21. Lynch, Bibliography For Behn's Oroonoko Mary Ann O Donnell, aphra behn An Annotated Bibliography of Primary and Angeline Goreau, Reconstructing aphra A Social Biography of aphra behn. http://andromeda.rutgers.edu/~jlynch/Biblio/behn.html

An Annotated Bibliography on Aphra Behn's Oroonoko Jack Lynch 19 September 1994 (with a few minor updates on 18 February 1997 my thanks to Mary Ann O'Donnell) Since Mary Ann O'Donnell has produced a nearly comprehensive bibliography of primary and secondary work through 1984 (item 1), I have covered only the more important works before 1985, giving references to O'Donnell's number when available. Coverage since then is more thorough. Excluded are bibliographical and textual studies, reviews, and a number of items not easily available. Books devoted exclusively to Behn receive fairly thorough treatment; articles since 1985 are also considered in depth. Since Behn often figures in accounts of the development of the early novel, discussions of her (even the briefest) in the more important work on what Watt has labeled the rise of the novel appear under "Brief Mentions." Bibliography: Mary Ann O'Donnell, Aphra Behn: An Annotated Bibliography of Primary and Secondary Sources . New York and London: Garland Publishing, 1986. The most thorough bibliography, comprising material from 1671 through 1985; O'Donnell claims the coverage through 1984 is comprehensive. O'Donnell catalogues 106 primary titles and 661 secondary works, and annotates them briefly.

22. The Old Aphra Behn Society Homepage The Old aphra behn Society Homepage. Last Update 3/7/01 Back Issues of The Aprha behn Newsletter Not Available at New Site http://locutus.ucr.edu/~cathy/behn.html

The Old Aphra Behn Society Homepage Last Update 3/7/01 The Behn Society Page Has Moved!! Please change links to http://prometheus.cc.emory.edu/behn/index.html Back Issues of The Aprha Behn Newsletter Not Available at New Site Editor 1995-1996: Catherine H. Decker (cathy@cassandra.ucr.edu) Current Editor: Karen Bloom ( bloomk@roo.susqu.edu Vol. I, No. 1 , 23 Feb. 1995 Vol. I, No. 2 , 2 April 1995 Vol. I, No. 3 , 12 May 1995 Vol. I, No. 4 , 15 June 1995 Vol. I, No. 5 , 15 Sept. 1995 Vol. II, No. 1 , Feb. 1996 Vol. II, No. 2 , Feb.-Mar. 1996 Return to Catherine Decker's Homepage

23. Aphra Behn Bibliography Seizing the Means of Seduction Fiction and Feminine Identity in aphra behn and Delariviere Manley. In Isobel Grundy and Susan Wiseman, eds. http://english.uwaterloo.ca/courses/engl710b/behnbib.html

Aphra Behn: Bibliography Aercke, Kristiaan P. "Theatrical Background in English Novels of the Seventeenth Century." Journal of Narrative Technique Armistead, J.M. and Werner Bies. Four Restoration Playwrights: A Reference Guide to Thomas Shadwell, Aphra Behn, Nathaniel Lee, and Thomas Otway . Boston: Hall, 1984. Ballaster, Roz. "Seizing the Means of Seduction: Fiction and Feminine Identity in Aphra Behn and Delariviere Manley." In Isobel Grundy and Susan Wiseman, eds. Women, Writing, History: 1640-1799 . Athens: U of Georgia P, 1992. 93-108. Barrett, Alberta Gregg. Plot, Characterization, and Theme in the Plays of Aphra Behn. DAI Batten, Charles L., Jr. "The Source of Aphra Behn's The Widow Ranter ." Restoration and Eighteenth-Century Theatre Research Behn, Aphra. Aphra Behn/ Oroonoko, The Rover, and Other Works. Janet Todd, ed. London: Penguin, 1992. The Rover . Frederick M. Link, ed. Lincoln: U of Nebraska P, 1967. The Works of Aphra Behn, III: The Fair Jilt and Other Stories . Janet Todd, ed. Columbus, OH: Ohio State UP, 1995.

24. Aphra Behn: A Brief Chronology aphra behn a brief chronology. circa 1640 Born. Details of her early life are vague. Birthplace may have been Kent, maiden name may have been Johnson. http://www.okima.com/cast/behn.html

INVITATION TO A FUNERAL a tale of Restoration intrigue by Molly Brown Aphra Behn: a brief chronology circa 1640: Born. Details of her early life are vague. Birthplace may have been Kent, maiden name may have been Johnson. Also, she may have been adopted. 1663: Her (adopted?) father is appointed Lieutenant Governor of Surinam. The family travels to Surinam by ship, but her father dies on the voyage. circa May 1664: Returns to London. circa 1664: She marries a Dutch merchant named Behn, who later dies in the Plague. Or does she? Some writers have suggested her dead husband may have been a fabrication created to give her an air of respectability. July, 1666: She travels to Antwerp as a spy during the war against the Dutch. She is not paid for her services and has to borrow money in order to return home. Spring, 1667: Returns to London, heavily in debt. 1668: Unable to pay her debts, she is arrested and taken to prison. It is not clear which prison she went to, how long she was incarcerated, or who came up with the money to get her relased. September, 1670: She makes her debut as a playwright;

25. IPL Online Literary Criticism Collection The aphra behn Society is dedicated to encouraging and advancing research that focuses on Use these links to search for aphra behn outside the IPL. http://www.ipl.org/div/litcrit/bin/litcrit.out.pl?au=beh-106

26. Aphra Behn In Cyberspace Welcome to our class page on aphra behn. As we read and discuss behn s novel Oroonoko, I would like you to visit some of the sites below to get a sense http://www.bucks.edu/~darrahs/alphra.htm

APHRA BEHN IN CYBERSPACE AT BCCC Introduction to the Novel Aphra Behn in Cyberspace Welcome to our class page on Aphra Behn. As we read and discuss Behn's "novel" Oroonoko , I would like you to visit some of the sites below to get a sense both of how Oroonoko fits into the history of the novel and of the specific issues to which it is related. You will also find below some study questions which we will discuss in class and on our email discussion list. Text of Oroonoko online Ruth Nestvold's Ideas on Behn, ... "The Unfortunate Happy Lady: A True History" Please begin to think about the following questions as you read Oroonoko Who is the narrator of Oroonoko ? What do you imagine her position in society to be? What do you think her attitude toward slavery is? How do you know? Do there seem to be contradictions in her attitude? What are they? Behn seems to take up a large part of the beginning of Oroonoko with elaborate physical descriptions of both Oroonoko (Caesar) and Imoinda. What do these descriptions suggest to you? Why do you think the narrator describes Oroonoko and Imoinda this way? How are the other slaves described? What are the differences in these descriptions from those of Oroonoko and Imoinda? What are your feelings about this particular narrator (a white woman) telling Oroonoko's story? Does she share (as a woman) any of the Oroonoko's experiences?

27. Aphra Behn (16401689) British writer. aphra behn is one of the most famous women writers in literature, partly because she was one of the first women to make a living http://classiclit.about.com/cs/profileswriters/p/aa_abehn1.htm

zOBT=" Ads" zGCID=" test1" zGCID=" test1 test5" zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') z160=zpreC(160,600);z336=zpreC(336,280);z728=zpreC(728,90);z133=zpreC(336,133);zItw=160 Classic Literature var h2=document.getElementsByTagName("h2")[0];if(h2.getElementsByTagName("a")[0].firstChild.nodeValue.length>29)h2.className="long"; Home Education Classic Literature Search over 1.4 million articles by over 600 experts Search Classic Literature Reading Advice Book Basics Email ... on the Classic Literature Forum Aphra Behn h1 = document.getElementById("title").getElementsByTagName("h1")[0];h1.innerHTML = widont(h1.innerHTML); By Esther Lombardi , About.com Filed In: A-to-Z Writers A-to-Z Writers B - Writers - Last Names Behn, Aphra Aphra Behn Birth: Aphra Behn was born in Kent around 1640. Her maiden name was Johnson, and she was the daughter of an innkeeper. Aphra Behn Death: Aphra Behn died on April 16, 1689. She is buried in Westminster Abbey. Aphra Behn Marriage: In 1664, Aphra Behn married a city merchant (Behn) who died within two years. Aphra Behn Professions: Aphra Behn became a professional spy for Charles II. She was code-named "Astrea" or Agent 160. She provided political and naval information to the English government during the war with the the Dutch. Then, when she returned to England, she was imprisoned briefly for debt.

28. Howstuffworks "Behn, Aphra - Encyclopedia Entry" Learn about behn, aphra. Read our encyclopedia entry on behn, aphra. http://reference.howstuffworks.com/behn-aphra-encyclopedia.htm

HowStuffWorks.com RSS Make HowStuffWorks your homepage Get Newsletter Search HowStuffWorks and the web: Encyclopedia Humanities Literature English ... Dramatists Learn about English Dramatists and get information on topics related to English Dramatists. Related Categories: REFERENCE LINKS PRINT EMAIL Behn, Aphra Behn, Aphra, bayn or behn, AF ruh (1640-1689), was a dramatist, novelist, and poet. Using the pen name "Astraea," she was the first woman in England to become a professional writer and the first woman to be accepted as a playwright in the male-dominated English theater. Her fiction was important in the development of the English novel and her work influenced the novelist Henry Fielding. Behn wrote more than 15 plays and in her own time was best known as a dramatist. Today, she is best known for her novel Oroonoko (1688), a vivid, realistic story about a noble black prince of Suriname who is enslaved by cruel white men. The novel is an important antislavery document. Related Topics: Shakespeare, William

29. Oroonoko: Or, The Royal Slave Oroonoko or, the Royal Slave, by aphra behn. Oroonoko or, the Royal Slave. aphra behn (1688). PDF version. Note on the etext this Renascence http://www.uoregon.edu/~rbear/oroonoko.html

Return to Renascence Editions Oroonoko: or, the Royal Slave Aphra Behn (1688). PDF version Note on the e-text: this Renascence Editions Oroonoko: or, the Royal Slave by Mrs. Aphra Behn First published in 1688 I DO not pretend, in giving you the history of this Royal Slave, to entertain my reader with adventures of a feigned hero, whose life and fortunes fancy may manage at the poet's pleasure; nor in relating the truth, design to adorn it with any accidents but such as arrived in earnest to him: and it shall come simply into the world, recommended by its own proper merits and natural intrigues; there being enough of reality to support it, and to render it diverting, without the addition of invention. I was myself an eye-witness to a great part of what you will find here set down; and what I could not be witness of, I received from the mouth of the chief actor in this history, the hero himself, who gave us the whole transactions of his youth: and though I shall omit, for brevity's sake, a thousand little accidents of his life, which, however pleasant to us, where history was scarce and adventures very rare, yet might prove tedious and heavy to my reader, in a world where he finds diversions for every minute, new and strange. But we who were perfectly charmed with the character of this great man were curious to gather every circumstance of his life. The scene of the last part of his adventures lies in a colony in America, called Surinam, in the West Indies.

30. §22. Aphra Behn. V. The Restoration Drama. Vol. 8. The Age Of Dryden. The Cambr Nothing could be more unfortunate than the criticism that finds for aphra behn a model in Jonson. 77 That lady’s art was predatory, and she took any http://www.bartleby.com/218/0522.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Cambridge History The Age of Dryden The Restoration Drama ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Cambridge History of English and American Literature in 18 Volumes Volume VIII. The Age of Dryden.

31. Guardian Unlimited: Arts Blog - Books: Aphra Behn: Still A Radical Example Whenever aphra behn is written about, Virginia Woolf s entreaty is usually pulled out to act as the opening line All women together ought to let flowers http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/books/2007/11/aphra_behn_still_a_radical_exa.html

Sign in Register Read today's paper Jobs Go to: Guardian Unlimited home UK news World news Comment is free blog Newsblog Sport blog Podcasts In pictures Archive search Arts and entertainment Books Business EducationGuardian.co.uk Environment Film Football Jobs Life and style MediaGuardian.co.uk Money Music The Observer Politics Science Shopping SocietyGuardian.co.uk Sport Talk Technology Travel Been there Audio Email services Special reports The Guardian The northerner The wrap Advertising guide Crossword Events / offers Feedback Garden centre GNM press office Graduate GuardianFilms Headline service Help / contacts Information Living our values Newsroom Reader Offers Soulmates dating Style guide Syndication services Travel offers TV listings Weather Web guides Working for us Guardian Abroad Guardian Monthly Guardian Weekly Money Observer Public Learn Guardian back issues Observer back issues Guardian Professional Home Art Books Film ... Writers A-Z Aphra Behn: still a radical example Three and a half centuries on, the Restoration's Mae West makes many of today's women writers look distinctly genteel Belinda Webb Latest blog posts Metrical feet: poetry on the move Literature gets to modern maladies fastest The audiobook diet Show all articles ... Printable version Whenever Aphra Behn is written about

32. Aphra Behn — Infoplease.com behn, aphra ( f ru b n, b n) key, 1640–89, first professional female English author. Little is known of her early life, but there is evidence that c.1658 http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0806789.html

Site Map FAQ in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Spelling Checker Daily Almanac for Jan 28, 2008 Search White Pages Skip Navigation Home Almanacs ... Word of the Day Editor's Favorites 2007 Year in Review Black History Month Leap Year Martin Luther King Day ... 2008 Calendar Search: Infoplease Info search tips Search: Biographies Bio search tips google_ad_client = 'pub-1894504138907931'; google_ad_width = 120; google_ad_height = 240; google_ad_format = '120x240_as'; google_ad_type = 'text'; google_ad_channel =''; google_color_border = ['336699','B4D0DC','DFF2FD','B0E0E6']; google_color_bg = ['FFFFFF','ECF8FF','DFF2FD','FFFFFF']; google_color_link = ['0000FF','0000CC','0000CC','000000']; google_color_url = ['008000','008000','008000','336699']; google_color_text = ['000000','6F6F6F','000000','333333']; Encyclopedia Behn, Aphra Behn, Aphra u key The Rover. All her plays are noted for their broad, bawdy humor. Despite her success as a playwright, however, her best literary achievement can be found in her novels. The most notable of these is Oroonoko (1688), a heroical love story, the first philosophical novel in English. Aphra Behn was famous for her lifestyle as well as her works; her denial of woman's subservience to man and her high-living, bohemian existence has led critics to describe her as the George Sand of the Restoration and a forerunner of the feminist movement. Her literary reputation declined rapidly in the 18th cent., but Montague Summers's collected edition of her work (6 vol., 1915) revived an interest in her.

33. Aphra Behn, Oroonoko Characters I, a character in some sense modeled on the reallife aphra behn; Oroonoko, an African prince and later a slave to the English who called him http://faculty.goucher.edu/eng211/aphra_behn_oroonoko.htm

Aphra Behn, Oroonoko, or The Royal Slave Genre: the work's genre is still debatable, but it claims to be a memoir and travel narrative (of Behn's years in the colony of "Surinam," later called Dutch Guiana), as well as the biography of Oroonoko, whom his captors called "Caesar." Form: prose. Characters: "I," a character in some sense modeled on the real-life Aphra Behn; Oroonoko , an African prince and later a slave to the English who called him "Caesar"; Imoinda , his lover, also enslaved and sometimes called "Clemene"; Jamoan , an opposing warrior chief who, conquered by Oroonoko, becomes his vassal; the King of Coramantien , whom Oroonoko serves and later betrays, and who betrays him; the slave-running English ship captain ; and various English colonists, especially the supposedly sympathetic plantation overseer named Trefrey , the colony's deputy governor named William Byam , the gallant Colonel Martin , and " Bannister , a wild Irishman" (1910). Summary: Issues and Research Sources: Among other sources, Behn's invention of Orooonoko draws upon

34. GradeSaver: ClassicNote: Biography Of Aphra Behn In a time when very few writers could support themselves through writing, aphra behn was a well known and highly regarded writer in London. http://www.gradesaver.com/classicnotes/authors/about_aphra_behn.html

My Account Home Free Online Study Guides Best Editing Anywhere Getting you the grade since 1999. Study Guides Editing Services ... Help Search: Biography of Aphra Behn (1640-1689) In a time when very few writers could support themselves through writing, Aphra Behn was a well known and highly regarded writer in London. She wrote many plays for the London stage, penned poetry, and wrote what some consider the first English novel (though others consider it a novella, and it might even be considered a longish short story). Much of her work cries out against the unequal treatment of women in her era, and she suffered the consequences of these claims by enduring harsh criticism and even arrest. Not much is known about the early life of Aphra Behn. During Behn's childhood, a civil war broke out in England between the Parliament, led by Oliver Cromwell, and the British monarch, Charles I, and it ended with the king's beheading in 1649. In 1658 the monarchy was restored (this time became known as the Restoration). More than likely, she was born in 1640, possibly to wet nurse Eaffry Johnson, according to baptismal records in Harbledown, a village near Canterbury. Her father was probably a barber. Because her mother cared for the upper-class Colepepper children, chances are that she received some sort of education. More than likely, she left England for Surinam in 1663 when her father was appointed to a military outpost in South America. One can hardly imagine such a journey today, and it is possible that her father did not survive. The short time she spent at the English settlement in the company of her mother and sister provided her with the material for

35. Aphra Behn (1640-1689) Writer 30 of the Most Influential Women of the Millennium Women s History Month 2001, aphra behn (16401689) Writer. http://www.pinn.net/~sunshine/whm2001/behn.html

Sunshine for Women WHM 2001, ToC Home Aphra Behn Esteemed as a writer in her own time, upon her death, Behn was buried in the East cloister of Westminster Abbey. In A Room of One's Own Virginia Woolf wrote that all women should "let flowers fall upon the tomb of Aphra Behn, for it was she who earned them the right to speak their minds." Although women had been writing for centuries, only a few women, such as Christine de Pizan (c.1364 - c.1431), had managed to earn their living by the pen. Indeed, only a few women had managed to earn an independent livelihood in any career. For the working class, there was plenty of work for women as washerwomen, brewsters, needleworkers, and the like, but then, as now, women were paid much less for their labor than men, and most women could not earn enough money to keep body and soul together. Women were forced to marry for their daily bread. For the rich and middle classes, only a few professions existed: governess and that's all I can think of at the moment. If the woman came from a Catholic family, she could take religious orders. Otherwise she was dependent on her family (her father, her brothers, or other close relatives), she married to establish her own family, or she became a courtesan or a prostitute. Her early life is shrouded in mystery, even the identity of her parents in unknown. Behn was possibly the Eaffry Johnson born to Bartholomew and Elizabeth Johnson in 1640 in Harbledon near Canterbury; in which case, her father was a barber. Somewhere along the line she became literate enough in French and Latin to produce English translations of works in those languages. How and where she acquired her education is unknown.

36. Aphra Behn Quotes A collection of quotes by the Restoration dramatist aphra behn. http://www.notable-quotes.com/b/behn_aphra.html

Browse quotes by subject Browse quotes by author APHRA BEHN QUOTES Aphra Behn (1640-1689) Restoration dramatist Love ceases to be a pleasure, when it ceases to be a secret. APHRA BEHN, The Lover's Watch, Four o'clock Variety is the soul of pleasure. APHRA BEHN, The Rover As love is the most noble and divine passion of the soul, so is it that to which we may justly attribute all the real satisfactions of life, and without it, man is unfinished, and unhappy. APHRA BEHN, The Fair Jilt Money speaks sense in a language all nations understand. APHRA BEHN, The Rover There is no sinner like a young saint. APHRA BEHN, The Rover Oh, I am arm'd with more than complete steel, The justice of my quarrel. APHRA BEHN, The Moor's Revenge RELATED LINKS Aphra Behn - a biography. Aphra Behn Monologues - a collection of monologues from the plays of Aphra Behn. Aphra Behn Poems - A collection of Behn's poetry. Aphra Behn Bibliography - a bibliography, including a list of critical resources. Quotations Poetry Trivia Links

37. Aphra Behn: Monologues An index of monologues from the plays of aphra behn. http://www.monologuearchive.com/b/behn_aphra.html

MONOLOGUES BY APHRA BEHN: The Forc'd Marriage - dramatic monologue for a man. The Lucky Chance - dramatic/comic monologue for a man. The Town-Fop - comic monologue for a man. RELATED LINKS: Aphra Behn - A biography. Aphra Behn - A biography. Aphra Behn Biography - Another biographical sketch. Aphra Behn: Poems - An index of poems. Purchase books by Aphra Behn Search eBay! or Abebooks for more books by Aphra Behn MONOLOGUE INDEX Comic Monologues for Men Comic Monologues for Women Dramatic Monologues for Men Dramatic Monologues for Women ... Monologues for Children BROWSE MONOLOGUES BY PLAYWRIGHT: A B C D ... Email Us onologuearchive.com

38. Aphra Behn: Poems An index of poems by aphra behn. RELATED WEBSITES. aphra behn A biography of the British poet and dramatist. aphra behn - A biography of the British http://www.poetry-archive.com/b/behn_aphra.html

POEMS BY APHRA BEHN The Disappointment Love Armed On Desire On Her Loving Two Equally ... To the Fair Clarinda, Who Made Love to Me, Imagined More than Woman RELATED WEBSITES Aphra Behn - A biography of the British poet and dramatist. Aphra Behn - A biography of the British dramatist and spy for England, code-named "Astrea" or Agent 160 Aphra Behn: Bibliography - A bibliography of the works of Aphra Behn; includes a list of critical resources. Aphra Behn Biography - Another biographical sketch. Find more articles on Aphra Behn Purchase books by Aphra Behn Search eBay! for Aphra Behn collectibles BROWSE THE POETRY ARCHIVE: A B C D ... Email Poetry-Archive.com

39. Aphra Behn Life Stories, Books, & Links Stories about aphra behn s life and Loveletters between a Nobleman and his Sister, Oroonoko, or, the Royal Slave, Poems, Secret Life, Theatre. http://www.todayinliterature.com/biography/aphra.behn.asp

TABLE OF CONTENTS Aphra Behn - Life Stories, Books, and Links Biographical Information Stories about Aphra Behn Selected works by this author Selected books about / related to this author ... Recommended links BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION Aphra Behn, by Mary Beale.   ( source Aphra Behn (1640 - 1689) Category: English Literature Born: 1640 London, England Died: 1689 London, England Related authors: Anne Bradstreet Ephelia Virginia Woolf Vita Sackville-West ... list all writers Aphra Behn - LIFE STORIES Aphra Behn, All Women On this day in 1640 Aphra Behn was baptized. The details of her birth and much of her "shady and amorous" life are unclear, but her place in literary history is certain: first epistolary novel, first philosophical novel, and a fifteen-play career which made her the first woman to earn her living by writing. "All women together ought to let flowers fall upon the tomb of Aphra Behn," wrote Virginia Woolf, "for it was she who earned them the right to speak their minds." top of page SELECTED WORKS BY THIS AUTHOR Love-letters between a Nobleman and his Sister fiction Oroonoko, or, the Royal Slave

40. Literary Encyclopedia: Aphra Behn The name aphra behn has become synonymous with the renewed interest in early modern women’s writing she is heralded as the first professional English http://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=true&UID=332

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