141. Calculus Lecture Notes calculus Lecture Notes. To view the following notes, you must have Adobe Reader . Mac, DOS, Windows and SUN versions are available for download from Adobe http://www.math.scar.utoronto.ca/calculus/Redbook/

Calculus Lecture Notes To view the following notes, you must have Adobe Reader Mac, DOS, Windows and SUN versions are available for download from Adobe The Acrobat Reader is already available on Wave. Click once on the chapter you would like to view. It may take a while to load. Gold Notes Mathematical Sign Language Induction Polynomials and Rational Functions The Mean Value Theorem for Rational Functions ... Gold Problems Redbook Notes Review Notes Functions Limits and Continuity Techniques of Differentiation ... Differential Equations Old Tests and Exams 1994/95 Term Test I 1994/95 Term Test II 1994/95 Final Exam 1995/96 Term Test I ... 2002/2003 Term Test II Back to the Calculus Main Page

142. FREE Mathematics How-to Library - Math Homework Help – Math Tutor Software Offers help with algebra, geometry, calculus, fractions, money, and trigonometry problems. Includes worked examples and files for download with more information and exercises. http://www.teacherschoice.com.au/mathematics_how-to_library.htm

Teachers' Choice Software home page Stuck on your homework ? No problem! Get help FAST with your mathematics and physics questions. We provide personalized , professional tutoring in high school mathematics and physics. We can help you now ! Select a category from the table below, or scroll this page to view the topic headings. Click the topic names to view the help pages... Algebra Analytical geometry Angles Area and Surface Area ... top Algebra Evaluating expressions Evaluate algebraic expressions How to substitute values for variables in algebraic expressions and how to evaluate the expressions to give a numerical answer. Expanding brackets Expand brackets: (a+b)(c+d) How to expand algebraic expressions with brackets Factorising Factorise expressions like: ab + ac How to factorise expressions by finding common factors Factorise quadratic expressions How to factorise quadratic expressions using several methods. Splitting the middle term of a quadratic How to split the middle term of a quadratic expression so that it can be factorised. Other factorising techniques How to use Algematics to do these operations: difference of squares sum and difference of cubes split middle term of quadratic group and factorise four terms Quadratic Equations Finding roots by factorising How to calculate the roots of a quadratic equation algebraically after the quadratic expression is factorised.

143. Refinement Calculus Refinement calculus Tutorial. The refinement calculus is a formalisation of the stepwise refinement method of program construction. http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~mjb/refcalc-tut/home.html

Refinement Calculus Tutorial The refinement calculus is a formalisation of the stepwise refinement method of program construction. The required behaviour of the program is specified as an abstract, possibly non-executable, program which is then refined by a series of correctness-preserving transformations into an efficient, executable program. We give an introduction to the application of the refinement calculus by using it to derive a few example programs. You may need to take a quick look at the Logical Notation and Mathematical Notation used in this tutorial, before going on to the Specification and Programming Notation Note that the specification notation used here is closer to the style of Back and Morris , rather than that of Morgan , though the differences are minor. In the refinement calculus, specifications are written as abstract programs usually in the form of specification statements. For example, a program that assigns x an arbitrary element from set S , provided S is not empty, may be specified as: We write to say that program is refined by program . This means that is a correct implementation of . Since refinement is transitive, a refinement step can always be broken up into a number of smaller steps, i.e.

144. Mathematical Sciences, Richard Statman Carnegie Mellon University Theory of computation, lambda calculus, combinatory logic. http://www.math.cmu.edu/people/fac/statman.html

Faculty Visiting Faculty Staff Graduate Students ... Home Richard Statman Professor Ph.D., Stanford University Office: Wean Hall 7214 Phone: (412) 268-8475 E-mail: statman@cs.cmu.edu Research My principal research interests lie in the theory of computation with special emphasis on symbolic computation. In particular, my current research involves lambda calculus and combinatory algebra. This area underwent extensive development in the first half of this century, and then lay dormant until Dana Scott's fundamental work in the 1970's. Part of what has emerged from Scott's work is that lambda calculus forms the foundation of functional programming at both the semantic and syntactic levels. As a result, the area has been revived by an influx of theoretical problems directly related to design and implementation issues. Selected Publications The omega rule is sigma-zero-three hard (with Benedetto Intrigilia), LICS'04 On the lambda Y calculus, LICS '02 Church's lambda delta calculus, LPR '00 The word problem for combinators, RTA '00

145. Earliest Uses Of Symbols Of Calculus Gives background for notations that are commonly used like the integral and delta signs. http://members.aol.com/jeff570/calculus.html

146. Lee Lady: Topics In Calculus A set of downloadable lectures. http://www.math.hawaii.edu/~lee/calculus/#Series-Sol

Topics in Calculus Professor Lee Lady University of Hawaii A Conceptual Approach to Applications of Integration The Derivatives of the Sine and Cosine Functions ... Review Problems for Differential Equations In my opinion, calculus is one of the major intellectual achievements of Western civilization - in fact of world civilization. Certainly it has had much more impact in shaping our world today than most of the works commonly included in a Western Civilization course books such as Descartes's Discourse on Method or The Prince by Machiavelli. But at most universities, we have taken this magnificent accomplishment of the human intellect and turned it into a boring course. Sawyer's little book What Is Calculus About? (Another book in the same vein, but more recent, is The Hitchhiker's Guide to Calculus by Michael Spivak.) For many of us mathematicians, calculus is far removed from what we see as interesting and important mathematics. It certainly has no obvious relevance to any of my own research, and if it weren't for the fact that I teach it, I would long ago have forgotten all the calculus I ever learned. But we should remember that calculus is not a mere ``service course.'' For students, calculus is the gateway to further mathematics. And aside from our obligation as faculty to make all our courses interesting, we should remember that if calculus doesn't seem like an interesting and worthwhile subject to students, then they are unlikely to see mathematics as an attractive subject to pursue further.

147. The Join-calculus Language The joincalculus is an experimental language based on the homonymous process The join calculus language this system contains a compiler and an http://pauillac.inria.fr/join/

[an error occurred while processing this directive] The Join-Calculus The join-calculus is an experimental language based on the homonymous process calculus. It provides a simple support for distributed programming. The join-calculus programming model features concurrent processes running on several machines, static type-checking, global lexical scope, transparent remote communication, agent-based mobility, and some failure-detection. Implementations We have developped two implementations of the Join-Calculus in the Objective-CAML envirronment. The join calculus language : this system contains a compiler and an interpreter written in Objective-CAML. The language is the join-calculus, with basic types, most Objective-CAML libraries as primitives (even graphical ones), and a simple interface to incorporate any other Objective-CAML module. The JoCaml system : This system is based on the standard Objective-CAML distribution, completed with a "join-calculus" library. The language is Objective-CAML syntactically extended with join-calculus definitions and locations. The system can not only run any Objective-Caml program (after recompilation), but integrate all powerful join-calculus constructs (concurrency, synchronization, distribution and mobiles agents). Documentation The tutorial The reference manual Related Papers on the WEB Our model of concurrency: The reflexive chemical abstract machine and the join-calculus , by Cédric Fournet and Georges Gonthier, POPL'96.

148. Marta Sanz-Solé's Home Page Universitat de Barcelona. Random fields; Malliavin calculus; Anticipative calculus; Small perturbations of dynamical sytems; Stochastic partial differential equations. Publications, lecture notes. http://orfeu.mat.ub.es/~sanz/

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149. Technology Based Problems calculus and differential calculus problems are presented. The possible solution or solutions are given. http://www.rose-hulman.edu/Class/CalculusProbs/

Welcome to the Complex, Technology Based Problems in Calculus Home Page What we're all about: We offer complex, technology-based problems in calculus with applications in science and engineering. These problems have a higher level of complexity than traditional text book problems and foster use of a computer algebra system. Each problem set includes discussions of related teaching issues and solutions worked in Mathematica Each problem is provided in the following three formats: .html = Mathematica .ma = Mathematica notebook (ver. 2.2) (ASCII). Download this version after viewing the HTML format. .asc = . Text as ASCII. This contains all the text of statement of problem, comments and solutions. How to search: By category: Choose from categories that best describe the problem type desired. Full text word search: All problems with the string you enter will be listed. Keyword search: All problems come with a list of key words provided by the author(s). All matches will be listed. Alphabetically: If you know the file name for a problem set, you can find it in alphabetical order.

150. UBC Calculus Help Integrals University of British Columbia course notes. Covers integration and series with applications. Illustrated with interactive Java applets. http://www.ugrad.math.ubc.ca/coursedoc/math101/

The UBC Calculus Online Homepage Welcome to UBC Calculus Online. This site is an online supplement to Math 101 being taught within the University of British Columbia Department of Mathematics. Everyone is welcome and feedback is appreciated. Who We Are Course Notes Labs Announcements In-Class Demonstrations Resources Links to some other interesting sites Please send us your comments.

151. Why Calculus? The goal of the course is to show why calculus has served as the principal quantitative language of science for more than three hundred years. http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/calculus.html

Why Calculus? Sir Isaac Newton, 1643-1727 Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz, 1646-1716 Objectives of the Module Topics to be Covered ... Project Topics Back to Helmer Aslaksen's home page. Objectives of the Module The goal of the course is to show why calculus has served as the principal quantitative language of science for more than three hundred years. How did Newton and Leibniz transform a bag of tricks into a powerful tool for both mathematics and science? Why is calculus so useful in geometry, physics, probability and economics? Why are mathematicians so concerned with rigor in calculus? Since calculus is about calculating, what is the relationship between calculus and computers? What is the relationship between calculus and new topics like chaos and nonlinearity? If you want to understand what calculus is really about, then this is the course for you. Topics to be Covered Ancient peoples, driven by natural curiosity and the demands of applications, confronted the problems of finding areas and volumes of various shapes. Their methods of solving these problems may be regarded as precursors to integration . Outstanding in this regard was the work of the Greeks, exemplified by Archimedes' solutions to numerous problems of quadrature, and the works of the Chinese mathematicians Liu Hui and Zu Chongzhi. Concepts resembling differentiation did not arise until much later.

152. Pi-Calculus Links. Picalculus Links. Pi-calculus People. Otmane Ait-Mohamed Roberto Amadio; Gianluigi Bellin; Michele Boreale; Gerard Boudol; Simon Brock Nadia Busi http://www.cwi.nl/~arie/picalc.html

Pi-Calculus Links. Pi-Calculus People Otmane Ait-Mohamed Roberto Amadio Gianluigi Bellin Michele Boreale Gerard Boudol Simon Brock Nadia Busi Christoph Craseman Silvano Dal-Zilio Mads Dam Pierpaolo Degano Arie van Deursen Susan Eisenbach Joost Engelfriet GainLuigi Ferrari Lars-ake Fredlund Simon Gay Tjalling Gelsema Roberto Gorrieri Mathew Hennessy Kohei Honda Radha Jagadeesen Alan Jeffrey Ole Jensen Cliff Jones Carolina Lavatelli Lone Leth Huimin Lin Xinxin Liu Tom Melham Dale Miller Robin Milner Faron Moller Ugo Montanari Uwe Nestmann ... Marco Pistore Sanjiva Prasad Corrado Priami Paola Quaglia Matthias Radestock Nicola de Rocco Brian Ross Davide Sangiorgi Philip Scott Peter Sewell Gert Smolka Gheorghe Stefanescu Bent Thomsen ... David Walker You! If you know an interesting link: Mail me! Institutes and Groups Aarhus University, Department of Computer Science Computer Science Division, University of St Andrews University of Bologna, Dept. of COmputer Science University of Cambridge, Theory of Semantics ... University of Warwick, Dept of Computer Science Tools The JACK Tool Set Mobility Workbench Oz PICT ... VPAM-0.8

153. Project Links | Home Contains modules for probability and statistics, discreet math, linear systems and advanced calculus. Developed by the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. http://links.math.rpi.edu/

Overview Background on the people involved in the project. Assumptions How we intend these modules to be used in the classroom. Hardware and software requirements. For Instructors Information for instructors using our materials. The Project Links Modules by general applied topic by general mathematics topic Hardware and Software Guidelines Recommendations for setting up your computer to maximize your time with Project Links. Developers' Connection Documentation and services for current developers and programmers, and for those with new module ideas. Jobs with Project Links Information for those RPI students with programming skills in Java, HTML, and Director. 2001 ASME Curriculum Innovation Award 2000 NEEDS Premier Award for Excellence in Engineering Education [2/24/03]: The website has been updated. The electromagtic field applets have been fixed, and a preliminary version of the module "compatibility mode" has been deployed.

154. Calculus - Wikibooks The logarithmic spiral a function derived from calculus concepts of the We at the Wikibook of calculus aim to write a quality textbook to http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Calculus

Calculus From Wikibooks Welcome to the Wikibook of Calculus covering the disciplines of Differentiation and of Integration, through Infinite Series. The logarithmic spiral a function derived from calculus concepts of the nautilus's shell demonstrates the universality of mathematics. Mission We at the Wikibook of Calculus aim to write a quality textbook to facilitate mastering the topics of differentiation, integration, infinite series, conics, and parametric and polar equations. Please contribute wherever you feel the need. Contents Introduction Precalculus Functions Limits ... Extensions Further Analysis Systems of Ordinary Differential Equations Formal Theory of Calculus Formal limits Real numbers Sequences References ... Tables of Derivatives Further Reading Elementary Calculus: An Approach Using Infinitesimals a free text First-Year Calculus Notes a GPL'd text Difference Equations to Differential Equations: An Introduction to Calculus another GPL'd text Contributors Development outline Retrieved from " http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Calculus Categories Mathematics Calculus Views Module Discussion Edit this page History Personal tools Create an account or log in Navigation Main Page Community Portal Recent changes Random module ... Donations Search Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages ... Permanent link This page was last modified 03:36, 11 August 2005.

155. Analysis 2.3 Analysis is a tool that can draw 2D and 3D graphs of functions with different characteristics. Implicit f(x,y)=g(x,y)form curves are plot in a xy plane. Free download for all Windows versions http://www.geocities.com/leibowitz.geo/analysis_en.html

Analysis 2.3beta2 by Davide Bucci Download Screenshots Analysis 2.3beta2 is the last version of a computer program to which I have worked for more than five years. Initially conceived as a simple tool for function plotting in high school, by now it has become a really powerful instrument that can be used on first and second year calculus courses at the university. The program sources can be downloaded on the web under the terms of the GNU General Public License v. 2. Analysis is obviously more little and less powerful of a lot of terrible math program that you can find (and pay!), but it requires a fraction of the time necessary to be skilled in and it is really smart, rapid and easy to use: you can run it by a 1.44 MB diskette on old computers! Is that the thing that is more interesting: it is really good for helping you in verifying your exercises without forcing you in using complex functions on terrible computer programs. This document is part of the official documentation and can be printed if you want to have a short resume of the principal possibilities of Analysis. Who used a previous version of the software, will find a lot of news that would probably appreciate; there is also the possibility of choosing the language used by the program between English, French and Italian. Whoever would like to help me and translate Analysis in other languages can find me at

156. PCPOW Home Page (Kent, WA), PCPOW (Prob/Stats and calculus Problems of the Week) calculus Question Stats Question Check our archives for problems from last year. http://www.kent.k12.wa.us/pcpow/

(Kent, WA) PCPOW (Prob/Stats and Calculus Problems of the Week) Newspaper Articles! Question 4 Winner: Paul Ginart (GA) Search This Site The Web for Currently 37 states have participated!! Has your state participated in our contest yet? Click here to see the map of the United States. Maybe you could be the first participant from your state!! The following countries have contributed to PCPOW!! Last updated Saturday, Feb. 12th, 2005

157. Java + Calculus Java + calculus. Some Java applets for experimenting with graphs of functions, and notions like limits, tangents, derivatives, arc length, and area. http://www.math.utah.edu/~carlson/teaching/java/calculus/

Java + Calculus Some Java applets for experimenting with graphs of functions, and notions like limits, tangents, derivatives, arc length, and area. Graph An applet for experimenting with graphs of cubic polynomials. Can easily be modified to graph anything. Source code Length An applet for experimenting with the arc length of graph of a cubic polynomial. Can easily be modified for other curves. Area An applet for experimenting the area under the graph of a cubic polynomial. Can easily be modified for other curves. Home Math Dept Search Links ... old home page Last modified by jac at 13:56 on 12/21/1997.

158. Webmath Offers interactive homework help in prealgebra, algebra, geometry, trigonometry, calculus, statistics, and real world math. From DiscoverySchool.com. http://www.webmath.com/

Teachers: Create online, autograded assignments for your students. Click here. Home Math for everyone General Math K-8 Math ... Other Stuff Welcome to Webmath! Are you stuck on a math problem? We'd like to help you solve it. Here are three options we can offer you: Click on one of the tabs above. You'll find over 100 instant-answer, self-help, math solvers, ready to provide you with instant help on your math problem. Find a problem that's similar to yours by browsing through more than 1,300 completely solved math problems. Ask a math expert about your math problem. Quick jump to math help: Click to select Ask a Math Expert Calculus, Derivatives Calculus, Integration Calculus, Quotient Rule Calculus, Solved Integrals Coins, Counting Combinations, Finding all Complex Numbers, Adding of Complex Numbers, Calculating with Complex Numbers, Multiplying Complex Numbers, Powers of Complex Numbers, Subtracting Conversion, Area Conversion, Lengths Conversion, Mass Conversion, Power Conversion, Speed Conversion, Temperatures Conversion, Volume Data Analysis, Finding the Average

159. An Introduction To Lambda Calculus And Scheme We can use Lambdacalculus to describe such a function The Scheme programming language is essentially the lambda-calculus outlined above, plus http://www.jetcafe.org/~jim/lambda.html

$Id: lambda.html,v 1.2 2001/02/01 01:43:43 jim Exp jim $ An Introduction to Lambda Calculus and Scheme Jim Larson This talk was given at the JPL Section 312 Programming Lunchtime Seminar. Functions and Lambda Notation A function accepts input and produces an output. Suppose we have a "chocolate-covering" function that produces the following outputs for the corresponding inputs: peanuts -> chocolate-covered peanuts rasins -> chocolate-covered rasins ants -> chocolate-covered ants We can use Lambda-calculus to describe such a function: Lx.chocolate-covered x This is called a lambda-expression. (Here the "L" is supposed to be a lowercase Greek "lambda" character). If we want to apply the function to an argument, we use the following syntax: (Lx.chocolate-covered x)peanuts -> chocolate-covered peanuts Functions can also be the result of applying a lambda-expression, as with this "covering function maker": Ly.Lx.y-covered x We can use this to create a caramel-covering function: (Ly.Lx.y-covered x)caramel -> Lx.caramel-covered x Functions can also be the inputs to other functions, as with this "apply-to-ants" function:

160. Charles Stewart Technische Universit¤t Berlin, Theory and Formal Specifications group Proof theoretic semantics, lambda calculus, linear logic, theoretical computer science, philosophy of language. http://www.linearity.org/cas/

Charles Alexander Stewart Personal Information I am a postdoctoral researcher in theoretical computer science associated with the International Centre for Computational Logic at Technische Universitaet Dresden. In the past, I have been associated with the Theory and Formal Specifications group of Technische Universitaet Berlin, the Linear Naming and Computation section of the Church Project at Boston University, the Department of Computer Science at Brandeis University, and the Foundations of Computation section of the Programming Research Group at Oxford University. Research Interests My research interests include: Structural proof theory: Deep inference and the Calculus of structures; Natural deduction, sequent calculus, and applications to programming language design and implementation; Modal logic and display logic; Programming language theory: Optimal reductions in the lambda calculus; Linear naming and graph reduction, interaction nets; Continuations in theory and practice; Relationships between functional and logic programming; Graph transformation: Graph transformation and the design of distributed algorithms;

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