61. Chandra :: Field Guide To X-ray Astronomy :: History Of X-Ray Astronomy An explanation of cosmic Xray sources, from black holes to galaxy clusters, as well as a review of the history of X-ray astronomy, what X-rays are and how http://chandra.harvard.edu/xray_astro/history.html

History of X-Ray Astronomy How do X-ray telescopes differ from optical telescopes? X-rays do not reflect off mirrors the same way that visible light does. Because of their high-energy, X-ray photons penetrate into the mirror in much the same way that bullets slam into a wall. Likewise, just as bullets ricochet when they hit a wall at a grazing angle, so too will X-rays ricochet off mirrors (see diagram below). These properties mean that X-ray telescopes must be very different from optical telescopes. View the schematic image Watch the animation (java) The mirrors have to be precisely shaped and aligned nearly parallel to incoming X-rays. Thus they look more like barrels than the familiar dish shape of optical telescopes. The first imaging X-ray telescope was made by a team of scientists under the direction of Riccardo Giacconi at American Science and Engineering in Cambridge, MA. It was flown on a small sounding rocket in 1965 and made crude images of hot spots in the upper atmosphere of the Sun. This telescope was about the same diameter and length as the optical telescope Galileo used in 1610. Over a period of 380 years, optical telescopes improved in sensitivity by 100 million times from Galileo's telescope to the Hubble Space Telescope. Remarkably, Chandra represents a leap of 100 million in sensitivity, yet it took only 34 years to achieve!

62. Chandra :: Field Guide To X-ray Astronomy :: History Of X-Ray Astronomy An explanation of cosmic Xray sources, from black holes to galaxy clusters, as well as a review of the history of X-ray astronomy, what X-rays are and how http://chandra.harvard.edu/xray_astro/history4.html

History of X-Ray Astronomy Chandra View the schematic image Watch the animation The most important X-ray astronomy mission of the present decade is NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory , which was launched on July 23, 1999. This telescope contains four sets of nested mirrors and is the premier X-ray observatory to date. It can detect sources more than twice as far away and produce images with five times greater detail. The mirrors have been polished to a smoothness of a few atoms. If the surface of the Earth were as smooth as the Chandra mirrors, the largest mountain would be less than 2 meters (7 feet) tall! X-ray telescopes have a different design from optical telescopes because X-rays will reflect off mirrors only if they strike them at grazing angles. Two reflections are used to focus the X-rays to a point. The area of an X-ray telescope can be increased by nesting the mirrors inside one another. Chandra construction The largest of eight mirrors for Chandra is shown at the Eastman-Kodak laboratory, where the circular support structure was built. The mirror surface was coated with iridium, a material more reflective than gold.

63. Www.w3.org/pub/DataSources/bySubject/astro/astrohi history of astronomy Cambridge University Press‘Linton presents the 4000 year history of astronomy from a refreshingly different viewpoint His treatment is thorough and clear, but not daunting. http://www.w3.org/pub/DataSources/bySubject/astro/astrohistory.html

64. History Of Astronomy There is no shortage of books on the history of astronomy. astronomy, history . These are sites specifically devoted to the history of astronomy. http://www.ipl.org.ar/ref/QUE/PF/astrohist.html

the Internet Public Library Pathfinder: History of Astronomy Introduction This guide is designed to help you find information about the history of astronomy using the Internet and/or print resources. Given the wealth of materials, it is by no means intended to be an exhaustive list; rather, it tries to provide a useful starting point for those wishing to find quality information about the topic, either for serious research or just looking up a quick fact. General search strategies Here we suggest some subjects and keywords that can be used in library databases and on the Internet to start your research on the history of astronomy. Search keywords Subjects, e.g. , archaeoastronomy, cosmology Specific astronomical models, e.g. , heliocentrism, geocentricism Astronomers by name, e.g. , Nicolaus Copernicus, Isaac Newton Places, e.g. , China, England Time periods, e.g. , Renaissance, 19th century Call numbers Library of Congress (LC) . The Library of Congress Classification System (LC System) is used to organize books in many academic and university libraries throughout the United States and the world. Books on this topic can be found under "Astronomy", QB Astronomy (QB1-QB39) AstronomyHistory (QB15-QB34) AstronomyBiography (QB35-QB36) Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) . Under the Dewey Decimal Classification, favored by most public libraries, books about the history of astronomy are classified under "Astronomy", the assigned Dewey number being 520. Also check for related topics; for example "ScienceHistory" (509).

65. History - Astronomy Directory The history chapter of an introductory astronomy course. of JC Kapteyn (18511922); Many history of astronomy and history of science links with a Dutch http://www.ozskywatch.com/history/

66. SOFA - Standard Object For Astronomy - History Standard Objects For astronomy. Home history Motivation Info. Pages modifications (eg. new link addition) are notified here http://sofa.astro.utoledo.edu/SOFA/sofa_history.html

S tandard O bjects F or A stronomy Home History Motivation Info Pages modifications ( e.g .: new link addition) are notified here: 10th October 1999 links to: The revised catalog of MK spectra types for the cooler stars, Libraries of stellar spectra, 13th General Catalogue of MK spectral classification 14th July 1999 links to: CADC, skycat, Hypercat, papers: Wrobel et al. (1998) (and related), Massey et al. (1988, 1990), Silva et al. (1992), Jacoby et al. (1984), Zombeck (1990) 12th April 1999 link to WEBDA 05th April 1999 links to LEDA, NED, GSC, Aladin, SkyView, Irsky, USNO links for polarimetric standards mirror sites for database have been removed for clarity, a note has been written in Info 30th March 1999 first release Last update: 10th October 1999 Address : http://www.astro.umontreal.ca/~corporon/sofa.html or http://www-laog.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr/~corporon/sofa.html Maintained by Patrice Corporon - Thank you for sending me your comments

67. Observing The Sky--Ancient History/Astronomy Lesson Plan (grades 6-8)--Discovery Students learn that ancient people showed significant skills in developing calendars based on celestial movements. Contemporary people all over the world http://school.discovery.com/lessonplans/programs/skywatchers/

postionList = "compscreen,hedthick,admedia,tower,nuiad,interstitial"; OAS_RICH("interstitial"); OAS_RICH("admedia"); Grades K-5 Grades 6-8 Grades 9-12 Astronomy/Space ... Health History Ancient History U.S. History World History Life Science Animals Ecology Human Body The Microscopic World ... Weather 6-8 > Ancient History Grade level: 6-8 Subject: Ancient History Duration: Two class periods to set students up for an ongoing project Objectives Materials Procedures Adaptations ... Credit Objectives Find a video description and discussion questions. Discover Magazine: Ancient Sky Watchers Use our free online Teaching Tools to create custom worksheets, puzzles and quizzes on this topic! Students will understand the following: Ancient people showed significant skills in developing calendars based on celestial movements. Contemporary people all over the world continue to be fascinated with astronomy. Materials Access to local observatories and astronomical equipment would be helpful but is not necessary for this observation-and-recording project. Internet access and e-mail account for teacher or class Procedures To help students appreciate the skills of the ancient Anasazi people of the Southwest in watching the stars and simultaneously to highlight the benefits of up-to-date electronic communication, organize a cooperative sky-gazing project with teachers and students in other parts of the country and in other parts of the world. This project should not depend on telescopes or other high-tech paraphernalia. Your first step is to locate teachers and classes willing to participate with you in an astronomy project over the course of a few months. Find Internet discussion groups and clubs dedicated to astronomy and e-mail addresses of astronomy associations by selecting hyperlinks at

68. Infolinx Virtual Library Art Links astronomy / history Sites. Astronomical Timeline astronomy, by Steven J. Dick The Catholic Encyclopedia astronomy Blind Faith in astronomy and the http://www.wwiaviation.com/infolinx/science/astro3.html

The World Is Just A Click Away Astronomy / History Sites Astronomical Timeline Astronomy, by Steven J. Dick The Catholic Encyclopedia - Astronomy Blind Faith in Astronomy and the Planetarium ... MEL: History of Astronomy Astronomy / Glosseries Comet Definitions Glossary of Terms found in the Galileo Project The Nine Planets Glossary NASA Thesaurus ... Submit an URL

69. ScienceDaily -- Browse Topics: Science/Astronomy/History history and Philosophy of Western astronomy The history chapter of an introductory history of astronomy - Offers a history of the field and science. http://www.sciencedaily.com/directory/Science/Astronomy/History

@import "/styles/navbar.css"; @import "/styles/tabStyles.css"; Set home page Bookmark site Add search Latest News ... Email to friend Text Size A A A Front Page ... Astronomy : History Subtopics Archaeoastronomy Eclipses, Occultations and Transits Instruments Observatories ... Worldviews See Also: Science: Astronomy: Education Science: Math: History Science: Physics: History Society: History: By Topic: Exploration: Space ... Society: History: By Topic: Science Search Google: History News Books Links ... Aortic Aneurysm Associated With Decreased Incidence Of Atherosclerosis (September 13, 2005) full story Exercise Stress Testing Helps Identify People At Risk Of Developing Coronary Heart Disease (September 13, 2005) full story Native Plant Eaters Have Gourmet Palates (September 12, 2005) full story New Search Engine 'Revolutionary' (September 10, 2005) full story High Levels Of Daily Stress May Result In Lower Risk Of Breast Cancer (September 9, 2005) full story Mystery Surrounds 'Porcelain Of The Southwest' (September 7, 2005) full story XMM-Newton Probes Formation Of Galaxy Clusters (September 6, 2005) full story LSD Finds New Respectability (September 1, 2005)

70. ScienceDaily -- Browse Topics: Science/Astronomy/History/Worldviews Science astronomy Cosmology Science Social Sciences Archaeology Topics Worldviews An Introduction to the history and Philosophy of Science http://www.sciencedaily.com/directory/Science/Astronomy/History/Worldviews

@import "/styles/navbar.css"; @import "/styles/tabStyles.css"; Set home page Bookmark site Add search Latest News ... Email to friend Text Size A A A Front Page ... History : Worldviews Subtopics See Also: Science: Astronomy: Cosmology Science: Social Sciences: Archaeology: Topics: Archaeoastronomy Society: Philosophy: Philosophy of Science Search Google: Worldviews News Books Links [ More news about Worldviews Amazon.com's Price: Prices subject to change. Race in North America: Origin and Evolution of a Worldview by: Audrey Smedley List Price: Amazon.com's Price: You Save: Prices subject to change. Science and Evolution: Developing a Christian Worldview of Science and Evolution by: Charles W. Colson Nancy Pearcey Amazon.com's Price: Prices subject to change. Worldviews: An Introduction to the History and Philosophy of Science by: Richard Dewitt Amazon.com's Price: Prices subject to change. Worldviews, Religion, and the Environment: A Global Anthology by: Richard C. Foltz June 25, 2002 List Price: Amazon.com's Price: You Save: Prices subject to change. Blackfoot Physics: A Journey into the Native American Worldview by: F. David Peat

71. Astronomy, History & Religion astronomy, history Religion. Islam Hanukkah Julius Caesar Heaven s Gate Cult Stonehenge Medicinal uses. http://collections.ic.gc.ca/universe/history.html

Islam Hanukkah Julius Caesar Heaven's Gate Cult Islam Hanukkah Julius Caesar Heaven's Gate Cult ... Medicinal uses

72. History Of Physics And Astronomy Collection of links to articles on the history of Physics and astronomy. http://www.physlink.com/Education/History.cfm

Not a member yet? Get Free Membership Username: Password: Remember me Forgot your login? Ask the Experts Physics ... eStore History of Physics and Astronomy Menu General Guides History of Physics History of Mathematics Online Archives, Museums and Exhibits General Guides Center for History of Physics by AIP (Excellent!) Physics Timeline: -585 to 1999 History of Science, Technology and Medicine - WWW Virtual Library: ICOS International Catalog of Sources for History of Physics and Allied Sciences SI Base Units Historical context of the SI base units A Walk though Time A descriptive look at the history of timekeeping from ancient to modern methods History and Philosophy of Physics Research activities, meetings, essays, databases in history and philosophy of physics. A section is dedicated to the history of physics in Italy. Contributions of Physics to Information Technology and Electronics The history of important inventions by physicists in the fields of computers and solid state electronics. History of Physics CERN Historical and Scientific Archives The Nobel Foundation Nobel Prize in Physics: 1998 -1901 The Bruce Medalists Brief biographies of astronomers awarded the Bruce medal of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, many with portraits.

73. Science > Astronomy > History The history chapter of an introductory astronomy course. 7 Northern California history of astronomy Luncheon and Discussion Association http://www.xasa.com/directorio/mozilla/Top/Science/Astronomy/History/

Results for History Open directory project Top Science Astronomy Search in: Directory Web the entire directory only in Astronomy/History Astronomy is the scientific study of objects and phenomena beyond the earth's atmosphere by means other than visiting them or sending probes. Archaeoastronomy Eclipses, Occultations and Transits Instruments Observatories ... Worldviews See also: Web pages: Harmonia Macrocosmica by Andreas Cellarius Atlas of the heavens as seen by the astronomers of the time of its 1661 printing: Copernicus, Ptolemy, Brahe, and Aratus. Entire book has been digitized and the images may be browsed or searched. http://www.lib.utah.edu/digital/cellarius.html History and Philosophy of Western Astronomy The History chapter of an introductory astronomy course. http://www.astronomynotes.com/history/s1.htm Jewish Astronomy, From Ancient to Modern Times Astronomy in Israel from Og's Circle to the Wise Observatory. http://wise-obs.tau.ac.il/judaism/jewish_astro.html The €ryabhat­ya of €ryabhata The oldest exact astronomic constant? The ratio of earth rotations to lunar orbits in Aryabhata's AD 498 writing. http://www.jqjacobs.net/astro/aryabhata.html

74. New Journal For History Of Astronomy Papers on ALL aspects of astronomical history will be considered, including studies which place the evolution of astronomy in political, economic and http://www.aip.org/history/newsletter/spr98/jastro.htm

Volume XXX, No. 1, Spring 1998 New Journal for History of Astronomy Following extensive discussions at the recent General Assembly of the International Astronomic Union, a research publication titled the Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage will be launched in 1998. It will provide an alternative outlet for those who liked to publish historical material in the Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society and Vistas in Astronomy. JAH2 will be published twice yearly, in June and December, and will feature review papers, research papers, short communications, and book reviews. Papers on ALL aspects of astronomical history will be considered, including studies which place the evolution of astronomy in political, economic and cultural context. Papers on astronomical heritage may deal with historic telescopes and observatories, conservation projects (including the conversion of historic observatories into museums of astronomy) and historical or industrial archaeological investigations of astronomical sites or buildings. All papers will be refereed prior to publication. The Managing Editor of the new journal is John L. Perdrix, from Perth, Australia, who is closing down the Australian Journal of Astronomy in order to activate the new journal. The Papers Editor is Wayne Orchiston, Executive Director of the Carter Observatory (the National Observatory of New Zealand). An international Editorial Board is in the process of being formed.

75. Encyclopedia Of Astronomy And Astrophysics Documents of Astronomical history http//www.stcloudstate.edu/~physcrse/astr106/doc.html Japanese Starlore and Astronomical history http://eaa.iop.org/index.cfm?action=links.page&page=history

76. Wvnvm.wvnet.edu/htbin/listarch?hastro-l Ascmc Italy travel history of astronomy in Italy and Rome - galileo Tour the archaeo astronomy of Italy. Join UCLA and Far Horizons Archaeological and Cultural Trips and experience a unique journey into adventure, http://wvnvm.wvnet.edu/htbin/listarch?hastro-l&a:scmcc.archives

77. Gigablast Search Results The history chapter of an introductory astronomy course. JC Kapteyn (18511922); Many history of astronomy and history of science links with a Dutch http://dir.gigablast.com/Science/Astronomy/History/

Family filter: On Off Entire Directory Entire Category Pages in Base Category Sites in Base Category Top Science Astronomy History ... Worldviews Related Categories: Science: Astronomy: Education Science: Physics: History Science: Math: History Society: History: By Topic: Science ... Society: History: By Topic: Exploration: Space This category in other languages: Italian Spanish A Brief SETI Chronology A timeline of the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, from Morrison and Coconni to SETI@home. www.setileague.org/general/history.htm [archived copy] [stripped] [older copies] - indexed: Apr 28 2005 - modified: Jan 03 2003 A Science Odyssey - Physics and Astronomy PBS articles about 20th century astronomy and physics. www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/physastro.html [archived copy] [stripped] [older copies] - indexed: Apr 26 2005 Astronomical References in the Ruba'iy¢t of Omar Khayyam Excerpts and commentary with reproductions of some of Elihu Vedder's illustrations. www.minaret.org/INSAP3.htm [archived copy] [stripped] [older copies] - indexed: Apr 28 2005 - modified: Nov 11 2004 Big Ear Radio Observatory Radio astronomy and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence.

78. Institute Of Astronomy - History Home Research Facilities history Links. Information. 09.08.2005 0959 MJD 53591 Home Contact information EN Copyright © 2004, Institute of astronomy. http://www.astr.lu.lv/history_en.asp

Institute of Astronomy LV EN Home Navigation Home Research Facilities History ... Links Information MJD Valid XHTML 1.0 Strict Valid CSS2 Home Contact information

79. History Of Astronomy In Ancient India Eclipse calculation, heliocentric theory, size of the world. http://india.coolatlanta.com/GreatPages/sudheer/astro.html

80. Astronomy Center Topics covered include the history of astronomy and the the origins of a heliocentric http//csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/index.html Telescopes http://www.compadre.org/astronomy/search/search.cfm?gs=222&SS=585&b=1

Page 4     61-80 of 192    Back | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | 6  | 7  | 8  | 9  | 10  | Next 20