81. FIELD SYSTEMATIC BOTANY - PTERIDOPHYTES - HUGH WILSON A detailed introduction to the ferns and fern allies. http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/fsb/fsbfern1.htm

Field Systematic Botany PTERIDOPHYTES (ferns and allies) An Overview Features: 1. spore (open release) 2. gametophyte (free living-mostly exosporic) 3. gamete-producing organs (Antheridia, Archegonia) 4. gametes (sperm free-living, motile) 5. embryo/sporophyte - dominant The term "Pteridophyte" refers to vascular plants with independent gametophytes and motile sperm that are usually classified into 4 divisions that comprise nearly 40 families. They include over 9,000 living species (ca. 365 genera) distributed worldwide, with 893 species (124 genera, 76 hybrids and 176 infraspecific taxa) in North America north of Mexico (Kartesz, 1994). The divisions are also characterized, in part, by the nature of the sporangia: EUSPORANGIATE - a large sporangium developing from several initial cells producing many spores. LEPTOSPORANGIATE Also relevant is the nature of spores produced: HOMOSPOROUS - all spores the same, producing bisexual gametophytes vs. HETEROSPOROUS - two types of spores that produce two types of gametophytes: MEGASPORES (develop to form the egg-producing gametophyte or megagameophyte ) vs.

82. Australian Systematic Botany Society - ASBS - Home Page homepage for Australian systematic botany society, news, conferences and publications. http://www.anbg.gov.au/asbs/

Home Australian Systematic Botany Society About the ASBS ASBS Conferences The ASBS Newsletter ... Links to Other Information and Resources Forthcoming ASBS Meetings Plant Systematics in Australia - Where is it Going? Council is pleased to announce that at very short notice Ailsa Holland from the Queensland Herbarium has agreed to organise a two day conference in Brisbane to replace the conference planned for Perth in September which, due to unforseen circumstances, has had to be cancelled. The conference will be held at the Mt Coot-tha Botanic Gardens Toowong on 2nd and 3rd November and will be part of BRI's 150 th anniversary celebrations. You will appreciate that, given the short notice, details of the conference are still somewhat sketchy but Ailsa and her team are working hard to present an interesting program. The working title for the conference is Plant Systematics in Australia - Where is it Going? In addition to the papers of a purely technical nature, it is hoped to have invited speakers cover topics such as the relevance of herbaria today, tertiary training in plant systematics in Australia and the rapidly expanding role of computers. In this age of molecular studies, the conference is keen to explore the use of additional tools such as cytology and developmental anatomy. Students in particular are encouraged to attend and ASBS will offer its normal financial support to students who deliver a talk or prepare a poster presentation. An expression of interest form is included in this Newsletter. As the program takes shape details will be available on the ASBS web page and we will keep members informed by e-mail when this information is available.

83. Equisetum Arvense image http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/images/equ_arv_hab.jpg

84. UBC Department Of Botany - Home Undergraduate and graduate programs; research partnerships exist with groups studying biodiversity, biotechnology, and genetics. http://www.botany.ubc.ca/

Welcome to the UBC Department of Botany Upcoming Events: The Botany Department at the University of British Columbia is one of the largest and strongest in North America, offering a wide range of research and educational programs. Specializations range from the organismal to the molecular level. For further information use the links above, or contact the Botany Office: Department of Botany University of British Columbia 3529-6270 University Blvd Vancouver, B.C. V6T 1Z4 Phone: 604-822-2133 Fax: 604-822-6089 List of Upcoming Events UBC Herbarium Newsletter, Nov. 2004 UBC Botany Department Newsletter, Nov 2004 Botany Canada Research Chairs ... Biology Composting Program

85. Dr. R. Larry Peterson, Faculty Profile: Research, Department Of Botany, Universi s of current research projects at the Department of botany, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada....... http://www.uoguelph.ca/botany/people/faculty/peterson/research.html

Dr. R. Larry Peterson University Professor Emeritus- lpeterso@uoguelph.ca Welcome Message Contact Us Site Index ... Publications As of May 1, 2005, the Department of Botany will cease to exist. Please refer to the College of Biological Science pages. Research Root Biology and Mycorrhiza Research Group My research involves the interaction between fungi and plants, with an emphasis on mutualistic symbioses (mycorrhizas). I am particularly interested in cellular and subcellular changes that occur in both symbionts as various associations develop. My goal is to understand how fungi are able to attach and enter plant roots and how they change the structure of plant cells. This knowledge will help us to increase the productivity of many crop plants and forestry species that benefit from mycorrhizal fungi for nutrient uptake and protection from pathogens. Some of the research projects currently underway in my Root Biology and Mycorrhiza Research Group are described briefly below. Effect of mycorrhizal fungal hyphae on the cytoskeleton and other cellular constituents of plant cells (Dr. Larry Peterson, and Dr. Yukari Kuga).

86. University Of Tennessee: Department Of Botany The University of Tennessee, Knoxville was founded in 1794 and was designated the state landgrant institution in 1879. The University now has nearly 26000 http://fp.bio.utk.edu/botany/

University Links About the University Academic Programs Administration Libraries Research Support UT The University System A-Z Index WebMail Dept. Directory Select type of search People Search Campus Search System Search Department of Botany Faculty Graduate Students BSUT Handbook ... Botanical Sites Botany – It's About Plants The Department of Botany focuses on the biology of plants, with studies ranging from the molecular and microscopic to the organismal and population levels. Through our teaching program we offer a range of classes from elementary to advanced to introduce students to the world of plants. Graduate students benefit from association with a faculty that is involved in cutting-edge research on a wide range of topics. Special opportunities exist for undergraduates to participate in the research through independent projects arranged with individual faculty members. The Teaching and Research Gardens on the Hill area of campus provide a visual manifestation of our topic, and include materials that are both educational and aesthetically pleasing. The Herbarium is a special facility that provides an information resource on the plants of the state of Tennessee, much of which is available electronically. Come visit our program to appreciate all of the myriad ways that plants benefit and enrich our lives. *The Department of Botany is no longer accepting applications for graduate study. Students wishing to work with current Department of Botany faculty members should consider contacting those faculty members and applying to either the Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Department or the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department.

87. UCMP Glossary: Botany botany. Phylogenetics Geology Biochemistry Cell biology Ecology Life history Zoology botany Paleogeography http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/glossary/gloss8botany.html

UCMP Glossary : Botany Phylogenetics Geology Biochemistry Cell biology ... Zoology Botany Paleogeography adventitious roots A root that grows from somewhere other than the primary root, for example, roots that arise from stems or leaves. alternation of generations Life cycle in which haploid and diploid generations alternate with each other. anemophily Seed plants which are pollinated by wind are said to be anemophilous. angiosperm n. A group of plants that produce seeds enclosed within an ovary, which may mature into a fruit; flowering plants anther The pollen producing tip of a stamen ; part of a flower. More info? antheridium The organ on a gametophyte plant which produces the sperm cells. anthophyte A flowering plant, or any of its closest relatives, such as the Bennettitales, Gnetales, or Pentoxylales. apical meristem Group of cells at the growing tip of a branch or root. It divides cells to create new tissues. archegonium The organ on a gametophyte plant which produces the egg cell, and nurtures the young sporophyte axil The angle formed between a leaf stalk and the stem to which it is attached. In flowering plants, buds develop in the axils of leaves.

88. Fig A detailed account of the tree's uses, origin, botany and cultivation. From 'Fruits of Warm Climates' by Julia Morton. http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/fig.html

Index Search Home Morton Fig Ficus carica Description Origin and Distribution Varieties Climate ... Other Uses While the ancient history of the fig centers around the Mediterranean region, and it is most commonly cultivated in mild-temperate climates, it nevertheless has its place in tropical and subtropical horticulture. Botanically identified as Ficus carica L. (family Moraceae), it is unique in a genus embracing perhaps over 1,000 species, mostly giant "rubber trees", and mostly tropical. It is almost universally known simply as fig, common fig, or edible fig. The name is very similar in French ( figue ), German ( feige ), Italian and Portuguese ( figo ). In Spanish it is higo or brevo . Haitians give it the name, figue France , to distinguish it from the small, dried bananas called "figs". Plate V: FIG, Ficus carica Description Blastophaga grossorum ; the "Smyrna" fig, needing crosspollination by Caprifigs in order to develop normally; and the "San Pedro" fig which is intermediate, its first crop independent like the common fig, its second crop dependent on pollination. The skin of the fig is thin and tender, the fleshy wall is whitish, pale-yellow, or amber, or more or less pink, rose, red or purple; juicy and sweet when ripe, gummy with latex when unripe. Seeds may be large, medium, small or minute and range in number from 30 to 1,600 per fruit. Origin and Distribution The fig is believed to be indigenous to Western Asia and to have been distributed by man throughout the Mediterranean area. It has been cultivated for thousands of years, remnants of figs having been found in excavations of Neolithic sites traced to at least 5,000 B.C. As time went on, the fig-growing territory stretched from Afghanistan to southern Germany and the Canary Islands. Pliny was aware of 29 types. Figs were introduced into England some time between 1525 and 1548. It is not clear when the common fig entered China but by 1550 it was reliably reported to be in Chinese gardens. European types were taken to China, Japan, India, South Africa and Australia.

89. BioOne: List Of Journals Systematic botany more info Archive. ISSN , of pages, of articles, Publisher, Current Volume/Issue. 03636445, 3203, 281, The American Society of http://www.bioone.org/bioone/?request=get-journals-list&issn=0363-6445

90. Sphagnum Photograph of the gametophyte bearing sporophytes. http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/Bryophytes/Bryophyta/Sphagnum_Moss/Clump

91. BioOne: List Of Journals Economic botany more info Archive. ISSN , of pages, of articles, Publisher, Current Volume/Issue. 00130001, 2157, 423, The New York Botanical http://www.bioone.org/bioone/?request=get-journals-list&issn=0013-0001

92. Equisetum Arvense image http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/images/equ_arv_mid_f.jpg

93. Systematic Botany And Mycology Laboratory, ARS, USDA (no Flash Player Version) Systematic botany and Mycology Laboratory Home Page, contains systematic resources, searchable databases and reports on research activities. http://nt.ars-grin.gov/SBMLWeb/homehtml.cfm

Mycologists Help Guard U.S. Borders. Fungus experts are part of a complicated mission - shielding American agriculture from harmful pests. Complete article Gladiolus Rust caused by Uromyces transversalis has recently been intercepted from Mexico. Additional information on this and other invasive fungi With the discovery of Asian soybean rust in the U.S. there is renewed interest in the rusts that occur on legumes. Interactive key for the common species of rust fungi on legumes in or near the U.S. Fungi Online Databases -About the Databases -BPI Specimens -Fungus-Host Distributions -Index of Fungi -Literature -Nomenclature -Saccardo Names -Search All Databases Images -Hypocrea alutacea -Hypocrealean fungi -Images of selected fungi -Phoma -Poinsettia scab -Ravenelia -Rusts other than Ravenelia -Trichoderma Invasive Fungi -Aecidium mori -Hemileia vastatrix -Peronospora radii -Phakopsora pachyrhizi -Plasmopara obducens -Puccinia gladioli -Puccinia glyceriae -Puccinia hemerocallidis -Puccinia horiana -Puccinia veronicae-longifoliae -Uromyces gladioli -Uromyces nyikensis -Uromyces transversalis Keys -Hypomyces -Ravenelia -Rust fungi on Fabaceae -Tilletia -Trichoderma Nomenclature -Ceratocystis paradoxa -Erysiphe polygoni -Kalmusia coniothyrium -Monilinia fructicola -Monilinia fructigena -Monilinia laxa -Phaeosphaeria maydis -Phoma andigena -Phoma crystalliniformis -Phyllachora maydis -Puccinia apii -Septoria lycopersici var. malagutii

94. Cladistics Or Supercilious? Textual review of the development of evolutionary trees in botany. Written by Henry Loconte. http://members.aol.com/__121b_8Az5OGEtpOHzNwRgQIsq Ik2 3ABJGENQfrswci539U=

95. Botany Department Index Page Includes a description of the history of the department, information on graduate and undergraduate programs, a calendar, and links. http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/botany/

Welcome to the home page of the Department of Botany at North Carolina State University. We offer Bachelor of Science, Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy degrees, with classroom and research opportunities in many areas of contemporary plant biology. To learn more about our department, just click on the buttons to the left! Explore career possibilities in Botany. Read about our Botany Department in the News! I maging: Integrating Across Disciplines A symposium in Honor of Nina Stromgren Allen, PhD Clic ... k here to register to attend Follow this link to information on Raleigh and Research Triangle Park. Need more information? Contact botany_help@ncsu.edu. Last updated August 31, 2005 by Christine Brownfield

96. The Virtual Foliage Home Page! This is the page for the University of Wisconsin Madison Department of botany Instructional Resources Page. http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/

97. Agriculture: Plant, Harvesting, Processing, Fertilization, And Diseases. Information on the plants and their botany, the range of the genus, climatic requirements, and cultivation. http://www.coffeeresearch.org/agriculture/main.htm

Introduction Coffee plants belong to the botanical genus Coffea in the family Rubiaceae, which has 500 genera and over 6,000 species. Although there is some disagreement, the number of species belonging to Coffea ranges from 25 to 100. Most commercial green coffee is either the C. arabica or C. canephora species, which is referred to commercially as Arabica and Robusta, respectively. Coffea arabica is an allotetraploid inbreeder (2 n = 44). Forty to fifty cultivars (infraspecific taxa) are known, and are suspected to be derived from two cultivars of C. arabica being var. arabica (including var. typica) and var. bourbon Arabica coffee is grown at altitudes over 2,000 (usually 4,000-6,000) feet above sea level and is typically harvested by hand when the cherries are perfectly ripe. Robusta has continued its share in the market due to its disease resistance and ability to grow below 2,000 feet. Robusta beans are inferior to Arabica beans in flavor, and they are often used in inexpensive instant coffee blends. Robusta coffee has almost twice the caffeine of Arabica coffee. Italians often will use a very small amount of Robusta coffee to increase crema and to tone down the acidity of the Arabica coffees.

98. Botany 301 Home - Fall 2004 botany 301 Fall, 2005 Coordinating Board for the personal use of Texas A M systematic botany students and all with an interest in the Texas flora. http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/tfp/tfphome1.html

Taxonomy of Flowering Plants Botany 301 Fall, 2005 The week of Sept. 12-15 we will be studying reproductive morphology. Please have your course packets from Copy Corner and your dissecting tools. It would also be helpful to have your textbook for its diagrams and glossary. Starting the week of Sept. 19, you will lose points on your key quiz if you come unprepared. Copy Corner does have the packets, and if they don't have any run off, you can ask them to run one for you right then. The results of the student interest survey you took are in! They're linked from "Student Information," below and are posted in the hallway. Lecture Syllabus Laboratory Syllabus Lecture Notes Laboratory Overview ... Herbarium , Department of Biology . These pages and local linked content have been developed in part with support from the and prior funding from the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board Last updated: 14 Sept., 2005

99. Sporangium A crosssection of the spore sac of the sporophyte. http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/Bryophytes/Bryophyta/Sphagnum_Moss/Prep_

100. Equisetum Arvense image http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/images/equ_arv_cu.jpg

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