1. Sociobiology Explains major concepts of sociobiology, including Ethology, Evolution, Attraction, Sexual Dimorphism, Imprinting, Kin Selection, Reciprocal Altruism, http://www.ship.edu/~cgboeree/sociobiology.html

SOCIOBIOLOGY C. George Boeree Ever since Darwin came out with his theory of evolution, people - including Darwin himself have been speculating on how our social behaviors (and feelings, attitudes, and so on) might also be affected by evolution. After all, if the way our bodies look and work as biological creatures can be better understood through evolution, why not the things we do with those bodies? The entemologist E. O Wilson was the first to formalize the idea that social behavior could be explained evolutionarily, and he called his theory sociobiology. At first, it gained attention only in biological circles even there it had strong critics. When sociologists and psychologists caught wind of it, the controversy really got started. At that time, sociology was predominantly structural-functionalist, with a smattering of Marxists and feminists. Psychology was still dominated by behaviorist learning theory, with humanism starting to make some headway. Not one of these theories has much room for the idea that we, as human beings, could be so strongly determined by evolutionary biology! Over time, Wilson's sociobiology found more and more supporters among biologists, psychologists, and even anthropologists. Only sociology has remained relatively unaffected.

2. SpringerLink - Publication Tables of contents and article abstracts from this SpringerVerlag journal. Complete article texts are available in PDF format to print subscribers. http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/journals/00265/

Articles Publications Publishers Home Publication Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Publisher: Springer-Verlag GmbH ISSN: 0340-5443 (Paper) 1432-0762 (Online) Subject: Biomedical and Life Sciences Issues in bold contain content you are entitled to view. Online First Volume 58 Number 4 / August 2005 Number 3 / July 2005 Number 2 / June 2005 Number 1 / May 2005 Volume 57 Number 6 / April 2005 Number 5 / March 2005 Number 4 / February 2005 Number 3 / January 2005 ... Number 1 / November 2004 Volume 56 Number 6 / October 2004 Number 5 / September 2004 Number 4 / August 2004 Number 3 / July 2004 ... Number 1 / May 2004 Volume 55 Number 6 / April 2004 Number 5 / March 2004 Number 4 / February 2004 Number 3 / January 2004 ... Request a sample Volume 54 Number 6 / October 2003 Number 5 / September 2003 Number 4 / September 2003 Number 3 / August 2003 ... Number 1 / June 2003 Volume 53 Number 6 / May 2003 Number 5 / April 2003 Number 4 / March 2003 Number 3 / February 2003 ... Number 1 / December 2002 Volume 52 Number 6 / November 2002 Number 5 / October 2002 Number 4 / September 2002 Number 3 / August 2002 ... Number 1 / June 2002 Volume 51 Number 6 / May 2002 Number 5 / April 2002 Number 4 / March 2002 Number 3 / February 2002 ... Number 1 / December 2001 Jump to volumes: Most Recent 50 to 43 42 to 35 34 to 34 First page Previous page Next page Last page Jump to Volumes Most Recent 50 to 43 42 to 35 34 to 34 Linking Options About This Journal Editorial Board Manuscript Submission Quick Search

3. Sociobiology: Evolution, Genes And Morality About sociobiology, which claims to explain the origin and meaning of all human and animal social behavior in terms of genetics and natural selection. http://www.leaderu.com/orgs/probe/docs/sociobio.html

Academics Humanities Social Sciences Sciences Theology ... Faculty Offices Departments Current Issues Publications Conferences/Events Apologetics ... What's New Special Interest Past Features Other Sites Help LU About LU ... Feedback Navigation Site Map Site Index Advanced Search Browsing Help ... LU Home LU Updates Receive LU-Announce Probe Ministries Sociobiology: Evolution, Genes and Morality Raymond Bohlin, Ph.D. In 1981 I wrote an article for Christianity Today , which they titled "Sociobiology: Cloned from the Gene Cult."(1) At the time I was fresh from a graduate program in population genetics and had participated in two graduate seminars on the subject of sociobiology. You might be thinking, "What in the world is sociobiology, and why should I care?" That's a good question. Sociobiology explores the biological basis of all social behavior, including morality. You should care because sociobiologists are claiming that all moral and religious systems, including Christianity, exist simply because they help promote the survival and reproduction of the group. These sociobiologists, otherwise known as evolutionary ethicists , claim to be able to explain the existence of every major world religion or belief system, including Christianity, Judaism, Islam, and even Marxism and secular humanism, in terms of natural selection and evolution. E. O. Wilson, a Harvard biologist and major advocate of sociobiology, claims that scientific materialism (a fully evolutionary world view) will eventually overcome both traditional religion and any other secular ideology. While Wilson does admit that religion in some form will always exist, he suggests that theology as an explanatory discipline will cease to exist.

4. Sociobiology A brief historical perspective from Southern Arkansas University. http://peace.saumag.edu/faculty/Kardas/Courses/GPWeiten/C1Intro/Sociobiology.htm

Sociobiology Updated: Sociobiology, in its most recent form, dates from the 1970s and the work of Edward O. Wilson. However, the roots of sociobiology are older. The first use of the term sociobiology likely dates to the work of Warder C. Allee, Alfred E. Emerson, and their associates in their 1949 book, Principles of Animal Ecology. Sociobiogists study the behavior of social animals, including humans. Sociobiology developed from studies in population biology and genetics. Research in the social insects, especially ants and honey bees, had shown that the old Darwinian maxim of individual selection, of individuals working for their own reproductive success, did not seem to apply to those groups. The worker castes of those species do not reproduce; yet, their behavior in defense of their nests was tenacious and often life-threatening to the defenders. How could such behavior be explained? The answers began to crystallize when Hamilton (1964) developed the concept of inclusive fitness. Inclusive fitness incorporated not only one's own reproductive success, but also the reproductive success of relatives. In the social insects, all of the workers born of the same queen are full sisters, but, they are all even more closely related to their mother, the queen. So, if one transfers the logic of evolution from the individual to genes, then the behavior of social insects begins to make sense. When workers die in defense of their nests, they are more likely to increase the likelihood of their genes' survival, even though they died in the effort.

5. FT January 2001: Against Sociobiology Tom Bethell speculates on what future generations will make of the controversy surrounding human sociobiology. http://www.firstthings.com/ftissues/ft0101/articles/bethell.html

Against Sociobiology Tom Bethell To future generations, the Sociobiology Wars may come as something of a puzzle. The shared beliefs of the disputants were so much more impressive than their disagreements that historians may wonder what the fuss was about. Perhaps the controversy will come to resemble the Wars of the Roses, all of whose contestants believed in the divine right of kings. Their differing opinions as to succession seem rather trivial by comparison. In the case of sociobiology, all the principal actors accept the premise of materialism, sometimes called naturalism. They believe, or at least for the purposes of doing science they believe, that matter in motion is all that exists, and that mind and consciousness are merely special configurations of that matter. Anyone who believes this must, as a matter of logical necessity, also believe in evolution. No digging for fossils, no test tubes or microscopes, no further experiments are needed. For birds, bats, and bees do exist. They came into existence somehow. Your consistent materialist has no choice but to allow that, yes, molecules in motion succeeded, over the eons, in whirling themselves into ever more complex conglomerations, some of them called bats, some birds, some bees. He “knows” that is true, not because he sees it in the genes, or in the lab, or in the fossils, but because it is embedded in his philosophy. Sociobiology extended Darwinian insights about bodies to behavior, and may be thought of as having revived the old controversy about nature and nurture. Its participants were, mostly, Harvard professors, and included some of the best science writers of our day. Its two main antagonists, Edward O. Wilson and Richard C. Lewontin, both born in 1929, occupied offices one floor apart in Harvard’s Museum of Comparative Zoology. For a while, they didn’t speak in the elevator. Oddly enough, Wilson, the naturalist, was on the side of the genes, while Lewontin, the geneticist, was on the side of the environment (to oversimplify). A frequent contributor to the

6. Animal Behavior & Evolutionary Psychology -  Lecture 1, Page 1 Lecture on sociobiological behavior based on experimental animal observation from McMaster University. http://www.science.mcmaster.ca/psychology/psych1a6/1aa3/EvoPsych/lec1-1.htm

Animal behavior combines approaches from two fields: It combines the laboratory experimental approach of comparative psychology with the field observational approach of ethology , a branch of biology. Ethological observational work gives us information about what animals do, in what order, and under what conditions. It tells us little or nothing (directly) about the causes of that behavior. Comparative psychology studies the factors that determine an animal's behavior, but it's focus on laboratory research means that it often does not see animals in their natural habitats. Nikko Tinbergen, one of the 'fathers' of ethology (and, along with Konrad Lorenz, the winner of a Nobel prize for his work in the area) argued that there are really only four basic questions that we can ask about any behavior. (Note that the ontogeny of a behavior is its development over time in the individual.) Tinbergen's four questions may not seem like much, but they actually open a world of questions when applied to the specific behaviors of hundreds (or thousands) of different species. Some of these specific questions are listed in the graphics to the left and below. Back to the top of the page

7. Exorcising Sociobiology By Paul R. Gross Biologist Paul Gross on the relationship between sociobiology and recent scandals in anthropology. http://www.newcriterion.com/archive/19/feb01/pgross.htm

Exorcising sociobiology by Paul R. Gross Click to buy the book. I Thirty years ago the distinction between technical disagreements and moral-political warfare began to dissolve. A whole generation of students and teachers became convinced that everything bad people In the summer of 1975, E. O. Wilson, the distinguished Harvard zoologist, published Sociobiology: The New Synthesis . This was a work of exemplary scientific scholarship, a weaving together of threads from many biological subdisciplines. In some of those Wilson was himself already a leader: population biology, ecology, evolution, animal behavior. He was the authority on an enormous group of social animals: the ants. His purpose was to show that results and methods were already sufficient for a systematic account of animal social behavior and for expanded new research on the hard science of it. Scores of qualified readers quickly gave praise and had no qualms about the closing chapter, in which Wilson extrapolated from his findings to speculate about human social behavior. He was laying out a program for future research, as well as recording achievements. No serious scientist denies that humans are at least animals. This part of

8. Great Ideas In Personality--Evolutionary Psychology This page deals with evolutionary psychology, an evolutionary approach to human nature. http://www.personalityresearch.org/evolutionary.html

Evolutionary Psychology Table of Contents Adaptationist Program Inclusive Fitness Wilson's Ladder Level 1 ... Home Evolutionary psychology is an evolutionary approach to human nature. Attachment Theory is also grounded in certain evolutionary ideas, and Behavior Genetics is a field concerned with that all-important evolutionary mechanism, the gene. Evolutionary Psychology and Sociobiology One author summed up the basic idea of evolutionary psychology this way: "A person is only a gene's way of making another gene" (Konner, 1985, p. 48). Sociobiology (of which evolutionary psychology is a subfield that particularly concerns humans) can be thought of as having, like any research program , a "hard core" of problem solving strategies that provide possible answers to vexing research questions, and a "protective belt" of promising research questions to be addressed by providing actual answers to these questions. The protective belt structures our ignorance by identifying research questions that must be addressed if the research program is to advance. Whereas the actual answers that arise from the protective belt may be wrong, the hard core (by methodological fiat) is never wrongany potential negative evidence is to be blamed on faulty auxiliary assumptions rather than on the theory itself. Sociobiology can be thought of as a special case of the adaptationist program , which assumes that all phenotypic features (or characters) of contemporary organisms result from the fact that these features allowed the organisms' predecessors to produce more offspring in a prehistoric environment (Lewontin, 1979). "Narrow sociobiology" is defined as the study of evolution and of function, and chiefly applies to non-human animals in which cultural transmission is not an important variable intervening between possible and actual explanations (Kitcher, 1988). The hard core of narrow sociobiology includes the following laws or problem solving strategies, the basics of evolutionary theory:

9. Science As Culture - SOCIOBIOLOGY SANITIZED: THE EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY AND GEN Sociopolitical overview of the circumstances leading to the development of Evolutionary Psychology as distinct from sociobiology, by Val Dusek. http://human-nature.com/science-as-culture/dusek.html

Latest Writings and Papers Home Contents Join the Discussion Forum Rationale ... Search SOCIOBIOLOGY SANITIZED: THE EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY AND GENIC SELECTIONISM DEBATES [For more on evolutionary psychology see The Human Nature Daily Review Evolutionary Psychology Online The Open Directory by Val Dusek Amazon US UK I Two decades later the debate concerning the genetic determination of human behavior has been reanimated in the general intellectual and middle-brow media with a somewhat more restrained tone. The study of evolutionary accounts of human behavior is now called "evolutionary psychology" to avoid some of the justifiably bad connotations that were associated with sociobiology. During the last few years the linguist Steve Pinker, ( ) philosopher Daniel Dennett, ( ) New Republic editor and science popularizer Robert Wright,( ) and science writer Matt Ridley ( ) have produced feisty, polemical expositions of evolutionary psychology for a broad audience. Stephen J. Gould has returned to the breach to criticize evolutionary psychology, but several writers considered to be on the left have defended sociobiological approaches and criticized postmodern rejection of biologism. The core theories of evolutionary psychology are the same as those of sociobiology. Several of the commonly made distinctions between evolutionary psychology and sociobiology turn out not to distinguish the two. So what has changed and what is new?

10. Animal And Human Behavior - Paul J. Watson Animal and Human Behavior Research And Teaching Interests Of Dr. Paul J. Watson, Univ. Of New Mexico. Field courses in animal and human behavior and http://biology.unm.edu/biology/pwatson/public_html/pjw_cv.htm

PAUL J. WATSON Research Assistant Professor Behavioral Ecology and Evolutionary Psychology Department of Biology, Castetter Hall University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM 87131-1091, USA Tel. (505) 277-2515; Fax. (505) 277-0304 pwatson@unm.edu UPCOMING COURSES The Evolution of Female Sexuality Evolutionary Problems: Biology 502 Co-taught w/ Dr. Randy Thornhill University of New Mexico – 3 credit hrs. 1:00 to 2:30 p.m. Major Interests Grants Post-doctoral experience Graduate highlights ... Consulting CURRICULUM VITAE Current Positions Research Assistant Professor , February 1991 - present, University of New Mexico Faculty Adjunct , October 1995 - present, University of Montana Education PhD Biology Cornell University Section of Neurobiology and Behavior Ithaca NY Major: Behavioral Biology S.T. Emlen and P.W. Sherman Minor 1 Ecological Genetics T. Eisner Minor 2 Bioorganic Chemistry , J. Meinwald Minor 3 Neurobiology R. Harris-Warrick Doctoral Thesis The Adaptive Functions of Sequential Polyandry in the Spider Linyphia litigiosa Linyphiidae University of Montana Missoula MT.

11. Sociobiology: Human Behavior And Evolution A useful bibliography. http://home1.gte.net/ericjw1/sociobiology.html

The Sociobiology: Human Behavior and Evolution This guide contains bibliographic references and links to internet resources for the application sociobiological principles in anthropology. Adaptation and Human Behavior: An Anthropological Perspective by Lee Cronk, Napoleon Chagnon, William Irons (Editors) 2000 Cycles of Contingency: Developmental Systems and Evolution by Susan Oyama, Paul E. Griffiths, Russell D. Gray (Editors) 2000 The Dangerous Passion: Why Jealousy is as Necessary as Love and Sex by David M. Buss 2000 A Darwinian Left: Politics, Evolution, and Cooperation by Peter Singer 2000 Defenders of the Truth: The Battle for Science in the Sociobiology Debate and Beyond by Ullica Segerstrale 2000 Design for a Life: How Behavior Develops by Patrick Bateson, Paul Martin 2000 Disseminating Darwinism: The Role of Place, Race, Religion, and Gender by Ronald L. Numbers, John Stenhouse (Editors) 2000 The Evolution of Cognition by Cecelia Heyes, Ludwig Huber (Editors) 2000 Evolution and Human Behavior: Darwinian Perspectives on Human Nature by John Cartwright 2000 Evolutionary Origins of Morality: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives by Leonard D. Katz (Editor) 2000

12. THE PYTHAGOREAN PERSPECTIVE: The Arts And Sociobiology A paper exploring the idea that cultural evolution is a manifestation of biological evolution. http://www.percepp.demon.co.uk/pythagor.htm

[R. Allott. 1994. Journal of Social and Evolutionary Systems. THE PYTHAGOREAN PERSPECTIVE The Arts and Sociobiology Robin Allott Introduction Literature, music, mathematics, and art are constituents of culture and each has its separate history. But each can also be seen as a manifestation of a human biological drive, a drive towards exploration, experimentation, and the analysis of human perception. Culture is not something separate from human evolution but a part of a continuing human evolution, indeed the main form which human evolution has taken over the last few thousand years. A familiar idea, but perhaps a wrong one, is that human evolution, as a Darwinian process, has ceased and been replaced by something quite new, a more Lamarckian process involving the inheritance of acquired characteristics, more specifically of the changing forms of human culture. On this, see for example Dawkins (1986), or Huxley(1926). This conclusion that for humans the process of evolution has ended and been replaced by something totally new no doubt is flattering to human beings and allows them to mark themselves off from the rest of animate beings, but it leaves a rather unsatisfactory incoherence in evolutionary theory - how can the non-purposive, inescapable processes of genetic evolution, which in effect value all form and behavior in terms of the relative survival of differing physical genetic patterns (see again Dawkins 1989 ) give rise to a form of development for one species totally disconnected from previous evolutionary history? Does this mean that evolutionary theory is only a partial theory of life?

13. Sociobiology Explains major concepts of sociobiology, including Ethology, Evolution, Attraction, Sexual Dimorphism, Imprinting, Kin Selection, Reciprocal http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

14. Sociobiology sociobiology. Dr. C. George Boeree Shippensburg University Over time, Wilson s sociobiology found more and more supporters among biologists, http://www.ship.edu/~cgboeree/genpsysociobiology.html

Sociobiology Dr. C. George Boeree Shippensburg University Sociobiology Ever since Darwin came out with his theory of evolution, people - including Darwin himself have been speculating on how our social behaviors (and feelings, attitudes, and so on) might also be affected by evolution. After all, if the way our bodies look and work as biological creatures can be better understood through evolution, why not the things we do with those bodies? The entemologist (bug scientist) E. O Wilson was the first to formalize the idea that social behavior could be explained evolutionarily, and he called his theory sociobiology . At first, it gained attention only in biological circles even there it had strong critics. When sociologists and psychologists caught wind of it, the controversy really got started. At that time, sociology was predominantly structural-functionalist, with a smattering of Marxists and feminists. Psychology was still dominated by behaviorist learning theory, with humanism starting to make some headway. Not one of these theories has much room for the idea that we, as human beings, could be so strongly determined by evolutionary biology! Over time, Wilson's sociobiology found more and more supporters among biologists, psychologists, and even anthropologists. Only sociology has remained relatively unaffected.

15. Sociobiology Evolution, Genes And Morality About sociobiology, which claims to explain the origin and meaning of all human and animal social behavior in terms of genetics and natural http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

16. Essay On Sociobiology And The Meaning Of Life Essay presents an overview of the field of Evolutionary Psychology. Features links to related sites. http://www.geocities.com/evo_psych

An Essay on Evolutionary Psychology (Sociobiology) and the Meaning of Life April 16, 1997- Feb 12, 2001 (corrections: September 6, 2001) Web site created: Feb 16, 2001 evo_psych@yahoo.com Essay Sections: Introduction The Mind is the Body Hardware vs. Software: A Crude Analogy On Free Will ... References and Links Introduction Since the publication of Charles Darwin's "The Origin of Species" The Mind is the Body Mental ailments were once distinguished either as psychological or neurological disorders. Media reports of new scientific studies, though, are now routinely rife with a blurring in the distinction between the two. Increasingly, behavioral problems like compulsive gambling, alcoholism, drug addiction, anorexia, violence (and other criminal behavior) are now being linked to physiological "disorders" in the human brain. To be blunt, though, the traditional distinction between the "mind" and body (brain) has always been suspect (possibly even ludicrous). It's simply been the case that the physical mechanisms of the brain have never been understood unlike, say, the heart or kidney. The human brain has been and remains the ultimate "black box" in medicine and engineering. And this is no surprise, since the most complex, modern supercomputer, which can only now be understood barely on a system-level by an individual, remains a "tinker-toy" compared to the human brain let alone, say, the brain of a cockroach. In fact, understanding all aspects of the human brain may simply be beyond human understanding. The remarkable progress seen in technology, particularly in the semiconductor IC industry, is misleading: some people now think "nothing's impossible" anymore. However, despite all of the "miraculous" progress of the 20th century, there are and always will be fundamental limitations. Some things are impossible and will remain so, no matter how much scientific progress we make (e.g., fundamental thermodynamic constraints).

17. Sociobiology Journal of Theoretical Biology, 7, 152. Wilson, E. O. (1975). sociobiology The new synthesis. Cambridge, MA Belknap Press. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

18. Human Behavior Evolution Society An international society encouraging the use of evolutionary theory in expanding our understanding of human behavior. Has resources for teachers http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

19. FT January 2001 Against Sociobiology Tom Bethell speculates on what future generations will make of the controversy surrounding human sociobiology. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

20. Sociobiology - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Within the study of human societies, sociobiology is closely related to the The term sociobiology was coined by Edward O. Wilson in 1975 with the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociobiology

Sociobiology From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Sociobiology is a synthesis of scientific disciplines that attempts to explain behaviour in all species by considering the evolutionary advantages of social behaviours. Sociobiology is often considered a branch of the biology and sociology disciplines, although it uses techniques from a plethora of sciences, including ethology evolution zoology archeology ... population genetics , and many others. Within the study of human societies , sociobiology is closely related to the fields of human ecology and evolutionary psychology The term "sociobiology" was coined by Edward O. Wilson in 1975 with the publication of his landmark book, Sociobiology: The New Synthesis . In the work, Wilson pioneered the attempt to explain the evolutionary mechanics behind social behaviours such as altruism aggression , and nurturance. In doing so, Wilson sparked one of the greatest scientific controversies of the 20th century Sociobiology has remained highly controversial as it contends genes play a role in human behaviour, although sociobiologists describe this role as a very complex and often unpredictable interaction between nature and nurture. The most notable critics of the view that genes play a role in human behaviour have been Franz Boas Richard Lewontin and Stephen Jay Gould Contents Sociobiological theory Controversy Science and sociobiology See also ... edit Sociobiological theory Sociobiologists believe that animal or human behaviour cannot be satisfactorily explained entirely by " cultural " or "

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