21. NSCORT/Exobiology NASA Specialized Center of Research and Training (NSCORT) in exobiology Research Training/Fellowships Education/Outreach Calendar http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

22. The Extrasolar Planets Page Exploration of Mars, Europa, and Titan. Titan as an exobiology Laboratory Europa as a Suitable Habitat for Life The Search for Water and Life on Mars http://www.markelowitz.com/exobiology.htm

Extrasolar Planetary Systems Detection of Earth-like Planets with Large Telescopes Using large space-based telescopes (>10-meter) Astronomers could search for terrestrial planets with atmospheres suitable for life as we know it. Spectroscopy could be used to detect the presence of Ozone, an indicator of oxygen in the atmosphere as well as water bands. Methane produced as a result of biogenic activity could be searched for using the same methods. Using telescopes in Earth orbit planets could be searched for using direct detection methods. Stellar coronagraphs can be used to supress the light from the planet's parent star making detection easier. There is a higher probability of detecting planetary companions around nearby stars in the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. This is due to the fact that the star to planet flux ratio is less in this region of the spectrum than in the visible. To separate a planetary companion from its primary stellar halo, one must use a telescope (or array of telescopes) with an aperture (or baseline) B such that r/D is greater than or equal to the wavelength at which the observation is being carried out divided by the aperture (or baseline) of the telescope (or array of telescopes). Search Methods Used to Detect Extrasolar Planets Examples of Radial Velocity Data First Exoplanet Discovered by the Transit Method Stellar Habitable Zone Habitable Zones About Main Sequence Stars - Mass(Ms) Type Continuously Habitable Zone r(inner) r(outer) width 1.20 F7 1.616 1.668 0.054 1.15 F8 1.420 1.481 0.061 1.10 F9 1.240 1.310 0.069 1.05 G0 1.086 1.150 0.064 1.00 G2 0.958 1.004 0.046 0.95 G5 0.837 0.867 0.030 0.90 G8 0.728 0.743 0.015 0.85 K0 0.628 0.629 0.001 0.835 K1 0.598 0.598 Distance and widths are given in AUs

23. NASA's Origins Program Seeks to answer the fundamental questions about the Universe Are we alone in the Universe? How did we get here? What is the origin of the Universe? http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

24. Institute For Exobiology The Institute for exobiology base for Libertarian UFO Network is dedicated to The Institute for exobiology is involved in fundamental research in http://members.tripod.com/~hrolson/

setAdGroup('67.18.104.18'); var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "tripod.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Search: Lycos Tripod Dukes of Hazzard Share This Page Report Abuse Edit your Site ... Next Institute for Exobiology The Institute for Exobiology [base for Libertarian UFO Network] is dedicated to scientific research and dissemination of information about extraterrestrial life. Our purpose is to allay the confusion and disinformation surrounding exobiology and ufology. H R Olson, MA howard.olson@usa.net Relevant Links Meta Research (Washington, DC) Dr. Tom Van Flandern's excellent website. He has a PhD in Astronomy from Yale and is a former Chief of celestial mechanics of the US Naval Observatory. Federation of American Scientists Excellent online discussions about Mars and Space Policy open to all The McDaniel Report Prof. Stanley McDaniel's excellent website about the Cydonia region of Mars Operation Right to Know (ORTK) ORTK has a no nonsense approach to the end of UFO secrecy The RNA World An interesting summary and critique of the molecular evolution of RNA. Libertarian UFO Network Political (or Anti-Political?) Branch of this Site

25. The UK Astrobiology Forum And Network Aims to facilitate communication between those involved in the science of astrobiology in the United Kingdom. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

26. Exobiology Defined Written by NASA exobiology Program Manager Michael A. Meyer. The goal of NASA sexobiology program is to understand the origin, evolution, and distribution http://exobiology.nasa.gov/ssx/exobiology.html

Go to: NASA Space Science Solar System Exploration Exobiology Branch EXOBIOLOGY A Program of NASA's Solar System Exploration Division Written by NASA Exobiology Program Manager: Michael A. Meyer The goal of NASA's Exobiology program is to understand the origin, evolution, and distribution of life in the universe. Research is focused on tracing the pathways taken by the biogenic elements, leading from the origin of the universe through the major epochs in the evolution of living systems and their precursors. These epochs are 1) The cosmic evolution of the biogenic compounds, 2) prebiotic evolution, 3) the early evolution of life, and 4) the evolution of advanced life. The principal goal of research in the area of the cosmic evolution of the biogenic compounds is to determine the history of the biogenic elements (C, H, N, O, P, S) from their birth in stars to their incorporation into planetary bodies. Six stages in this history have been defined for study: 1) nucleo-synthesis and ejection into the interstellar medium, 2) chemical evolution in the interstellar medium, 3) protostellar collapse, 4) chemical evolution in the solar nebula, 5) growth of planetesimals from dust, and 6) accumulation and thermal processing of planetoids. Potential missions associated with this area include the comet missions, a space station cosmic dust collector and the use of airborne and orbital observatories such as the Kuiper Airborne Observatory and the Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF).

27. Exobiology Strategy Report Prepared by the exobiology Program Office, NASA HQ January 1995 OBSERVATIONS/MEASUREMENTS REQUIRED FOR exobiology Orbital experiments http://www.cmex.arc.nasa.gov/Exo_Strat/exo_strat.html

AN EXOBIOLOGICAL STRATEGY FOR MARS EXPLORATION Prepared by the Exobiology Program Office, NASA HQ January 1995 This strategy was formulated at the request of Dr. Michael A. Meyer, Discipline Scientist for the Exobiology Program, NASA Headquarters. The writing group consisted of: Dr. Michael H. Carr, USGS Dr. Benton Clark, Martin-Marietta Aerospace Dr. David J. DesMarais, NASA Ames Research Center Dr. Donald L. DeVincenzi, NASA Ames Research Center Dr. Jack D. Farmer, NASA Ames Research Center Dr. John M. Hayes, Indiana University Dr. Heinrich Holland, Harvard University Dr. Bruce Jakosky, University of Colorado Dr. Gerald F. Joyce, Scripps Research Institute Dr. Harold P. Klein, Santa Clara University Dr. Andrew H. Knoll, Harvard University Dr. Gene D. McDonald, Cornell University Dr. Christopher P. McKay, NASA Ames Research Center Dr. Michael A. Meyer, NASA HQ Dr. Kenneth H. Nealson, University of Wisconsin Dr. Everett L. Shock, Washington University Dr. David M. Ward, Montana State University In addition, Dr. Carl Sagan, Cornell University, provided helpful advice.

28. Exobiology Strategy Report THE PRESENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE. THE GEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF MARS. Mars is ageologically diverse planet with heavily cratered terrains, huge volcanoes, http://www.cmex.arc.nasa.gov/Exo_Strat/Docs/state.html

THE PRESENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE THE GEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF MARS Mars is a geologically diverse planet with heavily cratered terrains, huge volcanoes, enormous canyons, extensive dune fields, and numerous different kinds of channels seemingly cut by running water. The geologic record preserved at the surface includes examples from the period of heavy bombardment, that ended around 3.8 Gyr ago, up to the present. Like the Earth, the surface has been affected by volcanism, tectonic activity, and the action of wind, water and ice. The geologic and climatological evolution of the two planets has, however, been very different. The abundant evidence for liquid-water erosion on Mars is particularly intriguing since present atmospheric conditions are such that liquid water cannot exist at the surface. Surface temperatures range from 150 K at the winter pole to a daily average of 215 K at the equator. At low latitudes the diurnal temperatures range from about 170 K to 290 K. Under these conditions, and with the present low- pressure atmosphere, liquid water is unstable everywhere, and the planet has a zone compatible with buried permafrost, several hundred meters thick at the equator and kilometers thick at the poles. At low latitudes ( <40o), water ice will sublime into the atmosphere at rates dependent on the permeability of the overlying lithologies. Near-surface materials at low latitudes should, therefore, have lost all their unbound water. At latitudes 40-80o ice is stable at depths greater than about a meter below the surface. At the poles, water ice has been detected at the north pole, where it is exposed when the overlying seasonal CO2 cap sublimes in summer.

29. Exobiology | The Astrobiology Web | Your Online Guide To The Living Universe Astrobiology Web. An online guide to the origin, evolution, and distribution oflife in the Universe as well as all other aspects of space exploration. http://www.astrobiology.com/exobiology.html

Astrobiology Web SpaceRef - Sections Directory Focus On News Calendar Astrobiology All of Space Last Update Contact Us News Tracker News in your Palm Second Astrobiology Science Conference 7-11 April 2002 NASA Ames Research Center First Astrobiology Science Conference 3-5 April 2000 NASA Ames Research Center The Astrobiology Web: Your Online Guide to the Living Universe TM Exobiology Publications and References Exopaleontology Government Resources Organizations and Foundations ... Books we recommend Publications, Newsgroups, and References Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta This is the journal of The Geochemical Society and The Meteoritical Society. This journal publishes research papers in a wide range of subjects in terrestrial geochemistry, meteoritics, and planetary geochemistry. Earth and Planetary Science Letters This journal covers research into all aspects of lunar studies, plate tectonics, ocean floor spreading, and continental drift, as well as basic studies of the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the Earth's crust and mantle, the atmosphere and the hydrosphere. Advances in Space Research This page contains the index of books published in this series which cover all aspects of space research.

30. ScienceDaily -- Browse Topics: Science/Astronomy/Extraterrestrial_Life/Exobiolog Titan as an exobiology Laboratory Explains why this moon of Saturn is an Introduction to exobiology - Explores the field of exobiology from a lay http://www.sciencedaily.com/directory/Science/Astronomy/Extraterrestrial_Life/Ex

@import "/styles/navbar.css"; @import "/styles/tabStyles.css"; Set home page Bookmark site Add search Latest News ... Email to friend Text Size A A A Front Page ... Extraterrestrial Life : Exobiology Subtopics Extrasolar Planets Geochemistry Geochronology Life on Mars ... Panspermia See Also: Health: Medicine: Medical Specialties: Aerospace Medicine Science: Biology: Biophysics Science: Biology: Theoretical Biology Science: Technology: Space: Colonization Search Google: Exobiology News Books Links ... European Experiments Successfully Launched Aboard Foton Spacecraft (June 20, 2005) full story U. Of Colorado Study Shows Early Earth Atmosphere Hydrogen-rich, Favorable To Life (April 25, 2005) full story Frozen Sea Discovered Near Martian Equator From 3D Images Of Mars Express (March 2, 2005) full story Regional Recovery More Rapid Following Late Ordovician Extinction (December 10, 2004) full story Component Of Volcanic Gas May Have Played A Significant Role In The Origins Of Life On Earth (October 12, 2004) full story Meteorites Supplied Earth Life With Phosphorus, Scientists Say (August 25, 2004) full story The Red Planet – Dead Or Alive?

31. Astrobiology: The Living Universe - Exobiology Introduction Introduction to exobiology. Last updated 30/1/01. What is exobiology? exobiology isthe study of organisms that originate from outside of Earth. http://www.ibiblio.org/astrobiology/index.php?page=exobio01

32. Astrobiology: The Living Universe - Exobiology Quiz If you have read the exobiology section and have glanced over the companion guide,you are ready to attempt the exobiology section quiz! http://www.ibiblio.org/astrobiology/index.php?page=quiz01

33. Exobiology exobiology or astrobiology,search for extraterrestrial life within the solarsystem and throughout exobiology (The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition) http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0818031.html

in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Daily Almanac for Sep 17, 2005 Skip Navigation Home Almanacs ... Word of the Day Editor's Favorites Hispanic Heritage Month Hurricane Katrina Daylight Saving Time Ramadan ... Mississippi Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map College Center Scholarship Search College Resources Career Center Job Search Post Your Resume Continuing Ed. more . . . Search: Infoplease Info search tips Search: Biographies Bio search tips google_ad_client = 'pub-1894504138907931'; google_ad_width = 120; google_ad_height = 240; google_ad_format = '120x240_as'; google_ad_type = 'text'; google_ad_channel =''; google_color_border = ['336699','B4D0DC','DFF2FD','B0E0E6']; google_color_bg = ['FFFFFF','ECF8FF','DFF2FD','FFFFFF']; google_color_link = ['0000FF','0000CC','0000CC','000000']; google_color_url = ['008000','008000','008000','336699']; google_color_text = ['000000','6F6F6F','000000','333333']; Encyclopedia exobiology exobiology or astrobiology, search for extraterrestrial life within the solar system and throughout the universe. Philosophical speculation that there might be other worlds similar to ours dates back to the ancient Chinese and Greeks. However, the achievements of space exploration and molecular biology have turned speculation into experimentation.

34. Exobiology, Astrobiology Portal to selected sites about exobiology, bioastronomy, astrochemistry,astrobiology, UFO. http://www.galacticsurf.com/exobioGB.htm

EXOBIOLOGY General sites The origins of life Research Misc. and SETI General sites http://www.nirgal.net/ Mars, a life birth place? Fantastic site of a biologist crazy about astronomy (and specially of Mars). http://www.ensta.fr/~lepelley/exobiologie/exobio... Interesting site about the origins of life on earth, in the solar system and the universe. http://exobiology.nasa.gov/ Enormous web site of NASA about exobiology. The different appraoches, research programs, job opportunities in this field etc... http://www.astrobiology.com/exobiology.html Portal of exobiology: The astrobiology WEB. http://astrobiology.arc.nasa.gov/index.cfm An enormous web site about astrobiology: Exciting and very well done. http://www.angelfire.com/on2/daviddarling/ind... The centre of astrobiology on the web. http://web99.arc.nasa.gov/~astrochm/originlin... Tons of links about the origin of life, exobiology and astrobiology. http://www.seti-inst.edu/ An enormous web site presented as a magazine: The SETI institue. No excuse not to click here !!!! http://www.astrobiology.com/adastra/

35. Exobiology Register for Updates; The Astrobiology Web Hub page for exobiology, the originof life on earth, life on other planets, space life science, etc. http://www.reference.com/Dir/Science/Astronomy/Exobiology/

Dictionary Thesaurus Encyclopedia Web Home Premium: Sign up Login YOUR AD HERE Dictionary ... Encyclopedia - Web Directory Web Directory Top Science Astronomy / Exobiology Cryptozoology SETI - Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence UFOs Life on Mars What's New? Register for Updates The Astrobiology Web Hub page for exobiology, the origin of life on earth, life on other planets, space life science, etc. Astrobiology at NASA Astrobiology is the study of the origin, distribution, and destiny of life in the universe. It uses multiple scientific disciplines and space technologies to address fundamental questions of the origins of life. Net Advance of Physics: Bioastronomy This is an experimental page, somewhat different from the rest of Net Advance, in that it includes research articles as well as review articles, and offline as well as online materials. SETI: a thoughtful look at the theory of alien life Features an extensive investigation of the factors involved in the development/evolution of complex life. Speculates as to the nature of ET civilizations. Thinker's Domain - Stanley Miller The biology section contains information about one of the founders of exobiology, Stanley Miller, and his early experiments with simulating conditions of a prebiotic Earth.

36. Exobiology - Astronomy Directory Websites and resources about Astronomy exobiology. The Astrobiology Web Explores the field of exobiology from a lay perspective including a self-test. http://www.ozskywatch.com/extraterrestrial_life/exobiology/

ozskywatch.com extraterrestrial life exobiology Websites and resources about Astronomy - Exobiology The Astrobiology Web An online guide to the origin, evolution, and distribution of life in the Universe as well as all other aspects of space exploration. http://www.astrobiology.com/ Net Advance of Physics: Bioastronomy An experimental page part of the MIT Net Advance project. Includes research and review articles, and offline as well as online materials. http://www.mit.edu/afs/athena.mit.edu/user/r/e/redingtn/www/netadv/bioast.html Origins of Life in our Solar System A brief overview of creation of the universe and origins of life in our solar system. http://www.telemedical.com/Telemedical/origins.htm NASA's Origins Program This program at JPL seeks to answer the fundamental questions about the Universe: Where do we come from? Are we alone? http://origins.jpl.nasa.gov/ Life on the Edge Science@NASA article on an experiment designed for students of all ages to investigate life in extreme environments and to learn about the possibilities for life elsewhere in the Solar System. http://science.nasa.gov/newhome/headlines/msad13jan99_1.htm

37. The UK Astrobiology Forum And Network: Introduction Introduction to the UK Astrobiology Forum and Network. http://ast.star.rl.ac.uk/exobiology/introduction.html

UK Astrobiology Forum and Network Introduction This website holds information on two bodies involved in astrobiology in the UK. The UK Astrobiology Forum is a committee of the British National Space Centre set up to act as a central body to encourage and promote the science of astorbiology within the UK. The UK Astrobiology Network is an informal nwtwork to promote communication between UK people active in astrobiology who have registered with the Network, together with their astrobiolgy interests. Last Updated: 1999 October 3rd Hosted at RAL Maintained by Alan Penny UK Astrobiology Forum

38. The UK Astrobiology Forum And Network UK Astrobiology Forum and Network. UK Astrobiology Forum and Network.These pages have moved to http//astrobiology.rl.ac.uk/. Move done 2001 May 15th http://ast.star.rl.ac.uk/exobiology/

UK Astrobiology Forum and Network These pages have moved to http://astrobiology.rl.ac.uk/ Move done: 2001 May 15th Hosted at RAL Maintained by Alan Penny

39. Exobiology, Science Fiction, Aliens, Biology Science Fiction, exobiology, aliens. http://www.sff.net/people/mmolvray/aliens.htm

3000 words First published in SFWA Bulletin, Winter 1997 Molvray home page They came from Outer Space: Real Aliens Mia Molvray A So what are some of these biological rules we're so familiar with but otherwise unaware of? The first rule of biology is that life evolves by natural selection. Characteristics that help an organism survive and reproduce get passed on to the next generation. Conversely, any characteristic that increases mortality (either of parents or their offspring) disappears with the individuals it did not help. Except for worlds run by angels or genetic engineers, even aliens will be ruled by natural selection. Though this may seem obvious, the implications are rarely considered. What would be wrong, for instance, in describing an alien species as having three eyesjust to make them a tad more weird? Anatomy Natural selection has much to say about such things as third eyes. Eyes are incredibly useful, but they are also incredibly vulnerable. Imagine getting something wrong with one of your eyes and having no hospital to go to. The eye leads directly to the brain. Any accident, damage, or infection to an eye is likely to cause death. Is any creature in its right mind going to want extra organs like this, just waiting around, serving no particular purpose until they can kill him? Of course not. One eye is good; two eyes are even better because they can provide wide angle vision or depth perception; three eyes are deadly. More is not better.

40. Astrochemistry & Exobiology Learn about the chemistry of the cosmos and the chemistry of extraterrestrial life.These are resources for astrochemistry, including research groups, http://chemistry.about.com/od/astrochemistry/

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Homework Help Chemistry Branches of Chemistry Astrochemistry Homework Help Chemistry Essentials Encyclopedia of Chemistry ... Help zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/7.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the Chemistry newsletter! See Online Courses Search Chemistry Astrochemistry Learn about the chemistry of the cosmos and the chemistry of extraterrestrial life. These are resources for astrochemistry, including research groups, degree programs, lecture notes, conferences, and databases. Exobiology as it relates to chemistry is also included. Alphabetical Recent Up a category Searching for Extraterrestrial Life There's some serious chemistry involved in the search for life on other planets (or gas clouds or asteroids or comets). However, other disciplines come into play as well, such as robotics, aeronautics, biology, geology, and economics. Here's an overview of how we search for ETs. Spiders in Space Columbia's STS-107 carried Australia's first animals into space. Learn about the Columbia spider experiment and the Skylab 3 experiment and visit links to ground-based research and space exploration.

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