41. Dr. Albert Bartlett: Arithmetic, Population And Energy | Global Public Media The retired Professor of Physics from the University of Colorado in Boulder examines the arithmetic of steady growth, continued over modest periods of time, http://globalpublicmedia.com/lectures/461

@import "/modules/node/node.css"; @import "/modules/system/defaults.css"; @import "/modules/system/system.css"; @import "/modules/user/user.css"; @import "/sites/all/modules/cck/content.css"; @import "/sites/all/modules/nice_menus/nice_menus.css"; @import "/modules/comment/comment.css"; @import "/sites/globalpublicmedia.com/themes/bluemarine_gpm/style.css"; @import "/sites/all/modules/tagadelic/tagadelic.css"; PROGRAMS: Post Carbon Institute Local Energy Farms Oil Depletion Protocol Relocalization Network ... Lectures Dr. Albert Bartlett: Arithmetic, Population and Energy 29 Aug 2004 View all related to Climate Change Oil Population Resource Depletion View all related to Albert A. Bartlett The retired Professor of Physics from the University of Colorado in Boulder examines the arithmetic of steady growth, continued over modest periods of time, in a finite environment. These concepts are applied to populations and to fossil fuels such as petroleum and coal. Video Dr. Albert Bartlett: Arithmetic, Population and Energy (length 58): stream Read transcript: English Read transcript: Fran§ais Read transcript: Espa±ol Audio Dr. Albert Bartlett: Arithmetic, Population and Energy (length 57):

42. The IEEE Standard For Floating Point Arithmetic The IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) has produced a standard for floating point arithmetic. This standard specifies how single http://www.psc.edu/general/software/packages/ieee/ieee.html

43. Arithmetic Problems And Kids Math Help Practice Exercises Level I Activities to help in Math for Kids and arithmetic Practice Exercises. Learn Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division, arithmetic, PreAlgebra and http://www.syvum.com/math/arithmetic/level1.html

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44. Untitled However, by combining arithmetic coding with powerful modeling techniques, statistical methods for data compression can actually achieve better performance. http://www.dogma.net/markn/articles/arith/part1.htm

Arithmetic Coding + Statistical Modeling = Data Compression Part 1 - Arithmetic Coding by Mark Nelson Dr. Dobb's Journal February, 1991 This page contains my original text and figures for the article that appeared in the February, 1991 DDJ. The article was originally written to be a 2 part feature, but was cut down to 1 part. Links to Part 2 are here and at the end of the article. Arithmetic Coding + Statistical Modeling = Data Compression Part 1 - Arithmetic Coding by Mark Nelson Most of the data compression methods in common use today fall into one of two camps: dictionary based schemes and statistical methods. In the world of small systems, dictionary based data compression techniques seem to be more popular at this time. However, by combining arithmetic coding with powerful modeling techniques, statistical methods for data compression can actually achieve better performance. This two-part article discusses how to combine arithmetic coding with several different modeling methods to achieve some impressive compression ratios. The first part of the article details how arithmetic coding works. The second shows how to develop some effective models that can use an arithmetic coder to generate high performance compression programs. Terms of Endearment Data compression operates in general by taking "symbols" from an input "text", processing them, and writing "codes" to a compressed file. For the purposes of this article, symbols are usually bytes, but they could just as easily be pixels, 80 bit floating point numbers, or EBCDIC characters. To be effective, a data compression scheme needs to be able to transform the compressed file back into an identical copy of the input text. Needless to say, it also helps if the compressed file is smaller than the input text!

45. The Prime Glossary: Arithmetic Sequence Welcome to the Prime Glossary a collection of definitions, information and facts all related to prime numbers. This pages contains the entry titled http://primes.utm.edu/glossary/page.php?sort=ArithmeticSequence

46. Arithmetic Learning Units The arithmetic Learning Units listed below are available for viewing and downloading. Please note that more titles will be added to this list periodically. http://www.nsa.gov/teachers/teach00010.cfm

@import url(/styles/advanced.css); @import url(/about/styles/aboutnsa_advanced.css); @import url(/about/styles/aboutnsa_site_menu.css); @import url(/about/styles/aboutnsa_section_menu.css); @import url(/styles/content.css); Skip top menus Home About NSA Research ... Frequently Asked Questions Search What's new? The Arithmetic Learning Units listed below are available for viewing and downloading. Please note that more titles will be added to this list periodically. Back to Collected Learning Units List 2006 Elementary School Learning Units Add It Up In Number Ville! Adding 2-Digit Numbers With and Without Regrouping Applying Knowledge of Money Decimals in the Dugout (Place Value) Pt. I Pt. II Pt. III Money Math Carnival ... Reasonable Estimates 2005 Elementary School Learning Units Coin Carnival Expanding Place Value Fishin' For Fraction Fraction Fever ... Score With Soccer Subtraction 2004 Elementary School Learning Units Defining Division March of the Dividing Ant Multiplication: A Treasure Hunt to Two and Three Digit by One Digit Multiplication Number and Operations: Webbing Our Way Through Numbers ... Place Value/ How Much Is A Million?

47. AAA Math Basic K8 arithmetic lessons with explanations, interactive practice, and challenge games. http://www.aaamath.com/cd/

Sorted by Grade Level Study Basic Math Skills Unlimited Interactive Practice Explanations and Examples Challenge Games Hundreds of Pages Kindergarten First Second Third ... Eighth Sorted by Subject Math Class CD Buy it Now Edition Price Shipping Total Order and Pay By Home PayPal or Amazon.com Classroom PayPal or Amazon.com School PayPal or Amazon.com Mail Order Features of the Math Class CD Contains all the lessons from the AAAKnow and AAA Math web sites plus many more. Over 2000 Arithmetic lesson pages for grades K-8. Many lessons on the CD are not available on the websites. All Lessons contain: An explanation of the concept Unlimited practice problems Immediate feedback to prevent practicing incorrect methods Challenge games Each lesson page has a "Report Totals" button that provides a summary of the number of problems completed and the scores. This report can be printed or copied into an email. The CD has a printable progress report form for each grade. This printed table of lessons can be used to record the student's practice and improvements. The lessons are arranged into grades (K-8) and into math topic areas (e.g. fractions).

48. Arithmetic City * Start Page Your 1 source for FREE arithmetic Worksheets! FREE arithmetic Worksheets! September 2007 Daily Worksheets. Multiplication Division. visitors http://arithmeticcity.home.comcast.net/

Start Page Addition Subtraction Arithmetic City FREE Arithmetic Worksheets! September 2007 Daily Worksheets Multiplication Division visitors Contact Us Mission Statement Printing Links ... Districts September 2007 Monday, September 3, 2007 Tuesday, September 4, 2007 Wednesday, September 5, 2007 Thursday, September 6, 2007 ... Friday, September 28, 2007

49. Mathematical Sciences Research Institute - CMI/MSRI Workshop: Modular Forms And This conference, jointly funded by MSRI and the Clay Mathematics Institute, will bring together researchers on many aspects of the arithmetic applications http://www.msri.org/calendar/workshops/WorkshopInfo/447/show_workshop

SITE MAP SEARCH SHORTCUT: Choose a Destination... Calendar Programs Workshops Summer Grad Workshops Seminars Events/Announcements Application Materials Visa Information Propose a Program Propose a Workshop Policy on Diversity MSRI Alumni Archimedes Society Why Give to MSRI Ways to Give to MSRI Donate to MSRI Planned Gifts FAQ Staff Member Directory Contact Us Directions For Visitors Pictures Library Computing SGP Streaming Video / VMath MSRI in the Media Emissary Newsletter Outlook Newsletter Subscribe to Newsletters Books, Preprints, etc. Federal Support Corporate Affiliates Sponsoring Publishers Foundation Support Academic Sponsors HOME ACTIVITIES CORP AFFILIATES ABOUT COMMUNICATIONS Calendar ... Events/Announcements CMI/MSRI Workshop: Modular Forms and Arithmetic June 28, 2008 to July 02, 2008 Organized By: Frank Calegari, Samit Dasgupta, David Ellwood, Bjorn Poonen, and Richard Taylor Participant List: View a List of Registered Participants This conference, jointly funded by MSRI and the Clay Mathematics Institute , will bring together researchers on many aspects of the arithmetic applications of modular (and automorphic) forms. This is currently a very broad and very active subject. Our intention is to encourage interaction between those working in different sub-disciplines. To this end it is hoped to limit lectures to 4 hours a day, allowing plenty of time for informal interactions. On Tuesday, July 1, 2008 at 7pm there will be a dinner to honor Ken Ribet on his 60th birthday. Speaker List: Matthew Baker Joel Bellaiche

50. 10 Easy Arithmetic Tricks - The List Universe Math can be terrifying for many people. This list will hopefully improve your general knowledge of mathematical tricks and your speed when you need to do http://listverse.com/science/10-easy-arithmetic-tricks/

Register login Home List Archive ... About 10 Easy Arithmetic Tricks Published on September 17, 2007 - 156 Comments Math can be terrifying for many people. This list will hopefully improve your general knowledge of mathematical tricks and your speed when you need to do math in your head. 1. The 11 Times Trick We all know the trick when multiplying by ten - add to the end of the number, but did you know there is an equally easy trick for multiplying a two digit number by 11? This is it: Take the original number and imagine a space between the two digits (in this example we will use 52: Now add the two numbers together and put them in the middle: That is it - you have the answer: 572. If the numbers in the middle add up to a 2 digit number, just insert the second number and add 1 to the first: 1089 - It works every time. 2. Quick Square If you need to square a 2 digit number ending in 5, you can do so very easily with this trick. Mulitply the first digit by itself + 1, and put 25 on the end. That is all! 2 x 3 = 6 3. Multiply by 5

51. B. Floating Point Arithmetic: Issues And Limitations You ll see the same kind of thing in all languages that support your hardware s floatingpoint arithmetic (although some languages may not display the http://docs.python.org/tut/node16.html

Python Tutorial Previous: A. Interactive Input Editing Up: Python Tutorial Next: C. History and License Subsections B.1 Representation Error B. Floating Point Arithmetic: Issues and Limitations Floating-point numbers are represented in computer hardware as base 2 (binary) fractions. For example, the decimal fraction has value 1/10 + 2/100 + 5/1000, and in the same way the binary fraction has value 0/2 + 0/4 + 1/8. These two fractions have identical values, the only real difference being that the first is written in base 10 fractional notation, and the second in base 2. Unfortunately, most decimal fractions cannot be represented exactly as binary fractions. A consequence is that, in general, the decimal floating-point numbers you enter are only approximated by the binary floating-point numbers actually stored in the machine. The problem is easier to understand at first in base 10. Consider the fraction 1/3. You can approximate that as a base 10 fraction: or, better, or, better, and so on. No matter how many digits you're willing to write down, the result will never be exactly 1/3, but will be an increasingly better approximation of 1/3. In the same way, no matter how many base 2 digits you're willing to use, the decimal value 0.1 cannot be represented exactly as a base 2 fraction. In base 2, 1/10 is the infinitely repeating fraction

52. Main Menu Mental arithmetic Drills Mental arithmetic Algebra 1 Algebra 2 Geometry Trigonometry Exponential Logarithmic Functions Miscellaneous http://math.usask.ca/emr/menu_arith.html

Mental Arithmetic Drills TOPIC DRILLS Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division Unfortunately, the Applets here misbehave on some Macs Mental Arithmetic Algebra 1 Algebra 2 Geometry ... Techniques for Proofs

53. EIMI: Arithmetic Geometry Conference Euler International Mathematical Institute, St Petersburg, Russia; 2026 June 2004. http://www.pdmi.ras.ru/EIMI/2004/AG/

International conference ARITHMETIC GEOMETRY June 20-26, 2004 St Petersburg, RUSSIA SCIENTIFIC COMMITEE Ch.Deninger (director of SFB, Muenster) I. Fesenko ( Nottingham ) A.Parshin ( Moscow ) S.Vostokov ( St. Petersburg ) ORGANIZING COMMITEE S.Vostokov ( St. Petersburg ) A.Parshin ( Moscow ) I.Panin ( St. Petersburg ) M.Bondarko ( St. Petersburg ) LIST OF SPEAKERS Amnon Besser Ben Gurion Yuri Bilu Bordeaux Michael Bondarko St. Petersburg Ted Chinburg Pennsylvania Keith Conrad Connecticut Joachim Cuntz Muenster Ivan Fesenko Nottingham Luc Illusie Paris-Sud Kazuya Kato Kyoto Toshiyuki Katsura Tokyo Nobushige Kurokawa Tokyo Falko Lorenz Muenster Loic Merel Paris Tetsuo Nakamura Tohoku Vladimir Popov Moscow Martin Taylor Manchester Sergei Vostokov St. Petersburg Jean-Pierre Wintenberger Strasbourg Gisbert Wuestholz ETH Zurich Yuri Zarhin Penn State Schedule Final List of Participants Photo Album Photo Album by Professor Andrianov ... Back to the Petersburg Department of Steklov Institute of Mathematics

54. Conferences In Arithmetic Geometry - Kiran Kedlaya's Wiki This is a list of upcoming conferences in arithmetic geometry; please help me keep this current. (Only approved users can log in; email me with a proposed http://scripts.mit.edu/~kedlaya/wiki/index.php?title=Conferences_in_Arithmetic_G

55. Arithmetic Geometry And Number Theory - Main Page Conference to honour Nicholas M. Katz on his 60th birthday. Princeton, NJ, USA; 1114 December 2003. http://www.math.princeton.edu/katzconf/

Main Page Conference Schedule Conference Participants Arithmetic Geometry and Number Theory Conference to Honor Nicholas M. Katz on his 60th birthday. December 11 - 14, 2003 Princeton University Mathematics Department Speakers Include: Jean-Benoit Bost Aise Johan deJong Pierre Deligne Helene Esnault Gerd Faltings Benedict H. Gross Christopher Hooley Mark Kisin Neal Koblitz Barry Mazur Philippe Michel John Tate Organizing Committee: Brian Conrey Gerard Laumon Peter Sarnak Andrew Wiles Funding Sources: National Science Foundation American Institute of Mathematics Princeton University Mathematics Department1 For more information about the conference please e-mail dona@princeton.edu

56. Active More often (alas), the conclusions can only be justified by assuming that the laws of arithmetic have been suspended for the convenience of those who choose http://www.stanford.edu/~wfsharpe/art/active/active.htm

The Arithmetic of Active Management William F. Sharpe Reprinted with permission from The Financial Analysts' Journal Vol. 47, No. 1, January/February 1991. pp. 7-9 Association for Investment Management and Research Charlottesville, VA "Today's fad is index funds that track the Standard and Poor's 500. True, the average soundly beat most stock funds over the past decade. But is this an eternal truth or a transitory one?" "In small stocks, especially, you're probably better off with an active manager than buying the market." "The case for passive management rests only on complex and unrealistic theories of equilibrium in capital markets." Statements such as these are made with alarming frequency by investment professionals . In some cases, subtle and sophisticated reasoning may be involved. More often (alas), the conclusions can only be justified by assuming that the laws of arithmetic have been suspended for the convenience of those who choose to pursue careers as active managers. If "active" and "passive" management styles are defined in sensible ways, it must be the case that (1) before costs, the return on the average actively managed dollar will equal the return on the average passively managed dollar and

57. Pure, Declarative, And Constructive Arithmetic Relations | Lambda The Ultimate So you ve read The Reasoned Schemer and were excited about the fact that unlike the builtin operations in Prolog, arithmetic relations (over binary http://lambda-the-ultimate.org/node/2697

@import "misc/drupal.css"; @import "themes/chameleon/ltu/style.css"; Lambda the Ultimate Home Feedback FAQ ... Archives User login Username: Password: Create new account Request new password Navigation recent posts Home Pure, Declarative, and Constructive Arithmetic Relations Pure, Declarative, and Constructive Arithmetic Relations . Oleg Kiselyov, William E. Byrd, Daniel P. Friedman, and Chung-chieh Shan. FLOPS 2008. (source code) We present decidable logic programs for addition, multiplication, division with remainder, exponentiation, and logarithm with remainder over the unbounded domain of natural numbers. Our predicates represent relations without mode restrictions or annotations. They are fully decidable under the common, DFS-like, SLD resolution strategy of Prolog or under an interleaving refinement of DFS... [The] attempts to define decidable multiplication even for the seemingly trivial unary case show the difficulties that become more pronounced as we move to binary arithmetic. We rely on a finite representation of infinite domains, precise instantiatedness analysis, and reasoning about SLD using search trees. So you've read The Reasoned Schemer and were excited about the fact that unlike the built-in operations in Prolog, arithmetic relations (over binary numbers) were fully implemented. For example, addition could also be used for subtraction and multiplication for factoring numbers and for generating all triples of numbers related by multiplication. Now comes this paper to explain the motivation behind some of the more arcane definitions needed to implement arithmetic in a fully relational style, and to prove their properties formally. The paper develops unary and binary arithmetic relations in pure Prolog (with no cuts, negation or introspection).

58. Harmony And Proportion: Palladio: The Arithmetic Mean In an arithmetic Mean, the second amount exeeds the first by the same amount as the third exeeds the second, as in 234. Three exeeds two by the same http://www.aboutscotland.com/harmony/prop4.html

About Scotland Arts pages Harmony and Proportion by John Boyd-Brent Introduction Plato: Composition Pythagoras: Music and Space Alberti: Harmony and Proportion Palladio: The Proportion of Rooms The Arithmetic Mean The Geometric Mean The Harmonic Mean ... The Square Root of Two Palladio: The Arithmetic Mean "We shall therefore borrow all our Rules for the Finishing our Proportions, from the Musicians, who are the greatest Masters of this Sort of Numbers, and from those Things wherein Nature shows herself most excellent and compleat." Leon Battista Alberti (1407-1472) "...let the room to be vaulted be twelve feet long and six broad; add six to twelve and it will make eighteen, the half of which is nine; the vault ought therefor to be nine feet." In an Arithmetic Mean, the second amount exeeds the first by the same amount as the third exeeds the second, as in 2:3:4. Three exeeds two by the same amount that four exeeds three. Or, in Palladio's example: 9 exeeds 6 by 3, which is the same amount by which 12 exeeds 9. Practically, this means taking the length and adding it to the width, then dividing the result in half, as Palladio described.

59. Fast Robust Predicates For Computational Geometry C code for orientation and incircle tests using adaptiveprecision floating-point arithmetic. http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~quake/robust.html

Adaptive Precision Floating-Point Arithmetic and Fast Robust Predicates for Computational Geometry Jonathan Richard Shewchuk Computer Science Division University of California at Berkeley Berkeley, California 94720-1776 Created as part of the Archimedes project (tools for parallel finite element methods). Supported in part by NSF Grant CMS-9318163 and an NSERC 1967 Scholarship. Many computational geometry applications use numerical tests known as the orientation and incircle tests. The orientation test determines whether a point lies to the left of, to the right of, or on a line or plane defined by other points. The incircle test determines whether a point lies inside, outside, or on a circle defined by other points. Each of these tests is performed by evaluating the sign of a determinant (see the figure below). The determinant is expressed in terms of the coordinates of the points. If these coordinates are expressed as single or double precision floating-point numbers, roundoff error may lead to an incorrect result when the true determinant is near zero. In turn, this misinformation can lead an application to fail or produce incorrect results. One way to solve this problem is to use exact arithmetic. Unfortunately, traditional libraries for arbitrary precision floating-point arithmetic are quite slow, and can reduce the speed of an application by one or two orders of magnitude.

60. Fundamental Theorem Of Arithmetic (PRIME) The Fundamental Theorem of arithmetic, from the Platonic Realms Interactive Math Encyclopedia. http://www.mathacademy.com/pr/prime/articles/fta/

BROWSE ALPHABETICALLY LEVEL: Elementary Advanced Both INCLUDE TOPICS: Basic Math Algebra Analysis Biography Calculus Comp Sci Discrete Economics Foundations Geometry Graph Thry History Number Thry Physics Statistics Topology Trigonometry The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic et us begin by noticing that, in a certain sense, there are two kinds of natural number : composite numbers, and prime numbers. Composite numbers are numbers we get by multiplying together other numbers. For example, We say that 2 and 3 are factors of 6 (or, equivalently, that they are divisors of 6). Some numbers, however, have no factors other than themselves and one. Such numbers are called prime , and there are infinitely many of these. The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic (FTA) tells us something important about the relationship between composite numbers and prime numbers. It is usually stated as follows: Every natural number is either prime or can be uniquely factored as a product of primes in a unique way. unique.

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