41. INSAP3 in culture between 11thcentury Iran where he wrote them and 19th-century Britain Like Padre Piazzi whom this conference honours, Omar Khayyam had a http://www.minaret.org/INSAP3.htm

ASTRONOMICAL REFERENCES IMAD-AD-DEAN AHMAD Minaret of Freedom Institute 4323 Rosedale Avenue Bethesda, MD 20814 USA Delivered to the Third International Conference on the Inspiration of Astronomical Phenomena, Mondell, Sicily, January, 2001 ABSTRACT. Omar Khayyam was both an astronomer and a poet. We examine the astronomical references in different translations of his poetry and in Elihu Vedder's illustrations of the first American edition of Edward Fitzgerald's famous translation as the takeoff points for discussing the controversy as to the meaning of his poetry and the differences in culture between 11th-century Iran where he wrote them and 19th-century Britain and America where Fitzgerald and Vedder respectively were born. Coming from a society in which science and religion are viewed as antagonists, Fitzgerald misconstrued Omar’s poetry as a materialist diatribe against religious belief. Like all great poetry, Omar’s verse is so deep and so rich in meaning that it can be understood on many different levels and in different ways. Thus, many people from atheists to Christian clerics, from materialists to mystics, have professed that Omar is one of them. Speaking as an astronomer, I can say without fear of contradiction, that Omar was definitely "one of us." For that reason it is appropriate for this meeting to take a look at the astronomical allusions in his poetry and compare how their interpretation is affected by cultural context. I here focus on the literary translations of the Iranian-American scholar Ahmad Saidi (1991) and the British poet Edward Fitzgerald and the artistic interpretations of the American artist Elihu Vedder who illustrated the first American edition of the Rubaiyat (Fitzgerald 1884). Given the location of this conference, I should mention that Vedder executed his illustrations during his lengthy stay in Italy in the early 1880’s. My research has also been informed by reviewing a number of literal translations, notably those of Graves and Ali-Shah (1967) and Arberry (1952).

42. MSN Encarta - Mathematics AlKaraji in the 10th and early 11th century completed the algebra of Later scholars, including 12th-century Persian mathematician Omar Khayyam, http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761578291_7/Mathematics.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Upgrade your Encarta Experience Spend less time searching and more time learning. Learn more Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Related Items Math Homework Help Mathematics more... Further Reading Editors' picks for Mathematics Search for books and more related to Mathematics Encarta Search Search Encarta about Mathematics Editors' Picks Great books about your topic, Mathematics ... Click here Advertisement document.write(' Page 7 of 12 Mathematics Encyclopedia Article Multimedia 45 items Article Outline Introduction Mathematics: The Language of Science Branches of Mathematics History of Mathematics A Roman Mathematics The Alexandrian period of Greek civilization ended in 31 bc with Rome’s conquest of Egypt, the last of Alexander’s kingdoms. Roman orator Cicero boasted that the Romans were not dreamers like the Greeks but applied their study of mathematics to the useful. Nothing mathematically significant was accomplished by the Romans. The Roman numeration system was based on Roman numerals, which were cumbersome for calculation. Despite this drawback, the use of Roman numerals continued in some European schools until about 1600 and in bookkeeping for another century. B Indian and Islamic Mathematics After the decline of Greece and Rome, mathematics flourished for hundreds of years in India and the Islamic world. Mathematics in India was largely a tool for astronomy, yet Indian mathematicians discovered a number of important concepts. Their mathematical masterpieces and those of the Greeks were translated into Arabic in centers of Islamic learning, where mathematical discoveries continued during the period known in the West as the Middle Ages. Our present numeration system, for example, is known as the Hindu-Arabic system.

43. Alibris: Omar Khayyam by Omar Khayyam When Edward Fitzgerald translated these 11thcentury Persianpoems in 1859 they became something of a sensation after one admiring reader http://www.alibris.com/search/books/author/Khayyam, Omar

You'll find it at Alibris! Log in here Over 50 million used, new and out-of-print books! CART ACCOUNT WISHLIST HELP ... SEARCH search in Books Music: All CD Vinyl Movies: All DVD VHS by title / ISBN by author / artist by subject / genre my email address unsubscribe here your shopping cart order status wish list ... help browse BOOKS Your search: Books Author: Khayyam, Omar (37 matching titles) Narrow your results by: Signed Fiction Nonfiction Eligible for FREE shipping Narrow results by title Narrow results by author Narrow results by subject Narrow results by keyword Narrow results by publisher or refine further Sometimes it pays off to expand your search to view all available copies of books matching your search terms. Page of 2 sort results by Top-Selling Used Price New Price Title Author Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam more books like this by Khayyam, Omar When Edward Fitzgerald translated these 11th-century Persian poems in 1859 they became something of a sensation after one admiring reader passed them on to his friendsa circle that included Browning, Rosetti, and Tennyson. Omar Khayyam was famous in his own day as a mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher, and although his mathematical studies... see all copies from new only from signed copies first editions SVS Rubaíyat of Omar Khayyam ... more books like this by Omar Khayyam When Edward Fitzgerald translated these 11th-century Persian poems in 1859 they became something of a sensation after one admiring reader passed them on to his friendsa circle that included Browning, Rosetti, and Tennyson. Omar Khayyam was famous in his own day as a mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher, and although his mathematical studies...

44. Alibris: Edward Fitzgerald When Edward Fitzgerald translated these 11thcentury Persian poems in 1859 theybecame by Omar Khayyam, and FitzGerald, Edward, and Pogány, Willy http://www.alibris.com/search/books/author/Fitzgerald, Edward

You'll find it at Alibris! Log in here Over 50 million used, new and out-of-print books! CART ACCOUNT WISHLIST HELP ... SEARCH search in Books Music: All CD Vinyl Movies: All DVD VHS by title / ISBN by author / artist by subject / genre my email address unsubscribe here your shopping cart order status wish list ... help browse BOOKS Your search: Books Author: Fitzgerald, Edward (72 matching titles) Narrow your results by: Signed Fiction Nonfiction Eligible for FREE shipping Narrow results by title Narrow results by author Narrow results by subject Narrow results by keyword Narrow results by publisher or refine further Sometimes it pays off to expand your search to view all available copies of books matching your search terms. Page of 3 sort results by Top-Selling Used Price New Price Title Author Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam more books like this by Fitzgerald, Edward (Translated by) When Edward Fitzgerald translated these 11th-century Persian poems in 1859 they became something of a sensation after one admiring reader passed them on to his friendsa circle that included Browning, Rosetti, and Tennyson. Omar Khayyam was famous in his own day as a mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher, and although his mathematical studies... see all copies from new only from signed copies first editions SVS The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam: First and Fifth Editions ... more books like this by Fitzgerald, Edward, and Omar

45. The Keeper: The Legend Of Omar Khayyam a twelveyear-old boy in the present day who discovers that his ancestor isthe 11th-century mathematician, astronomer and poet of Persia, Omar Khayyam. http://www.levantinecenter.org/pages/thekeeper.html

The Keeper Visit Our Calendar LCC Newsletter Sign Our Mailing List Membership Page ... Home This film opens on June 10 at Laemmle's Music Hall , 9036 Wilshire Blvd., Beverly Hills CA 90211 Levantine Cultural Center held a special preview screening of Kayvan Mashayekh's "The Keeper: The Legend of Omar Khayyam" on May 26, 7:30 pm at the Harmony Gold Theatre. Following the screening, director Kayvan Mashayekh participated in a panel discussion with writer/producer of "Frailty" Tom Huckabee, international vocal star Andy Madadian, and vocalist Shani, moderated by Jordan Elgrably. A reception followed. This moving feature seen through the eyes of its twelve-year-old protagonist raised essential questions about roots, identity, storytelling and the meaning of family ties. Kamran is a twelve-year-old boy in the present day who discovers that his ancestor is the 11th-century mathematician, astronomer and poet of Persia, Omar Khayyam. The story has been passed down in his family from one generation to another, and now it is his responsibility to keep the story alive for future generations. His dying brother, Nader, begins telling him the story as we flash back from the modern day to the epic past where the relationship between Omar Khayyam, Hassan Sabbah (the original creator of the sect of Assassins) and their mutual love for a beautiful woman separate them from their eternal bond of friendship.

46. Policy News Persian Poet Omar Khayyam Inspires New IranianAmerican Film The severalhundred quatrains that make up this enduring 11th century work have been http://www.usa.no/usa/policy/article.html?id=3172

47. The Keeper: The Legend Of Omar Khayyam Review And Other Movie Reviews At FamilyE Kamran is a 12year-old boy in the present day who discovers that his ancestoris the 11th-century mathematician, astronomer and poet of Persia, Omar Khayyam. http://fun.familyeducation.com/movies/50922

Browse by Title A B C D ... Z Browse by Release Date Month January February March April May June July August September October November December Year The Keeper: The Legend of Omar Khayyam Rating: PG (for violence and a scene of sensuality) Genre: Drama, Family, Action/Adventure Release Date: June 10, 2005 Running time: 95 minutes Cast: Moritz Bleibtreu, Adam Echahly, Marie Espinosa, Bruno Lastra, Vanessa Redgrave Director: Kayvan Mashayekh Producer: Sep Riahi, Kayvan Mashayekh Writer: Kayvan Mashayekh, Belle Avery Distributor: Arrival Pictures Web Site: http://www.greatomar.com/ Description: Kamran is a 12-year-old boy in the present day who discovers that his ancestor is the 11th-century mathematician, astronomer and poet of Persia, Omar Khayyam. The story has been passed down in his family from one generation to another, and now it is his responsibility to keep the story alive for future generations. His dying brother, Nader, begins telling him the story as we flash back from the modern day to the epic past where the love that Omar Khayyam and Hassan Sabbah share for a beautiful woman separates them from their eternal bond of friendship. Throughout Nader's telling of the story to Kamran, we periodically return to the present day to reveal the frailty of life and how stories, such as ours easily fade with the passing of each generation. Once Nader dies, Kamran goes on a journey back to Iran (via England) in search of the ending of the story from his grandfather. Movie summaries and listings powered by Cinema-Source What Works Exchange ideas, share solutions, and get advice from parents like you.

48. Omar Khayyám - Art History Online Reference And Guide Categories Persian poets Persian mathematicians 11th century The philosophyof Omar Khayyam was quite different from official Islamic dogmas. http://www.arthistoryclub.com/art_history/Omar_Khayyam

49. Powell's Books - The Ruba'iyat Of Omar Khayyam (Penguin Classics) By Khayyam/ave Writing in the 11th century, Khayyam was one of the most accomplished masters ofthe new and The Ruba iyat of Omar Khayyam (Penguin Classics) Cover http://www.powells.com/biblio?isbn=0140443843

50. The Reader's Place - Discussions For Book Lovers ~the rubaiyat Omar Khayyam - 11th century~ cocoscorner.com. The administratorhas disabled public write access. CoCo. ReSherjangi - Battle of the Poems http://www.thereadersplace.com/index.php?option=com_simpleboard&Itemid=51&func=v

51. The Reader's Place - Discussions For Book Lovers ~the rubaiyat Omar Khayyam - 11th century~ cocoscorner.com. The administratorhas disabled public write access. shreeausten http://www.thereadersplace.com/index.php?option=com_simpleboard&func=view&catid=

52. Excerpts From Paramahansa Yogananda's Spiritual Interpretation Of Omar Khayyam's Excerpts from Paramahansa Yogananda s interpretation of Omar Khayyam s Rubaiyat . Born in the 11th century, Khayyam was a physician, an astronomer and http://www.lifepositive.com/spirit/masters/paramahansa-yogananda/rubaiyat.asp

Register to the site Shopping Bazaar Find Practitioner Wallpapers ... Magazine RUBAIYAT RE-VISITED: A SPIRITUAL INTERPRETATION BACK TO HOME By Paramahansa Yogananda Poetry can be misread to mean the exact opposite of the poet's intentions. This is what Paramahansa Yogananda, founder of Self Realization Fellowship and Yogoda Satsanga Society of India, well-known for his Autobiography of a Yogi , proves in his Wine of the Mystic , a new interpretation of Omar Khayyam's The Rubaiyat Omar Khayyam, the Persian poet whose works were made world famous by the English translations of Edward FitzGerald, has been known as the poet of wine, music and sensuality. However, historical research indicates that Khayyam was much more than a hedonist. In The Nectar of Grace: Omar Khayyam's Life and Works , Swami Govinda Tirtha has given one of the most comprehensive details about Khayyam's life. The book reveals that Khayyam's actual name was Ghiyath ud Din Abu'l Fatah Omar bin Ibrahim al Khayyam. Born in the 11th century, Khayyam was a physician, an astronomer and author of treatises on mathematics and physics. In his later years he pursued spiritual disciplines of the Sufis while he was writing The Rubaiyat Awake! for Morning in the Bowl of Night

53. Time Out Tashkent :: Omar Khayyam Is Still Alive In The Hearts Of People about a 12 year old boy in the present day who discovers that his ancestor isthe 11th century Mathematician, Astronomer, Poet of Persia, Omar Khayyam. http://www.timeout.orexca.com/june2004/3.shtml

Time Out, 2004-2005 Home About us Contacts Archive ... Subscribe Art. Omar Khayyam is still alive in the hearts of people One of them is Kayvan Mashayekh, an American, who is the director of the film about this Persian poet and astronomer "The Keeper: The Legend of Omar Khayyam". And many others who worked their best for this movie to be born. "I chose Omar Khayyam because he personified all the great qualities of an intelligent man who was able to balance the concept of reason and faith. Persian history has many such men, but the combination of a scientific mind and soulful poetry made him an attractive candidate for a movie", said Kayvan Mashayekh about his choice of the main character. Uzbekistan with its richest architectural heritage represente din ancient cities of Samarkand and Bukhara. Honestly, I agree with the director's wise decision. But how can I judge? Well, being a citizen of Uzbekistan and having been all over my Motherland I could evaluate the potential our country had. Moreover, I had to think about some of the places for shooting because was an Interpreter and Personal Assistant of Costume Designer Jane Robinson. I as a member of the film crew had to go through the hardships and joys of the movie as well as other members. It's noticeable that "The Keeper" crew was a truly international crew. There were 120 crew and cast from 10 different countries. Moreover, the movie was partly done with the help of Turkish film studio "Panfilm" and from American side it was Guide Company Films. One will ask, what did Uzbekistan have else to offer to American filmmakers except the beautiful landscapes and architecture? Yes, it was also offering professionals in their field from "Uzbekfilm" doing services on the film. There were also line producers, production managers and another hundred of people working in each department. Our main offices were situated also at "Uzbekfilm".

54. The Rubaiyyat Of Omar Khayyam A review of the celtic music CD The Rubaiyyat of Omar Khayyam. is strangelytotally “simpatico” with the thoughts of this great man of the 11th century. http://www.icogitate.com/~celticfolkmusic/fr-MilagroAcustico.htm

A Review of the Milagro Acustico CD "Rubaiyyat of Omar Khayyam" "Rubaiyyat of Omar Khayyam" by Milagro Acustico (WORLD CLASS label. No product number.) http:// www.milagroacustico.com This review is written by Dai Woosnam, daigress@hotmail.com I have had some rum albums to review in my time, but this one perhaps is the most unusual to date. However my eagerness to receive the CD abated somewhat, when I learned that the verses were being translated into Sicilian dialect! And since my grasp of Sicilian would not be enough to engage even the most passionate conversationalist in Palermo, I wondered if it was for me. I confess to switching off from the words as soon as I saw the English translation in the liner notes. (By the way, most handsomely produced liner notes. Congratulations are due to Bob for a first class job here. But not for his English translation.) Look, I grew up on the Fitzgerald. I feel sorry for the poor benighted souls who will read the following in the notes: Now, compare that to the magisterial command of Fitzgerald. There is just no comparison: Doctor and Saint, and heard great Argument

55. Read About Omar Khayyám At WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Omar Khayyám An The philosophy of Omar Khayyam was quite different from official Islamic dogmas . Arab mathematicians 11th century mathematicians 12th century http://encyclopedia.worldvillage.com/s/b/Omar_Khayyam

Culture Geography History Life ... WorldVillage Omar Khayyám From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (Redirected from Omar Khayyam Tomb of Omar Khayyám, Neishapur, Iran. The man known in English as the poet Omar Khayyám May 18 December 4 , assumed dates) was born in Nishapur (or Naishapur) in Khorasan Persia Iran ), and named Ghiyath al-Din Abu'l-Fath Umar ibn Ibrahim Al-Nisaburi al- Khayyami al-Khayyami means "the tentmaker"). His name in Persian Contents 1 Omar Khayyam the mathematician 2 Omar Khayyam the astronomer 3 Omar Khayyam and Islam 4 Omar Khayyam the writer and poet ... edit Omar Khayyam the mathematician He was famous during his lifetime as a mathematician and astronomer who calculated how to correct the Persian calendar . On March 15 Sultan Jalal al-Din Malekshah Saljuqi (1072-1092) put Omar's corrected calendar into effect, as in Europe Julius Caesar had done in 46 B.C. with the corrections of Sosigenes , and as Pope Gregory XIII would do in February 1552 with Aloysius Lilius ' corrected calendar (although Britain would not switch from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar until 1751, and

56. Iran: Omar Khayyam And The Castles Of The Assassins Iran Omar Khayyam and the castles of the Assassins. 20 March 3 April 2006 The 11th century was a very important time in Iran. http://www.nomadstent.co.uk/RR Tours/Tour 9.htm

var site="s10nomads";var g_frames=true; Iran: Omar Khayyam and the castles of the Assassins 4 - 18 April 2006 An opportunity to journey through northeast and central Iran following the story of three remarkable men: a scientist, a politician and a revolutionary. The 11th century was a very important time in Iran. Under the Turkish dynasty of the Seljucs fabulous buildings were created, the sciences and poetry flourished, and political intrigue may have coined the word 'assassins' Tour leader - Rufus Reade If you would like to be sent full details of this tour - when they become available - and a booking form, do let us know by phone 0131 662 1612, by email , via our contact page , or by post to Rufus Reade Tours, 21 St Leonard's Lane, Edinburgh EH8 9SH Back to Rufus Reade Tours Home You can look at pictures from previous tours in the 'Tours for Travellers' page of the Nomads News Home Bazaar UK Shows Rufus Reade Tours ... Links

57. Anatine Timeline Of The 11th Century 13th century Timeline of the 12th century Timeline of the 11th century Omar Khayyam (?) Lady Godiva (c.1040 1080) El Cid (1040 - 1099) http://www.anatine.co.uk/c11.htm

Anatine Timeline of the 11th Century Anatine Home Reference Desk News Desk Map of Website ... 11th Century Colour Key : Abbreviations: b. born d. died fl. flourished r. ruled/reigned c. circa (approximately) St. Saint BC before Christ AD Anno Domini ('in the year of our Lord' - after the birth of Christ) UK United Kingdom EEC European Economic Community NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation UN United Nations USA/US United States of America USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Prominent People English Monarchs Popes Rulers Events and Eras Cultural Achievements, Inventions and Discoveries Kingdom of Mali (c.1100 - 1670) Charter of Liberties (1100) Henry I (r.1100 - 1135) Pope Paschal II (r.1099 - 1118) Edgar, King of Scotland (r.1097 - 1107) First Crusade (1096 - 1099) Council of Clermont (1095) Donald III, King of Scotland (restored) (r.1094 - 1097) Duncan II, King of Scotland (r.1094)

58. Elibron: Works By Author Omar Khayyam. 11th century The Ruba iyat of Omar Khayyam. Translated by EdwardFitzgerald. With a Commentary by HM Batson and a Biographical http://www.elibron.com/english/other/author_list.phtml?bio=1&author_id=10012665

59. Content Is For OCRegister.com Members Only HE’SA POET, SHE KNOWS IT Darya (Marie Espinosa) and Omar Khayyam (Bruno was Omar Khayyam, a reallife scientist and poet in 11th-century Persia. http://www.ocregister.com/ocr/2005/07/01/sections/entertainment/et_movies/articl

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60. The Mad Cybrarian's Library: Free Online E-texts - Authors O-Oz Omar Khyyam 11th century. The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam (Wiretap) trans by EdwardFitzGerald 16K (Vt.edu) (Gutenberg Text Zip) Gutenberg FTP ADD. http://www.fortunecity.com/victorian/richmond/88/1libo.htm

web hosting domain names photo sharing The Mad Cybrarian's Library Authors: O-Oz O'Brien, Fitz-James: The Diamond Lens (UVa) 1858(61 KB) (HTI) The Wondersmith (UVa) 1859(85 KB) (HTI) O'Flaherty, Liam The Sniper (Classic Short Stories) O'Keefe, James Death Makes a Comeback(Classic Short Stories) O'Neill, Eugene: Beyond the Horizon(Bartleby) O'Reilly, Augustine J.: Alvira: The Heroine of Vesuvius Ogden, Ruth: Tattine Okakura, Kakuzo, 1862-1913 The Book of Tea (Blackmask) zip TXT 116 Kb - ZIP 46 Kb SL: TXT ZIP EN: TXT ZIP Olcott, Frances Jenkins: Good Stories for Great Holidays (UVa) 1914(600 KB) TOC TXT 503 Kb - ZIP 212 Kb SL: TXT ZIP EN: TXT ZIP Oldmixon, John: Reflections on Dr. Swift's Letter to the Earl of Oxford, About the English Tongue.(UVa) 1712. Illustrations. (60 KB) Oliver, Charles ABC's of Science(Gutenberg texts) Omar Khyyam: 11th century The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam (Wiretap) trans by Edward FitzGerald 16K (Vt.edu) TXT 77 Kb - ZIP 36 Kb SL: TXT ZIP EN: TXT ZIP Oppenheim, E. Phillips Optic, Oliver: Poor and proud; or, The fortunes of Katy Redburn, a story for young folks (UVa)

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