.

HOME SITEMAP SEARCH Geography Action! ... Research Grants Connections to the curriculum: Geography, world history Connections to the Canadian National Standards for Geography: Places and Regions Environment and Society Time: Three to four hours Materials: Environmental Issues in the Polar Regions Suggested Grade Level: 9 - 12 Overview The Polar Regions are frequently neglected in discussions of the environment, but they shouldn't be. The environment of the Polar Regions is particularly susceptible to human impacts such as pollution and the depletion of the ozone layer. Moreover, the effects of global warming on the Polar Regions are likely to have major repercussions in the rest of the world. Students will learn about how environmental problems affect the Polar Regions, and they will create magazine ads to educate the public about these problems and to convince people to pay more attention to human impacts on the Arctic and Antarctic. Objectives Students will: review their knowledge of the polar regions;

27. Canada And Norway - Partners In The Arctic The Arctic and polar regions can be defined in varying ways. colleges andorganizations concerned with higher education and research. http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/canadaeuropa/norway/canoarctic-en.asp

Français Contact Us Help Search ... News from Canada Canada and Norway - Partners in the Arctic by Sonya Procenko Introduction Defining the Arctic Websites related to the Arctic Introduction We in the Nordic countries are proud to share this common heritage with Canada. And we share more than historic ties (Norwegian Polar Tradition, L'Anse aux Meadows..). We have similarities of geography, common values, and parallel social and political developments. We share a likeminded perception of international challenges and of the role of the countries in international politics. Although divided by High Seas, Canada and the Nordic countries are all countries of the North. And the North, as the Canadian poet and scholar Henry Beissel has put it, is where all parallels meet. So opened former State Secretary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Knut Vollebæk an Oslo 1990 conference on The Arctic: Canada and the Nordic Countries and today these same words ring true. Defining the Arctic The Arctic and polar regions can be defined in varying ways. One way is north of the Arctic Circle (66 33N) or another, more strictly the region to the north of the ice drift in winter, the sea and land around the North Pole, some 26 million square kilometres, 8 million square kilometres of land, the rest is formed by the sea. The Arctic is a deep (2,000 to 5,000 m) ice-covered sea encircled by shallower seas (300 to 400 m) and almost entirely enclosed by land. Norway extends farther north and its first polar environment exists on Svalbard while the polar environment on North America extends farther south.

28. University Of Kansas School Of Engineering The changes taking place in the polar regions are unprecedented, Gogineni said . research and education across all fields of science and engineering. http://www.engr.ku.edu/news/archive/engineering/2005-04-11

toggle navigation Engineering Departments Aerospace Engineering Architectural Engineering Chemical Engineering Civil Engineering Computer Engineering Computer Science Electrical Engineering Engineering Physics Engineering Management Environmental Engineering Mechanical Engineering Petroleum Engineering Engr A-Z Meet Dean Stuart R. Bell About KU Engineering Undergraduate Study ... Home Information For Prospective Students Current Students International Students Alumni ... Forms Search KU Engineering leads successful effort to win $19 mm NSF grant April 11, 2005 Posted by: Jill Hummels File Under: Dean's Announcement The National Science Foundation has announced it will establish a prestigious, multi-million dollar Science and Technology Center at the University of Kansas to research the impact of global climate change on polar ice sheets. This is the second time since 2003 that a NSF has established a major research center at KU. The five-year award for $19 million is the largest single federal research grant ever received by KU or any university in Kansas. KU is only one of two universities in the nation to be granted a Science and Technology Center this year. "The University of Kansas is honored to receive this grant from the National Science Foundation," said KU Chancellor Robert Hemenway. "These centers are awarded on a very competitive basis, and only to the top research institutions in the nation. This award is confirmation of the research strength of KU."

29. GEO-3: GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT OUTLOOK Urban areas the polar regions. While the Antarctic is uninhabited, support tostimulate jobs, industry, higher education and research in the North. http://www.grida.no/geo/geo3/english/440.htm

UNEP DEWA UNEP.Net GEO-1 ... GEO-3 GEO: Global Environment Outlook 3 Past, present and future perspectives Contact Us Help Search GEO-3: Home GEO-3 Chapter 2 Urban areas ... Table of contents Urban areas: the Polar Regions While the Antarctic is uninhabited, the Arctic has 3.75 million permanent residents, according to the Arctic Council. Most settlements have remained modest in size, with populations of less than 5 000 people. The vast majority of Arctic residents today are nonindigenous immigrants. This shift in demographic make-up has been accompanied by a steady increase in urbanization, with migration from smaller settlements to larger urban settings, a general trend throughout the Arctic (see box). Urban growth in the Arctic Greenland has experienced urban growth since the 1970s (Rasmussen and Hamilton 2001). Roughly one-quarter of Greenland's population lives in Nuuk, the capital. This concentration of the urban population in one city is found in other Arctic countries: 40 per cent of Iceland's growing population lives in Reykjavik, onethird of the Faroe Islands' people lives in Torshavn, and almost 40 per cent of the population of Canada's Northwest Territories' lives in Yellowknife. Anchorage in Alaska is the only North American Arctic city with a population of more than 100 000. The rapidly growing population of Anchorage reached 262 200 in 2001, while the population of the next largest city of Arctic Alaska, Fairbanks, declined slightly over the past decade to 30 500.

30. IRIS Search Results Undersea research Program West Coast and polar regions Undersea research CenterUniversity Occupational Safety and Health education and research . http://iris.library.uiuc.edu/~iris/deadlines/all/agriculture.html

IRIS Search OPS Search IRIS Alert Service IRIS Expertise Service ... HOME IRIS Search Results Search criteria: ( dl between 09/01/2005 and 02/28/2006 or dl none ) and su "13" Subject Number 13: Agriculture Records found: Sorted by: Deadlines Agriculture (Department of) Agricultural Research Service Postdoctoral Research Associate Program - none - Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Servi... National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Pgm (NR... Applied Plant Genomics - Coordinated Agricultural Proj... - none - American Seed Research Foundation Research Grants - none - Austrian Science Fund (FWF) Lise Meitner Program - none - Biotechnology Research and Development Corporation Research Grants Program - none - Canadian Embassy Canadian Studies Grant Program International Research Linkages Grant - none - Matching Grant Program - none - Outreach Grant - none - Center for Science in the Public Interest Public Interest Internship Program - none - Commerce (Department of) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant College Program Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant College Fellowships for Gra...

31. CARA Education And Outreach: Related Links Byrd polar research Center, at Ohio State University. See polar regions 4thgrade page. Internet Public Library, Antarctica Page. Kidsbank.com. http://astro.uchicago.edu/cara/outreach/links.html

Center for Astrophysical Research in Antarctica CARA Education and Outreach: Educational Links Got a resource you think we should list here? Email us and tell us about it! Index: Educational events or resources in which CARA has been directly involved Visitor Centers and Other Overviews of the South Pole Online Trip Diaries, Photo Essays Weather and Maps ... People who have linked to us See also the page of more research-related links Educational events or resources in which CARA has been directly involved We were involved in the National Science Foundation 's Science and Technology Week 1998 since the theme was "Polar Connections." southpole.edu , the website from Janice Van Cleave's 1997-98 trip to the South Pole. (Sponsored by CARA, and our education coordinator, Randy Landsberg, went along too.) Live from Antarctica " and " Live from Antarctica 2 " were PBS shows that aired in 1994-1995 (1) and 1997 (2). These shows included a live broadcast from the South Pole and substantial lesson plans, still archived on line. Live from the Poles broadcasted in early 1998.

32. Gigablast Search Results supporting polar and cryospheric research. Site includes education resources, Program that sponsors research experiences in the polar regions for US http://dir.gigablast.com/Regional/Polar_Regions/Science_and_Environment/

Family filter: On Off Entire Directory Entire Category Pages in Base Category Sites in Base Category Top Regional Antarctic Arctic ... Scientific Institutions Related Categories: Science: Environment Science: Earth Sciences: Quaternary Studies: Glaciology Science: Environment: Global Change: Ozone Layer Society: Issues: Environment: Organizations: Regional: Polar Regions ... Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research Conducts research in the Arctic, the Antarctic and at temperate latitudes. It coordinates Germany's polar research programme and provides other institutions with the facilities, equipment and logistics needed for polar expeditions. www.awi-bremerhaven.de/index-e.html [archived copy] [stripped] [older copies] - indexed: Apr 26 2005 Arctic and Antarctic Regions Resource for research on cold regions. General information, overview, and content. www.nisc.com/factsheets/aar.htm [archived copy] [stripped] [older copies] - indexed: Apr 26 2005 - modified: Oct 24 2003 Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research An interdisciplinary journal providing original research on the Polar regions. Includes abstracts, index, subscription information. It does not provide the full-text of articles.

33. Intro To INSTAAR LongTerm Ecological research (LTER) studies in alpine and polar regions are INSTAAR’S Societal Mission consists of activities in research, education, http://instaar.colorado.edu/intro/

Home Introduction Research People Education Other ... Contact Us Introduction: Our Mission and Organization Climatologist servicing the D-2 meteorological station (3743 m) on Niwot Ridge, Colorado, winter 1953. Photo: J. Marr. T he Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research strives for excellence in research, education, and societal outreach. The Institute facilitates and accomplishes interdisciplinary studies offering special expertise in high-altitude and high-latitude regions of the world. INSTAAR also offers excellence in global and environmental research including non-cold-region Quaternary studies and geochronology, earth-system dynamics, landscape and seascape evolution, and climate dynamics. INSTAAR aims to understand how the varied regions of the world are affected by natural and human induced physical and biogeochemical processes on the local, regional, and global scales. Research initiatives are interlinked with our educational and societal outreach missions. By encouraging the use of our facilities, and the expertise of our personnel, INSTAAR provides excellent educational opportunities to graduate and undergraduate students. Our outreach to the wider community, both locally and farther afield, includes aspects of research and education. INSTAAR provides leadership in setting regional, national, and international science priorities and agendas, with particular emphasis on societally relevant issues.

34. International Polar Year 2007-2008 II - Cryosphere [C] faculty c) integrate research and education; d) create awareness for polarregions in combining polar regions research with education and outreach. http://www.agu.org/meetings/sm05/sm05-sessions/sm05_C42A.html

Cryosphere [C] C42A CC:225 Thursday 1030h International Polar Year 2007-2008 II Presiding: M Albert, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory; D Bromwich, Byrd Polar Research Center, Ohio State University The Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) in the IPY 2007-2009 Wilson, T J (twilson@mps.ohio-state.edu) , Ohio State University, 130 Orton Hall 155 S. Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210-1522 United States Summerhayes, C (cps3@cam.ac.uk) , Scientific Committee on AntarcticResearch, Scott Polar Research Institute Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1ER United Kingdom http://www.scar.org/researchgroups/ Coring to the West Antarctic ice sheet bed with a new Deep Ice Sheet Coring (DISC) drill * Bentley, C R (bentley@geology.wisc.edu) , Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1225 W. Dayton St., Madison, WI 53706 United States Taylor, K C (kendrick@dri.edu) , Desert Research Institute, University of Nevada, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 United States Shturmakov, A J (alex.shturmakov@ssec.wisc.edu) , Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1225 W. Dayton St., Madison, WI 53706 United States

35. ANTARCTICA: Education: Selected Internet Resources (Portals To The World, Librar ANTARCTICA education. Created and maintained by the Federal research Division Focuses on the tourism and environmental impact on the polar regions of http://www.loc.gov/rr/international/frd/antarctica/education.htm

The Library of Congress Global Gateway Portals to the World Antarctica Find in Portals Web Pages Global Gateway Pages All Library Web Pages ANTARCTICA: Education Created and maintained by the Federal Research Division Collections and Services Directorate Artists to Antarctica Program (http://www.craftinfo.org.nz/awards/moreinfo/antarctica.htm) The program provides artists with the opportunity to go to Antarctica to create an artistic work or series of works in their particular field. Included are the criteria for potential applicants. British Antarctic Survey (BAS) (http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/) One of the premier institutions and sites in the field of Antarctic study; includes an "Information for Schools" page, emphasizing the growing interest in not only secondary schools and colleges, but primary schools as well; contains such sections as "The Antarctic Schools Pack" and "Resources for Primary Schools"; explains the contents of the resource pack and how to acquire it. Provides name and email address of the BAS Schools Liaison officer. The Explorers Web (http://www.thepoles.com/)

36. Polar News Note The polar regions of our planet may not be the most hospitable places with around the country displayed research and education projects funded by NSF. http://www.agiweb.org/gap/legis105/cnsfnote.html

American Geological Institute Government Affairs Program Polar Research Becomes a Hot Topic The following report appears as a News Note in the July 1998 issue of Geotimes. It is reprinted here with permission. The polar regions of our planet may not be the most hospitable places with average temperatures in the sixties (below zero, that is!), but their very remoteness and the chemical record of past climates contained within long-lived glaciers provide scientists with tremendous insights into the rest of the planet. Several recent outreach events have sought to bring the scientific research conducted in these regions closer to home for the public and policymakers alike. Polar research was the theme for National Science and Technology Week and was featured in a congressional exhibition of research funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF). Because the geosciences play a major role in polar research, these events also provide a showcase for the valuable contributions that earth scientists are making to our understanding of past and present climates. National Science and Technology Week The fourteenth annual National Science and Technology Week (NSTW), an NSF-sponsored public outreach effort, was held April 26 - May 2, 1998. According to NSF Director Neal Lane, this year's theme

37. Polar Bound Contest 2005 Winners must agree to a mandatory education and research program prior to and during for the global community to better understand the polar regions? http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/polarbound2005/rules.asp

HOME POLAR REGIONS Arctic Antarctic ... RESOURCES RULES AND REGULATIONS ELIGIBILITY QUESTION FORMAT IDENTIFICATION ... LIABILITY RELEASE ELIGIBILITY: CONTEST QUESTION: The International Polar Year (IPY) 2007-2009 will be a two-year program of science, research and education focused on the Arctic and Antarctic regions. Imagine you have been invited to sit on an IPY council as a representative for Canadian youth. What do you think the most important issues and outcomes should be for the IPY? Why now, more than ever, is it important for the global community to better understand the polar regions? Present your answer and recommendations in an essay, pictorial, poem, poster, film or other creative submission. FORMAT: An English or French creative submission in any format will be accepted, with or without additional supporting items. IDENTIFICATION: Each entry must be accompanied by a fully completed entry form (photocopies acceptable) and be clearly labeled with the entrant's name, date of birth, address, phone number and signature of parent or legal guardian. Entries not meeting these requirements will not be eligible for judging. WINNER: The winner's names will be displayed on the Canadian Geographic and Students on Ice web sites and will be published in an upcoming issue of Canadian Geographic DEADLINE: All entries must be hand delivered or postmarked on or before October 14, 2005, and (if mailed) must be received by October 24, 2005.

38. United States Research Funding- IASC S Arctic Funding Guide Postdoctoral Fellowships in polar regions research; Study of the Northern Alaska Objective Promotes education and equity for all women and girls, http://www.arcticsciencefunding.org/usa.html

39. Polar Regions (Norway - The Official Site In The Czech Republic) education research EEA grants Facts History Norske sider Norway 19052005 Norway and EU polar regions. Threats to the arctic environment http://www.noramb.cz/policy/environment/polar/

Embassy Innovation Norway Press Language Choose your country Home Norway 1905-2005 Business ... Visa and other permits SEARCH Polar Regions Threats to the arctic environment The natural surroundings of the Arctic are very fragile, and even minor encroachments can cause lasting damage. The Arctic environment is coming under growing pressure from human activity. Tourists are heading deeper into the wilderness, and more and more people want to experience the untouched nature that can only be found in polar regions. Concentrations of environmentally hazardous PCBs in polar bears in Svalbard have been found to be up to six times higher than in polar bears in Canada. Because of the difficult climate and other natural conditions and the large areas involved, monitoring the environment in the Arctic is a major undertaking. Svalbard Svalbard is part of the Kingdom of Norway, but the Treaty of Svalbard from 1925 also gives other countries extensive rights. Citizens from signatory countries to the Treaty have the same rights as Norwegian citizens to engage in industry, mining, fishing, hunting and other maritime and commercial activities. All visits to Svalbard are subject to strict regulations regarding the protection of nature and historical sites, as well as ensuring the safety of the visitors. The tour organizer must inform the Governor of Svalbard of all tour plans well ahead of the start of the season, as well as present proof of insurance to cover any search and rescue operations should the need arise. Individual travellers must notify the authorities of any planned trips.

40. Polar Regions (Norway - The Official Site In Serbia And Montenegro) education research Facts Informacije na srpskom Norsk Society Policy polar regions. Threats to the arctic environment http://www.norveska.org.yu/policy/environment/polar/

embassy trade Press Language Choose your country Home Bilateral Relations Business ... Visa and other permits SEARCH Polar Regions Threats to the arctic environment The natural surroundings of the Arctic are very fragile, and even minor encroachments can cause lasting damage. The Arctic environment is coming under growing pressure from human activity. Tourists are heading deeper into the wilderness, and more and more people want to experience the untouched nature that can only be found in polar regions. Concentrations of environmentally hazardous PCBs in polar bears in Svalbard have been found to be up to six times higher than in polar bears in Canada. Because of the difficult climate and other natural conditions and the large areas involved, monitoring the environment in the Arctic is a major undertaking. Svalbard Svalbard is part of the Kingdom of Norway, but the Treaty of Svalbard from 1925 also gives other countries extensive rights. Citizens from signatory countries to the Treaty have the same rights as Norwegian citizens to engage in industry, mining, fishing, hunting and other maritime and commercial activities. All visits to Svalbard are subject to strict regulations regarding the protection of nature and historical sites, as well as ensuring the safety of the visitors. The tour organizer must inform the Governor of Svalbard of all tour plans well ahead of the start of the season, as well as present proof of insurance to cover any search and rescue operations should the need arise. Individual travellers must notify the authorities of any planned trips.

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