1. Gertrude Bonnin (Zitkala-Sa) (Sioux) (1876-1938) Gertrude Bonnin (ZitkalaSa) (Sioux) (1876-1938) http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

2. Hoefel, Roseanne. " Zitkala-Sa A Biography." between the oral cultures of tribal America and the literate culture of contemporary American Indians, Gertrude Bonnin was the third child of http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

3. Zitkala-Sa Or Gertrude Simmons Bonnin ZitkalaSa or Gertrude Simmons Bonnin, bibliography and links to information and all texts available on the web, information http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

4. Native AuthorsGertrude Bonnin, Zitkala Sha Gertrude Bonnin, Zitkala Sha; Native American Author Bios. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

5. Encyclopedia Of North American Indians - - Zitkala Ca (Gertrude Zitkala a (Gertrude Bonnin) (18761938) Yankton Sioux author, musician, and political activist http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

6. Reader's Companion To American History - -BONNIN, GERTRUDE BONNIN, GERTRUDE (18761938), Yankton Sioux writer and pan-Indian activist. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

7. Bonnin, Gertrude Bonnin, Gertrude (18761938), writer and reformer http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

8. Scanned By Michael Van Dyke WHY I AM A PAGAN. By Gertrude Bonnin (ZitkalaSa) From The Atlantic Monthly. December, 1902. Vol. 90, No. 542, pp. 801-803 http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

9. Zitkala-Sa. [Gertrude Simmons Bonnin]., American Indian Stories. Priscilla Juvelis, Inc ZitkalaSa. Gertrude Simmons Bonnin. American Indian Stories. Washington Hayworth Publishing House 1921 http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

10. Gilded Age 3 Biographical Sketch and "Why I am a Pagan", Gertrude Bonnin (ZitkalaSa or Sha) Biographical Sketch (Lauter et al. 857-858) http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

11. Gertrude Simmons Bonnin Gertrude Simmons Bonnin (ZitkalaSa) (1876 – 1938). The daughter of a Sioux motherand a white father, Gertrude Bonnin spent her early childhood on a http://www.blackhawkauto.org/women/bonin.html

Gertrude Simmons Bonnin ( Zitkala-Sa Photogravure, 1901, from 1898 negative National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution Full text from the book Women of Our Time by Frederick S. Voss, available from the Museum Store

12. Gertrude Simmons Bonnin Gertrude Simmons Bonnin (ZitkalaSa) (1876 – 1938). The daughter of a Sioux motherand a white father, Gertrude Simmons Bonin spent her early childhood on http://www.blackhawkauto.org/women/boninbk.html

Gertrude Simmons Bonnin ( Zitkala-Sa The daughter of a Sioux mother and a white father, Gertrude Simmons Bonin spent her early childhood on the Yankton Reservation in what is now South Dakota. At age eight, she left the reservation to embark on an education that included attending a Quaker-run school in Indiana and a normal training school for Indians in Nebraska. In 1895 she embarked on two years of study at Earlham College, where she studied music and distinguished herself as an orator. Throughout her student years, Bonin demonstrated great potential and many talents. But it always nagged at her that these educational opportunities were uprooting her from her Native American culture and calling on her to assimilate into a white society where neither she nor other Native Americans were especially welcome. That thought festered even more when Bonin became a teacher at the Carlisle Indian School in Pennsylvania, where assimilation of the students was a primary goal. In an article about her Carlisle experience for the Atlantic Among her first efforts to deal with this sense of rootlessness was the compilation of some of the Native American lore that she had heard as child, entitled

13. Gertrude Simmons Bonnin - Books, Journals, Articles @ The Questia Online Library We searched for gertrude AND simmons AND bonnin and found 47 total results. Gertrude Simmons Bonnin was an Indian progressive history of Ellen Simmons http://www.questia.com/search/gertrude-simmons-bonnin

Questia The World's Largest Online Library Primary Navigation Skip Home Page Search Page Read Page ... Subscribe Page Secondary Navigation Skip About Questia Subscribe Requirements ... Login Search the Library: Advanced Search Put exact phrases in quotes Search within Results by media type: Books Journals Magazines Newspapers Encyclopedia Research Topics We searched for: gertrude AND simmons AND bonnin we found: results by media type: books: journal articles: magazine articles: newspaper articles: encyclopedia articles: Research Topics on: gertrude simmons bonnin List All Research Topics Zitkala-Sa (Gertrude Bonnin) books on: gertrude simmons bonnin - 34 results More book Results: American Women Civil Rights Activists: Biobibliographies of 68 Leaders, 1825-1992 Book by Gayle J. Hardy ; McFarland, 1993 Subjects: Women Civil Rights WorkersUnited StatesBibliography Women Civil Rights WorkersUnited StatesBiography Women Civil Rights WorkersUnited StatesHistory ...for Native American rights; educator 74 12 Gertrude Simmons Bonnin 1876?-1938 Advocate for Native American rights...Biography 8 January 1947 : 3-5. Bussey Gertrude Carman, and Margaret Tims. Womens International...

14. Famous Native American Women - Gertrude Simmons Bonnin Gertrude Simmons Bonnin (18751938). Zitkala-sa, Red Bird, a Yankton Siouxreformer and In 1928, this group, of which Gertrude Bonnin was an advisor, http://www.nativeamericanrhymes.com/women/bonnin.htm

NATIVE AMERICAN RHYMES HOME ABOUT US FAQ LINKS ... Native American Homes Native American Weapons The Great Chiefs Famous Native American Women Not All Native Americans Look Alike ... Native American Transportation Native American Communications Native American Book Nook The Buffalo Native Americans and the Horse Native American Conflicts and Wars ... Native American Hunting Techniques Native American Tales and Legends Indian Territory Native American Crafts Native American Recipes Native Americans Today Gertrude Simmons Bonnin (1875-1938) Zitkala-sa, "Red Bird,"a Yankton Sioux reformer and writer was one of a number of White-educated Indians who fought to obtain fairer treatment for her people by the federal government. She was born on February 22, 1875, the daughter of John Haysting Simmons and Ellen Tate'Iyohiwin, "Reaches for the Wind." Educated on the reservation until the age of 8, she was sent to White's Institute, a Quaker school in Wabash, Indiana. At the age of 19, against her family's wishes, she enrolled at Earlham College, in Richmond, where she won an oratorical contest, then graduated to become a teacher at the Carlisle Indian School in Pennsylvania. She wanted to become a professional writer but was also interested in music. In following this latter interest, she studied at the Boston Conservatory and went to Paris in 1900 as a chaperone and leader with the Carlisle Band. She became an excellent violinist and enjoyed playing the instrument as a hobby. She also composed an Indian opera based upon the Plains Sun Dance. Harper's published tow of her stories at the turn of the century, and three of her autobiographical essays appeared in the Atlantic Monthly. In 1901, her first book, Old Indian Legends, appeared and received a cordial reception.

15. Famous Native American Women - Gertrude Simmons Bonnin Gertrude Simmons Bonnin (18761938). Gertrude Simmons Bonnin. A member of theYanton Sioux, Gertrude Simmons Bonnin was one of a number of white-educated http://www.nativeamericanrhymes.com/women/bonnin2.htm

NATIVE AMERICAN RHYMES HOME ABOUT US FAQ LINKS ... Native American Homes Native American Weapons The Great Chiefs Famous Native American Women Not All Native Americans Look Alike ... Native American Transportation Native American Communications Native American Book Nook The Buffalo Native Americans and the Horse Native American Conflicts and Wars ... Native American Hunting Techniques Native American Tales and Legends Indian Territory Native American Crafts Native American Recipes Native Americans Today Gertrude Simmons Bonnin (1876-1938) A member of the Yanton Sioux, Gertrude Simmons Bonnin was one of a number of white-educated Native Americans who fought for the fair treatment of her people by the federal government. She was born in 1876 in South Dakota and was educated both on the Sioux reservation and at schools in Indiana and Virginia. An author, reformer, orator, and musician, she was also a teacher at the Carlisle Indian School in Pennsylvania and the composer of an Indian opera based upon the Plains Indians' Sun Dance. Her first book, Old Indian Legends , was published in 1901. Gertrude Simmons Bonnin died in 1938

16. Native Authors--Gertrude Bonnin, Zitkala Sha Biography and achievements of the Sioux author. http://www.kstrom.net/isk/stories/authors/bonnin.html

Gertrude Bonnin Zitkala Sha Yankton Nakota Page Navigation Buttons G ertrude Simmons Bonnin, Zitkala Sha (Red Bird) , Yankton Nakota (Eastern Sioux), 1876-1938. Short story writer, cultural preserver, essayist, orator, editor, musician and composer, political activist. G ertrude Simmons Bonnin faced, and to the extent it was humanly possible, overcame or sidestepped almost all the same problems in a much more severe form of that time that still face educated, intelligent Indian women today. Her life, efforts, and achievements are a fitting role model of intellectual and charismatic political leadership at a time when women (much less Indian women) were supposed to have no brains, and be happy, quiet mothers. S he has been described by one critic (Dexter Fischer) as "...always on the threshhold of two worlds, but never fully entering either." It seems to me more that from a position in the white world that she created in the teeth of a world as hostile to intelligent women leaders as to Indians, she created changes and improvements in the Indian world to which she was born. Though she was a mixed-blood or half-breed, she did not have identity problems as to which world was hers. G ertrude Simmons Bonnin (Zitkala Sha). was born to Ellen

17. Reader's Companion To American History - -BONNIN, GERTRUDE Bonnin, Gertrude. (18761938), Yankton Sioux writer and pan-Indian activist.Bonnin, or Zitkala-Sa, was the author of Old Indian Legends (1901) and American http://college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/rcah/html/ah_011300_bonningertru.htm

Entries Publication Data Advisory Board Contributors ... World Civilizations The Reader's Companion to American History BONNIN, GERTRUDE , Yankton Sioux writer and pan-Indian activist. Bonnin, or Zitkala-Sa, was the author of Old Indian Legends (1901) and American Indian Stories (1921), and a leader in the first twentieth-century political pan-Indian movement, the Society of American Indians (1916-1919). She also founded and served as president of the National Council of American Indians (1926-1938). Zitkala-Sa rose to national prominence in the early decades of the twentieth century as a proponent of cultural pluralism and Indian self-determination in defiance of long-prevailing government acculturation policies. Almost alone among both Indian and white Progressive Era reformers, she rejected the efforts of well-meaning but ethnocentric government and philanthropic assimilationists who sought to "save" the Indian. Throughout her life she demanded American recognition of the continuing viability of Indian societies and an Indian identity. Zitkala-Sa kept the reform pan-Indian movement alive in the decades between the demise of the Society of American Indians in the 1920s and the formation of subsequent organizations. The National Council of American Indians, which she founded in 1926, identified crucial land and resources issues facing Indian peoples while developing techniques to attract public attention. Throughout the 1920s, she worked with the General Federation of Women's Clubs to establish their nationally active Indian Welfare Committee. She participated in an investigation of government abuses endured by Oklahoma Indian peoples and wrote much of the final report published in 1924

18. Heath Anthology Of American LiteratureGertrude Bonnin (Zitkala-Sa; Sioux) - Aut Gertrude Bonnin (ZitkalaSa; Sioux) (1876-1938). In her writings as well as herwork as an Indian rights activist, Gertrude Simmons Bonnin, or Zitkala-Sa http://college.hmco.com/english/lauter/heath/4e/students/author_pages/late_ninet

Site Orientation Heath Orientation Timeline Galleries Access Author Profile Pages by: Fifth Edition Table of Contents Fourth Edition Table of Contents Concise Edition Table of Contents Authors by Name ... Internet Research Guide Textbook Site for: The Heath Anthology of American Literature , Fifth Edition Paul Lauter, General Editor Gertrude Bonnin (Zitkala-Sa; Sioux) Meanwhile, the estrangement from her mother and the old ways of the reservation had grown, as had her indignation over the treatment of American Indians by the state, church, and population at large. Around 1900 she began to express her feelings publicly in writing. In articles in the Atlantic Monthly and other journals she struggled with the issues of cultural dislocation and injustice that brought suffering to her people. But her authorial voice was not merely critical. She was earnestly committed to being a bridge builder between cultures, for example, by writing Old Indian Legends, published in 1901. "I have tried," she says in the introduction to that work, "to transplant the native spirit of these tales—root and all—into the English language, since America in the last few centuries has acquired a second tongue." In the following decades, Zitkala-Sa's writing efforts were increasingly part of, and finally supplanted by, her work as an Indian rights activist. She had accepted a clerkship at the Standing Rock Reservation, where she met and married Raymond T. Bonnin, another Sioux employee of the Indian service. The Bonnins then transferred to a reservation in Utah where they became affiliated with the Society of American Indians. Zitkala-Sa was elected secretary of the Society in 1916, and the Bonnins moved to Washington, D.C., where she worked with the Society and edited the

19. VG: Voices From The Gaps Biography of the Sioux writer and activist. http://voices.cla.umn.edu/newsite/authors/BONNINgertrudesimmons.htm

Voices from the Gaps Women Artists and Writers of Color Voices from the Gaps is now V G Our apologies, but this page has moved. We've fully redesigned Voices from the Gaps and added a lot of new innovative features. Please update your bookmarks so they point to our new homepage: http://voices.cla.umn.edu/vg Once inside, you may browse to your page, or use the new search function at the bottom of every page Trouble seeing the text? Contact U of M Privacy The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer.

20. Bonnin, Gertrude Gertrude Bonnin became a correspondent for the Society of the American Indians,the first reform organization to be administered entirely by Native http://search.eb.com/women/articles/Bonnin_Gertrude.html

Bonnin, Gertrude (1876-1938), writer and reformer Born on February 22, 1876, at the Yankton Sioux Agency in South Dakota, Gertrude Simmons was the daughter of a Dakota mother and a white father. When she was eight, she was sent to Indiana to attend a Quaker missionary school for Native Americans. At the age of 19, against her family's wishes, Simmons enrolled at Earlham College in Richmond, Indiana, and graduated in 1897. For two years she taught at the Carlisle Indian School in Pennsylvania, but she was uncomfortable with the school's harsh discipline and its curriculum, which was devised to teach European ways and history, thus eradicating students' Native American cultural identity. While at Carlisle Simmons published several short stories and autobiographical essays in The Atlantic Monthly and Harper's Monthly under her pen name, Zitkala-Sa (Red Bird). The pieces' themes derive from her personal struggle to retain her cultural heritage amidst pressure to adapt to the dominant white culture. In 1901 she published Old Indian Legends

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