61. Index Stories, Listed By Author, Part 19 TURNBULL, FG Turner, ALICE K. Turner, Frederick Jackson (18611932); Turner,JOHN LEIGH Turner, ROBERT (Harry) (1915-1980); Turner, WJ Turner, http://users.ev1.net/~homeville/anth/q19.htm

Miscellaneous Anthologies Index: Stories, Listed by Author, Part 19 Previous Table-of-Contents TUCKER, (Arthur) WILSON (1914- ); see pseudonym Bob Tucker TULCHINSKY, KAREN X. TULLY, JIM TULLY, NOLA ... TWAIN, MARK ; pseudonym of Samuel Langhorne Clemens TWAIN, MARL TWICHELL, CHASE TWO-RIVERS, E. DONALD ... TYLER, ALISON ; pseudonym of Elise Title TYLER, ANNE ; [i.e., Anne Tyler Mondarressi] (1941- ) TYLER, CHARLES W(aller) TYLER, DEBORAH TYLER, PARKER TYMN, MARSHALL B(enton) ... VAN HELLER, MARCUS ; pseudonym of Zack Hughes van HERK, ARITHA VAN HISE, JAMES (V.) VAN ITALLIE, JEAN-CLAUDE ... VATSEK, JOAN ; [Mrs. Robert Arthur] (1916-1996) VAUGHAN, BILL VAUGHAN, HENRY VAUGHN, EVELYN ; pseudonym of Yvonne A. Jocks VAUGHN, STEPHANIE VEGA, ED VEINBERG, JON ... VELASCO, I. K. ; pseudonym VENABLE, BILL VENABLE, EDWARD C(arrington) VENABLES, WILLIAM VENNEWITZ, LEILA ... VESTAL, STANLEY ; pseudonym of Walter Stanley Campbell VICK, SHELBY VICKERS, LU VICKERY, BOB ... VIDAL, GORE ; [i.e., Eugene Luther Vidal, Jr.] (1925- ) VIGIL-PINON, EVANGELINA VIIDIKAS, VICKI VILLALON, JOEL VILLANUEVA, MARIANNE ... VINCENT, HARL ; pseudonym of Harold Vincent Schoepflin VINCENT, STEPHEN

62. Food For Thought: Biographies Turner, Francis (English prelate), 1638?1700. Turner, Frederick Jackson (Americanhistorian), 1861-1932. Turner, Herbert Hall (English astronomer) http://www.junkfoodforthought.com/bio/bio_T.htm

Taaffe, Eduard von (Austrian politician) Taban lo Liyong (Ugandan writer, critic, editor, educator) b.1938 Tabari, Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Jarir at- (Arab historian) c.839-923 Tabataba'i, Sayyid Zia od-Din (Iranian politician) c.1888-1969 Tabinshwehti (King of Burma 1531-1550) Tabourot, Jehan (pseud. Thoinot Arbeau) (French scholar) Tacchini, Pietro (Italian astronomer) Tache, Sir Etienne Pascal (Canadian politician) Tachtsis, Kostas (Greek writer, translator) Tacitus, Cornelius (Roman orator, politician, historian) c.56-c.120 Tacitus, Marcus Claudius (Roman emperor 275-276) c.200-276 Taewon-gun (aka Yi Ha-ung) (Korean ruler) Taft, Alphonso (American jurist, politician) Taft, Charles Phelps (American lawyer, publisher; son of Al.) Taft, Horace Dutton (American educator; son of Alphonso) Taft, Lorado Zadoc (American sculptor) Taft, Robert Alphonso (American politician; son of W.H. Taft) Taft, William Howard (27th U.S. president, 1909-1913) Tagger, Theodor (pseudonym Ferdinand Bruckner) (Austrian poet) Tagliacozzi, Gaspare (Italian surgeon) Taglioni, Filippo (Italian ballet master, choreographer)

63. Spanish-American War Frederick Jackson Turner (18611932) wrote The Significance of the Frontier inAmerican History (1893), in which he argues that interaction with the http://pirate.shu.edu/~floratod/spanish-american_war.htm

Expansionism In 1898, America entered into its first international conflictthe Spanish-American War. A series of wars and police actions followed in the 20th century, from World War I to the Gulf War. Why did American leaders believe that the US had a right and a duty to police the world? This lecture examines trends of expansionism and imperialism in the period after the Civil War, trends which still influence US foreign policy today. The following three general propositions form the foundation of our future discussions about war and foreign policy: War is the extension of a nation's diplomacy by other than peaceful means. For whatever reasons a nation enters a war, that war itself changes the relationship of its citizens with each other and with the national government. The rhetoric that justifies or opposes a war reveals a great deal about the way a nation thinks about itself. Historians have opposing interpretations about America's involvement in world affairs in the years after the Civil War: Before 1898, America was isolationist

64. Native American Legal Materials Microfiche Collection -- Brief Bibs, Titles 1001 Turner, Frederick Jackson, 18611932. Rise of the new West, 1819-1829 microform /by Frederick Jackson Turner. New York Harper Brothers, 1906. http://washburnlaw.edu/library/collections/nalm/bib_1001-1249.php

Skip Navigation Site Map Search Future Students Current Students Curriculum Faculty ... Introduction Brief Bibs Title 1-B Ca-Com Cons D-H ... Tr-Z OCLC# Part Title # Subject A-B Ca-Cher Chey-Chiv Cho-Ci ... Indians C Indians of North America A-C D-F Ge-Go Gr-L ... Credits Native American Legal Materials Microfiche Collection Brief Bib Records, Titles 1001-1249 Title 1001 Abel, Annie Heloise, 1873- The American Indian as participant in the Civil War [microform] / by Annie Heloise Abel. Cleveland : Arthur H. Clark Co., 1919. 403 p. : ill., map ; 24 cm. OCLC # = 29302189. View full record Title 1003 Abel, Annie Heloise, 1873- The American Indian as slaveholder and secessionist [microform] : an omitted chapter in the diplomatic history of the Southern Confederacy / by Annie Heloise Abel. Cleveland : Arthur H. Clark Co., 1915. 394 p. : ill. ; 25 cm. OCLC # = 29302082. View full record Title 1005 Abel, Annie Heloise, 1873- The American Indian under reconstruction [microform] / by Annie Heloise Abel. Cleveland : Arthur H. Clark Co., 1925. 419 p. : ill. ; 25 cm.

65. ACCESS PENNSYLVANIA Database /All Locations 121, T., FJ (Frederick Jackson Turner), 18611932 See Turner, Frederick Jackson,1861-1932. 122, TFP See Sociedade Brasileira de Defesa da Tradição, http://205.247.101.11:90/kids/1900,2127/search/dt/dt/121,7000,32000,E/2browse

66. Great Books: Author-Title Index: Authors S To T Turner, Frederick Jackson, American, 18611932. The Frontier in American History.Recommended by ML Nonfiction. Tutuola, Amos, Nigerian writing in English, http://www.interleaves.org/~rteeter/grtalphas.html

Great Books: Author-Title Index: Authors S to T This page tells you which authors and titles are included on which great books lists. For more information, see my Great Books page A-B C-D E-G ... U-Z Saadi of Shiraz, Sheikh, See Sadi Saba, Umberto, Italian, 1883-1957. Stories and Recollections . Recommended by: Bloom Poems . Recommended by: Bloom Sachs, Nelly, German-Swedish writing in German, 1891-1970. Nobel Laureate Works. Various Authors, Indians writing in Gurumukhi, 15th C. Sacred Writings of the Sikhs . Recommended by: Ward Saddharma-Pundarika Sutra, See Lotus Sutra Sa'di, Musharrif ad-Din bin Muslih, Persian, ca. 1208-ca. 1292. Bostan . Recommended by: Meaningful Gulistan . Recommended by: Ward Saga of Burnt Njal, See Njal's Saga Sagan, Carl, American, 1934-1996. Intelligent Life in the Universe . Recommended by: Boston PL Said, Edward, Palestinian writing in English, 1935-2003. Culture and Imperialism . Recommended by: Utne Saikaku Ihara, Japanese, 1642-1693. Novels (Selection, such as Life of an Amorous Woman and Other Writings ). Recommended by:

67. Project Gutenberg: INDEX OF AUTHORS Turner, Ethel Sybil, 18701958 Turner, Frederick Jackson, 1861-1932 Twain, Mark,1835-1910 Twain, Mark, 1835-1910 AKA Clemens, Samuel Langhorne, 1835-1910 http://worldebooklibrary.com/ProjectGuternberg.htm

World eBook Library Consortia Collection About Project Gutenberg Project Gutenberg is the Internet's oldest producer of FREE electronic books containing over 10,000 (eBooks or eTexts). What books will I find in Project Gutenberg? Project Gutenberg is the brainchild of Michael Hart , who in 1971 decided that it would be a really good idea if lots of famous and important texts were freely available to everyone in the world. Since then, he has been joined by hundreds of volunteers who share his vision. Now, more than thirty years later, Project Gutenberg has the following figures (as of November 8th 2002): 203 New eBooks released during October 2002, 1975 New eBooks produced in 2002 (they were 1240 in 2001) for a total of 6267 Total Project Gutenberg eBooks. 119 eBooks have been posted so far by Project Gutenberg of Australia Click here for the full PG story and here for the latest

68. Selections Turner, Frederick Jackson, 18611932, Frontier in American History, The, 1920,History, Search, X, X. Veblen, Thorsten, 1857-1929, Theory of the Leisure http://www.ditext.com/archive/savants.html

Scholars Select Most Influential Books [Under Construction] The following table lists the selections by the following: "Savants Select Most Influential Volumes," English Journal 25 (1936). [25 selections each by Edward Weeks, editor of the Atlantic Monthly Press ; Charles A. Beard, historian; John Dewey, philosopher] Malcolm Cowley and Bernard Smith, Books That Changed Our Minds (1939). [12 selections] Horace Shipp, Books That Moved the World (1945). [10 selections] Robert B. Downs, Books That Changed the World (1956) [16 selections] Note: Some of these lists were compiled with restrictions. Dewey, Weeks, and Beard were asked to "select the twenty-five most influential books published in the last fifty years." This means between 1874 and 1936. Downs, on the other hand, writes, "For practical reasons, it was arbitrarily decided to restrict the discussion to books in science and the social sciences, omitting such vastly important fields as religion, philosophy, and literature." Author Dates for Author Title Date of pub.

69. American Literature Turner, Frederick Jackson, 18611932, Frontier in American History, The, 1920,History, Search, 4, U. Twain, Mark (Samuel L. Clemens), 1835-1910 http://www.ditext.com/archive/ua.html

American Literature - Alphabetized by Authors Author Dates for Author Title Date of pub. Type of Work Search in Google S AC KL W G U P Adams, Henry Education of Henry Adams, The Novelized biography Search U Adams, Henry Mont-Saint-Michel and Chartres An extended essay delving into architecture, history, and theology Search U Agee, James Death in the Family, A Novel Search U Agee, James Let Us Now Praise Famous Men A written and photographic documentary on the Southern cotton tenant farmers Search U Albee, Edward Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? Drama Search U Alcott, Louisa May Little Women Novel Search W U Algren, Nelson Never Come Morning Novel Search U Anderson, Sherwood Winesburg, Ohio Novel Search U Auchincloss, Louis Rector of Justin, The Novel Search U Baldwin, James Go Tell It on the Mountain Novel Search A U Barth, John Sot-Weed Factor, The Novel Search U Bellow, Saul Adventures of Augie March, The Novel Search U Bellow, Saul Henderson the Rain King Novel Search U Bierce, Ambrose Tales of Soldiers and Civilians Short stories Search U Bradstreet, Anne Poetry of Anne Bradstreet, The

70. New Book List Winter 2004 T54 1914, Reuben Gold Thwaites a memorial address, Turner, Frederick Jackson,18611932. E179 .T54 1906, State and local historical societies, Thwaites, http://www.ripon.edu/library/information/newbkwinter2004sc.htm

71. New Book List September 2004 W8 T9 1977, The character and influence of the Indian trade in Wisconsin, Turner,Frederick Jackson, 18611932. E83.84 .B9 1966, The Jesuits and the Indian http://www.ripon.edu/library/information/newbksept2004.htm

New Book List September 2004 HUMANITIES REFERENCE SCIENCE SOCIAL SCIENCES ... WESTERN AMERICANA HUMANITIES TITLE AUTHOR Concordia Hill, Stephen R. Introducing Foucault Horrocks, Chris. Introduction to philosophy Rosmini, Antonio, 1797-1855. The face in the mirror Keenan, Julian Paul. BL65.I55 F345 2003 (On Reserve) Faith-based diplomacy BL65.I55 S33 2003 (On Reserve) The sacred and the sovereign God's rule Violence in God's name McTernan, Oliver J. Norse mythology Cotterell, Arthur. Hinduism and modernity Smith, David (David James), 1944- America's religions Williams, Peter W. BS2832.E4 L675 2003 (On Reserve) Lost scriptures Beyond belief Pagels, Elaine H., 1943- The way forward? Lutherans today Symptoms of culture Garber, Marjorie B. No innocent deposits Cox, Richard J. War, women, and Druids Freeman, Philip, 1961- The origins of World War I Forgotten crimes Evans, Suzanne E.

72. Reading Rat 1851-1875 Frederick Jackson Turner (18611932); Criticism Downs The Significance of theFrontier in American History (1893) His idea, that Americans were http://terrenceberres.com/read1851.html

Home Reading What to read, 1851-1875 Annotations: to (rating) - (criticism) - (references) - (etexts) - (study guides) - (comment) Later Mid-19th Century Kate CHOPIN PBS The Awakening I. L. PERETZ Golem Selected Stories CLARIN (Leopoldo Alas, 1852-1901) CE La Regenta Vincent VAN GOGH Ward Complete Letters H. A. LORENTZ (Hendrik A. Lorentz, 1853-1928) Holton and Sopka Nobel The Theory of Electrons and Its Application to the Phenomena of Light and Radiant Heat Jean-Nicolas-Arthur RIMBAUD Ormsby Rexroth '68 Rexroth '57 Complete Works Oeuvres Oscar WILDE McCracken Dalrymple Mendelsohn Auchincloss ... Online Books The Importance of Being Earnest Wilde's wicked expose of the artificiality of conventional morality and his one unequivocally great work. Daniel Mendelsohn Lady Windermere's Fan The Picture of Dorian Gray The Artist as Critic Letters Jules-Henri POINCARE The New Methods of Celestial Mechanics (3 vols., 1892, 1893, 1899) Les Methodes nouvelles de la mecanique celeste Science and Hypothesis The Foundations of Science Science and Method The Value of Science Sir James George FRAZER Downs The Golden Bough The New Golden Bough Harold FREDRIC The Damnation of Theron Ware Frederick Winslow TAYLOR Downs Principles of Scientific Management Woodrow WILSON Kagan Pestritto Freund Gamble ... Center The New Freedom Sigmund FREUD Nicholi Spector Grossman Oakes ... Vitz Selected Papers on Hysteria Adler, et al.

73. ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY Frederick Jackson Turner (18611932) is famous for having invented the field ofAmerican history as we know it. He was a professor at the University of http://www-personal.ksu.edu/~jsherow/mcevoy2.htm

ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY Arthur F. McEvoy University of Wisconsin, Madison School of Law NEH Institute: People, Prairies, and Plains Kansas State University August 3, 1995 I. PRECURSORS A. MARSH B. TURNER C. LEOPOLD II. INTELLECTUAL HISTORY A. WILDERNESS WARS B. ENVIRONMENTALIST ACADEMICS C. WHITE III. HISTORY OF SCIENCE A. POLITICAL SCIENTISTS B. KUHN C. HISTORIANS OF SCIENCE D. A NOTE ON GENDER IV. ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY A. A NORMAL SCIENCE B. POSTMODERN INFLUENCES C. CHAOS THEORY D. DISCIPLINARY BOUNDARIES DISSOLVE INTRODUCTION I'm going to conclude the workshop with a discussion of the development of environmental history as a field since the 1960s. I understand that you have Richard White's 1985 article from Pacific Historical Review on your reading list. What's interesting about that piece as a historical artifact is that I'd place its publication just before environmental historians really knew they had a coherent community and discipline. There may be a little bit I can add to it, though maybe not much. The general point I want to make is that the field of environmental history has developed, since its earliest beginnings in the late 1950s, in tandem with the politics of environmental issues. This is probably only natural, because historians don't ask their questions in a vacuum, but find particular subjects interesting at least to some extent because the world outside the academy makes them so. Thus, environmental politics has broadened and has become more complicated since the 1950s, moving out from its early, quite narrowly focussed interest in wilderness preservation to the point now where historians are bringing environmental perspectives and ecological methodologies to such subjects as cities, public health, racial justice, and occupational safety.

74. History Department Gordon C. Bond Library Listing By Author Turner, Frederick Jackson, 18611932. List of references on the history of the West,F591.Z99 T87 1938. Ullmann, Walter, 1910-, History of political thought http://cla.auburn.edu/history/bond/by_author.htm

@import url(../stylesheets/history.css); @import url(http://www.auburn.edu/academic/college_of_liberal_arts/history/stylesheets/history.css); @import url("../stylesheets/history.css"); You are here: Home Related Programs, Resources, and Links History Department Gordon C. Bond Library By Author Author Title Journal Gordon C. Bond Library Listing by Author Author Title Call # Milestones of history; 100 decisive events in the history of mankind Langenscheidt's German-English dictionary. PF 3640 .L23 Webster's seventh new collegiate dictionary PE 1628 .W4 M4 19653 Dictionary of American Biography Encyclopedia Britannica (1937) Aaron, Daniel, 1912- Men of good hope : a story of American progressives E 176 .A2 1961 Abel, Theodore Fred, 1896- Why Hitler came into power; an answer based on the original life stories of 600 of his followers Abraham, Henry Julian, 1921- Freedom and the Court; civil rights and liberties in the United States Memoirs of the Emperor Napoleon DC 198 .A32 A5 Acton, John Emerich Edward Dahlberg, Lord Essays on freedom and power Acton, John Emerich Edward Dalberg Acton, Baron, 1834-1902.

75. Gordon C. Bond Library Listing By Title List of references on the history of the West, Turner, Frederick Jackson, 18611932.F591.Z99 T87 1938. Lives of Talleyrand, Brinton, Crane, 1898-1968. http://cla.auburn.edu/history/bond/by_title.htm

@import url(../stylesheets/history.css); @import url(http://www.auburn.edu/academic/college_of_liberal_arts/history/stylesheets/history.css); @import url("../stylesheets/history.css"); You are here: Home Related Programs, Resources, and Links History Department Gordon C. Bond Library By Title Author Title Journal Gordon C. Bond Library Listing by Title Title Author Call # 1848, a turning point? Kranzberg, Melvin, ed. D 387 .K7 90 Degrees in the Shade Cason, Clarence; ed.: Flynt, J. Wayne Faculty Publications: 11A -11B Adapting to conditions : war and society in the eighteenth century Ultee, Maarten, 1949-, ed. (w/ article by Fabel, Robin) Faculty Publications: 11A -11B Adolf Hitler Toland, John. DD 247 .H5 T56 African-American History Holt, Thomas C. E 175 .N53 1997, #1 After the fact : the art of historical detection, vol 1 of 2 Davidson, James West. E175 .D38 1986, v. I After the fact : the art of historical detection, vol 2 of 2 Davidson, James West. E175 .D38 1986, v. II Age of aristocracy, 1688-1830 Willcox, William Bradford, 1907-

76. Historically Speaking . . . population, and feminism as reflected in the lives and work of five key Americanscholars and writers historian Frederick Jackson Turner (18611932), http://www.indiana.edu/~rcapub/v18n2/p18.html

Historically Speaking . . . "Every generation" says historian Judith Allen , professor of women's studies and history,"rewrites the past in its own image." Allen notes that coming to terms with the history of feminism has proved no easy matter, particularly when past advocates for women's rights seem to have so little in common with contemporary feminist sensitivities and agendas. In her recent book Rose Scott: Vision and Revision in Feminism , Allenwho previously held Australia's first Chair of Women's Studies at Griffith University, Brisbane and now serves as Director of the Women's Studies Program at Indiana University Bloomingtonexplores how the life and work of a nineteenth-century Australian advocate for women's rights illuminates current debates about periodizing, characterizing, and defining feminism. Despite the credit they deserved for battles well fought, Allen writes that to "third-wave" feminists, early women's rights advocates from the nineteenth and early twentieth centuriesthose who participated in what are commonly referred to as the first and second waves of the women's movementseemed to have more in common with the antifeminist activists of the 1970s than with current feminist agendas. The Women's Liberation Movement of the late 1960s unleashed great interest in the history of women's resistance to male domination. The earliest investigations of foremothers caused serious unease. Since many members of the Women's Liberation Movement began their political lives in the New Left and libertarian student movements of the time, earlier feminists could not fail to disappoint. No wonder women's liberation was needed, some concluded. The forebears had failed badly. They had tackled all the wrong questions. Imagine their thinking that suffrage would change the world. They were prudes and puritans, offensively moralistic on everything. Free abortion on demand, twenty-four-hour child care, free contraception, orgasmic equality, free love, and open relationships seemed to be nowhere on the agenda of these mainly Protestant, bourgeois, teetotal, race-blind dinosaurs.

77. Home Page Optional Reading To read Frederick Jackson Turner s (18611932) The Significanceof the Frontier in American History (1893), click here. http://www.bhsu.edu/artssciences/asfaculty/vking/syllabus.html

Dynamic Online Syllabus for American Literature I (English 241) M/W/F 1:00-1:50 Jonas 303, Fall 2004 Dr. Vincent King Office: Meier Hall 312 Office Phone: 642-6502 Email: vincentking@bhsu.edu Office Hours: M/W/F 3:00-4:00 Th 11:00-11:30 Also by appointment Texts The Norton Anthology of American Literature . 6th edition. Volumes A and B. Writing with Style . Silver Anniversary Edition. John Trimble. Wieland; or, The Transformation: An American Tale . Charles Brockden Brown. The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket . Edgar Allan Poe. Studies in Classic American Literature . D. H. Lawrence. God and the American Writer. Alfred Kazin. Note In addition to the texts above, there are a number of items on reserve in the library. These materials are listed in the daily assignments below. You should make copies of these essays and bring them to class on the appropriate days. You should set aside $20.00 to copy materials that I have put on reserve for you. Recommended A Writer's Resource . Elaine P. Maimon and Janice H. Peritz. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers . Sixth Edition. Joseph Gibaldi. Online Resources Webliography for the Study of American Literature Webster's Online Dictionary Bartleby.com

78. Kids.net.au - Encyclopedia List Of Historians - Arnold J. Toynbee, (18891975), A Study of History Hugh Trevor-Roper, (1914-2003),historian and British peer; Frederick Jackson Turner, (1861-1932), http://www.kids.net.au/encyclopedia-wiki/hi/Historian

Web kids.net.au Thesaurus Dictionary Kids Categories Encyclopedia ... Contents Encyclopedia - List of historians Redirected from Historian Notable historians The names are arranged by order of the period in which they were writing, which is not necessarily the same as the period in which they specialised. Chroniclers and annalists, though they are not historians in the true sense, are also listed here for convenience. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Ancient Historians 2 Medieval Historians/Chroniclers 3 Early Modern Historians (1600-1900) 4 Modern Historians (after 1900) ... 5 Unsorted: Ancient Historians Dio Cassius , Roman historian Lucius Ampelius , Roman historian Herodotus , (485 BC?-c. 420 BC?), around 480-425 B.C. Thucydides , (c. 460-400 BC), around 460-400 B.C. Xenophon , (431 BC-c. 360 BC), an Athenian knight and an associate of Socrates Polybius , (c. 203-120 BC), around 203-120 B.C. C. Julius Caesar , (circa 100 BC-44 BC), 100-44 B.C. Flavius Josephus , (AD 37-AD 100), Jewish historian Sima Qian , (140 BC-135 BC), around late 2nd century BC-86 BC Livy , (c. 59 B.C. - 17 A.D.), historian

79. CHINESE DEMOCRACIES ×÷ÕߣºÔ¬±ùÁ꣨Yuan Bingling£© by the historian named Frederick Jackson Turner (18611932) in Chicago in 1893 . It seems that Turner never bothered to look at what the Jews, http://www.xiguan.net/yuanbingling/010.htm

Chapter 7 CHINESE DEMOCRACY ON THE WEST BORNEO FRONTIER Having looked at the rise and fall of the Chinese mining communities in West Borneo, the time has now come to conclude with what lessons can be learned from their experience, in particular, the way in which these immigrants adapted to their new life in the tropics and how their history was shaped through this adaptation. One could say that the Chinese mining kongsi as a particular institution was developed for and shaped by what must have been, for the immigrants themselves, a kind of ¡°frontier¡± environment, which transformed their traditional social and political structures into something different from their original models. All this brings to mind the other ¡°gold mountain¡± as the Chinese called it, California. The American gold-fields were discovered in 1848, and the gold-rush enticed tens of thousands of immigrants to California, many of whom later settled there and became farmers. In fact, the settlement of pioneer farmers and the arrival of gold-miners overlapped a great deal. It has become an established usage to speak of the westward American expansion in terms of ¡°the great American frontier¡± and the ¡°frontier experience¡±. The notion of a ¡°frontier¡± region was originally coined by the American census bureau which considered a ¡°frontier¡± a region where the population was more than two and less than six inhabitants per square mile. Since the beginning of the seventeenth century, the American ¡°frontier¡± was constantly moving from east to west. When the first colonist arrived, the frontier was the Atlantic coast, but over time that frontier gradually pushed back until, around 1850, it had reached California. The frontier moved steadily westwards through the promise of gold-mines, new pastures, and new cultivable land. Its progression corresponds to the history of the population of North America by settlers who emigrated from Europe.

80. Quotes On History Frederick Jackson Turner, 18611932, US historian. The value of history is,indeed, not scientific but moral by liberalizing the mind, by deepening the http://www.najaco.com/literature/quotes/history.htm

HOME l PUBLISHING l REAL ESTATE l ADVENTURES l AVIATION l PHOTOS l SIMULATORS l JOBS Record Breaking Flight To All 198 Countries Of The World! DETAILS l FLIGHT l JOURNAL l MAPS l PHOTOS l RECORDS l ROUTE l VIDEOS UPDATE PAGE QUOTES ON HISTORY Compiled by the Editors of Najaco Publishing LITERATURE HOMEPAGE Books On Line ARTICLES Quotes ... SELECTED SHORT STORIES "History repeats itself, which is good because most people don't pay attention the first time anyway." Unknown Why did Sir Edmund Hillary climb Mount Everest? "Because it's there," he said. "I don't care how experienced one gets working with historic documents—there is still something that sends a charge right up your spine. ... Our trade is preserving the real historic place, in real time, for this and future generations to see and experience—to get a 'charge,' if you will. That experience and a thousand others like it—different in scale or purpose—are the true value of historic preservation. They transform past into present, and present into future—giving context to ideas and anchorage to experience." Robert G. Stanton, director, National Park Service, upon NPS receiving the Louise duPont Crowninshield Award.

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