41. Rose City Astronomers: Homepage Rose City astronomers is the largest amateur astronomy club in the Pacific Northwest. http://www.rca-omsi.org/

Some people promise you the universe...we deliver! Site Index Membership Calendar Newsletter ... 2005 Star Party Schedule RCA, located in Portland, Oregon, is the largest amateur astronomy club in the Pacific Northwest. Everyone is welcome to our club meetings and star parties The next RCA meeting is September 19, 2005 . Special presentation by Steve Swayze "Let's talk APERTURE!" This week's sky at a glance - Find out what is up! Frequently Asked Questions OMSI - Autumn Equinox Celebration RCA Dark Sky Star Camp New! Telescope Library Directory Find out what great scopes are available to members! In partnership with OMSI the RCA supports educational activities such as public star parties, telescope making workshops, Astronomy Day and other celestial events and gatherings. Join a special interest group like Astrophysics/Cosmology or The Telescope Workshop Find out what's new in the RCA Library! Online Catalog! Observing Site Committee Forum Interested in preserving dark skies?

42. ASP: Indiana Jones And The Astronomers Of Yore Introduction to basic archaeoastronomical concepts with examples from across the world. http://www.astrosociety.org/education/publications/tnl/31/31.html

No. 31 - Summer 1995 and the Astronomers of Yore Edwin C. Krupp at the Saqqara pyramids near Cairo, Egypt. Krupp has poked around nearly 600 archaeological sites throughout the world. He is director of Griffith Observatory in Los Angeles and author of several books, including In Search of Ancient Astronomies and Echoes of Ancient Skies: The Astronomy of Lost Civilizations. Photo by Robin Rector Krupp. by Louis Winkler, Pennsylvania State University Indiana Jones is a registered trademark of Lucasfilm Ltd. Archaeoastronomy, like the study of dinosaurs, reconstructs things and circumstances of the deep past. There's the intrigue of the megaliths of Stonehenge, the ancient pyramids of Egypt, the earthen figures of Britain and Peru, and the bloody rituals of the Maya. The earliest societies of the British Isles, Egypt, China, Peru, and North America all paid close attention to the skies (see figure 1 ). The ancient Maya, Romans, Christians, Jews, and Muslims all devised calendars. To make sense of these great structures and sophisticated concepts, archaeologists and astronomers have pooled their talents. They work together to understand ethnic groups over six millennia of world history. As a science, archaeoastronomy is unusual in the amount of subjectivity that it involves. Although based on astronomy and spherical geometry, interpretations of sites can vary wildly. For teachers, this is a blessing. High-school students can get involved in real problems. They can perform activities either in the classroom or field, and if funds are available, they can visit actual archaeological sites. Some of the material requires little or no mathematical manipulation; the most difficult involves simple trigonometry.

43. Solar System Online Provides the K12 educational community with new, exciting information on space science, project information, and interaction with astronomers and space scientists. http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/sso/index.html

It appears that your browser does not support JavaScript, or you have it disabled. This site is best viewed with JavaScript enabled. If JavaScript is disabled in your browser, please turn it back on then reload this page. Or, if your browser does not support JavaScript, click here

44. Rose City Astronomers - New Url For Home Page Rose City astronomers. This page has moved to www.rcaomsi.org Your browser will automatically take you there in 5 seconds, http://www.rca-omsi.org/rca/

Rose City Astronomers This page has moved to www.rca-omsi.org Your browser will automatically take you there in 5 seconds, if it doesn't then just click the link above. Please change your bookmarks to reflect the new address.

45. CNN - Report: Astronomers Discover New Type Of Star - June 1, 1999 CNN http://www.cnn.com/TECH/space/9906/01/brown.dwarf/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD ASIANOW U.S. ... news quiz CNN WEB SITES: TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW MORE SERVICES: video on demand video archive audio on demand news email services ... pagenet DISCUSSION: message boards chat feedback SITE GUIDES: help contents search FASTER ACCESS: europe japan WEB SERVICES: Report: Astronomers discover new type of star June 1, 1999 Web posted at: 5:47 p.m. EDT (2147 GMT) (CNN) Astronomers have discovered a new category of cosmic objects that cannot be seen in visible light, yet may be as numerous as the stars, The New York Times reported Tuesday. The dim objects, which scientists are calling methane brown dwarfs, are smaller than stars yet larger than planets, the paper said. Unlike previously observed brown dwarfs, the new objects have atmospheres rich in methane and exist independently, far away from neighboring stars, astronomers said. Astronomers said the new objects are probably older brown dwarfs that have cooled over billions of years. The presence of methane would not have been possible in hotter, younger objects, according to the report. The discovery, the result of ambitious new surveys of the sky, was announced Monday at meeting of the American Astronomical Society in Chicago.

46. Welcome To The Roper Mountain Astronomers' Website 2005 Roper Mountain astronomers. All Rights Reserved. 08/10/2005 If you have any questions or request regarding this site please contact http://rmastro.com/

GREENVILLE, SC Your browser does not support inline frames or is currently configured not to display inline frames. Why did not somebody teach me the constellations and make me at home in the starry heavens, which are always overhead, and which I don't half know to this day? THOMAS CARLYLE English writer Note: RMA Club Meetings have moved from second Thursday to third Thursday September 2005 RMA Meeting Agenda: "General Relativity" September 15th - 7:30 p.m. Dr. William Baker will be doing a program for us on General Relativity at our September meeting. October 2005 RMA Meeting Agenda: "Yerkes Observatory - Past, Present and Future" October 20th - 7:30 p.m. Gayle Riggsbee will be doing a program for us on the Yerkes Observatory. Check Calendar Events User Friendly Calendar of Events Our Calendar of Events is your one stop for all the activities such as star parties (local and regional), RMA general meetings, outreach programs, and DSOG observing sessions and more. Meeting Refreshments Contact us by clicking HERE about signing up Sign-up today to bring refreshments to an upcoming club meeting. Members will be reimbursed up to $30 for refreshments with proof of purchase. If no member signs up to bring refreshments in a particular month we will not have any after the meeting.

47. CNN - Astronomers Detect Farthest Quasar Yet - December 11, 1998 CNN http://www.cnn.com/TECH/space/9812/11/quasar/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD ASIANOW U.S. ... news quiz CNN WEB SITES: TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW MORE SERVICES: video on demand video archive audio on demand news email services ... pagenet DISCUSSION: message boards chat feedback SITE GUIDES: help contents search FASTER ACCESS: europe japan WEB SERVICES: Astronomers detect farthest quasar yet December 11, 1998 Web posted at: 12:58 p.m. EST This false-color image of a quasar was captured by NASA's orbiting Compton Gamma Ray Observatory SUNSPOT, New Mexico (AP) A survey intended to map one-quarter of the universe has discovered astronomy's most distant quasar a luminous, starlike object emitting superbright light. The Apache Point Observatory near Sunspot has found three of the four most distant quasars since it began its Sloan Digital Sky Survey in May. "It's a fair statement to say we're talking many billions of light years away," said Bruce Gillespie, site operations manager at Apache Point. The quasars are at the edge of the known universe, which means their light is from a time when the universe was a billion years old and about one-sixth its present size. Astronomers believe the universe is 10 billion to 14 billion years old. The survey is being conducted by several universities, with the latest discovery announced Tuesday by scientists from Princeton University.

48. Sidewalk Astronomers : The Official Site This is the official Web site of the Sidewalk astronomers Organization. The Sidewalk astronomers are a nonprofit organization dedicated to public service http://www.sidewalkastronomers.com/

Home Telescopes John Dobson From the Sidewalk ... moon phases The Sidewalk Astronomers will be hosting the world premier showing of "Universe - The Cosmology Quest" . The premier will be held Wednesday, March 3, at the Autry Museum's Wells Fargo Theatre, 4700 Western Heritage Way, Los Angeles, California with two showings at 6:30pm and 8:30pm. Several of those interviewed in the film will be attending. Seating is extremely limited, so everyone must RSVP to the contact information below. There will also be screenings held on Saturday, March 6th, at the Randall Museum, 199 Museum Way, San Francisco, CA 94114 at 6:00pm and 8:00pm. Again, seating here is also extremely limited, everyone must RSVP. RSVP/ Los Angeles Donna Smith dsmith1055@earthlink.net 818-846-1722 (daytime starting Feb 16) 818-848-4533 evenings/message RSVP / San Francisco Phil Rice (415) 497-8564. (cell) prsfca@circlelimit.com This is the official Web site of the Sidewalk Astronomers Organization. The Sidewalk Astronomers are a non-profit organization dedicated to public service in astronomy. One of the problems of human knowledge is that the world which we see from the surface of this planet on a sunny day bears almost no resemblance to the rest of the universe. Our Earth is made of iron and rock; but the universe as a whole is mostly hydrogen. The actions which we see on the surface of the Earth run mostly on sunlight; but the universe runs mostly on gravity.

49. CNN.com - Space - Astronomers Find New Planet In Earth's 'backyard' - August 4, CNN http://www.cnn.com/2000/TECH/space/08/04/new.planet.reut/index.html

space Editions myCNN Video ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web SPACE TOP STORIES Mir cargo vessel abandoned John Zarrella: Lessons learned from Challenger Last rendezvous for Mir Beginning of the end for Mir ... MORE TOP STORIES Bush signs order opening 'faith-based' charity office for business Rescues continue 4 days after devastating India earthquake DaimlerChrysler employees join rapidly swelling ranks of laid-off U.S. workers Disney's GO.com is a goner ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Astronomers find new planet in Earth's 'backyard' 1998 image showing dust disk surrounding Epsilon Eridani. The star itself is represented by the white star at center

50. Hamilton Amateur Astronomers Newsletter, gallery, activities, books, tools, and links. http://amateurastronomy.org/

Next Meeting: Friday October 14, 2005 7:30pm Topic: Speaker: Glenn Muller Topic: Planets and Pretenders - the formation of our solar system Speaker: Stewart Attlesey Topic: Mars - a look at the Red planet and it's upcoming close approach to Earth Free door prize ticket to everyone who arrives BEFORE 7:30pm. Location: The Hamilton Spectator Building is located at 44 Frid St, near the junction of Highway 403 and Main St West in Hamilton. Admission is free. Everyone is welcome! Also: If it is clear , there will be observing in the parking lot after the meeting. Forecast 10 day 5 day NEWS (click on the pictures for more information): September 15, 2005 Venus and Jupiter On the evening of Thursday, September 1, 2005, Venus and Jupiter passed within about 1.2 degrees of each other in the sky. Venus is the lower one, Jupiter above. This was taken from Thorpe Park in Burlington with Fuji Superia 200 film @ f/2.8; exposure: 10 seconds. Photo by Bob Christmas September 15, 2005 Mars through an Electronic Eyepiece Here is an image taken the other morning from my patio in the city with an inexpensive ($60) CMOS camera, the Meade electronic eyepiece!

51. Muslim Scientists And Islamic Civilization Historical review of the Muslim contribution to humanity and Islamic Civilization. Gives biographies of scientists and describes their contributions and influence on European thought and discoveries. http://www.cyberistan.org/islamic/index.htm#scit

MUSLIM SCIENTISTS AND ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION Scientific Contributions Before European Renaissance, 700 - 1500 C.E. The material linked on this page may not be edited, rewritten, or published. E-BOOKS Islamic Civilization Ya'juj wa Ma'juj Muslim History Muslims in the Indian Subcontinent ... BOOK ORDER PAGE BOOKS ARTICLES The Glorious Qur'an: English Narration of its Meaning Surah Ar-Rahman (The Beneficent, The Mercy Giving), Ayat 33-36 O company of jinn and men, if ye have power to penetrate (all) regions of the heavens and the earth, then penetrate (them)! Ye will never penetrate them save with (Our) sanction. Which is it, of the favours of your Lord, that ye deny? There will be sent, against you both, heat of fire and flash of brass, and ye will not escape. Which is it, of the favours of your Lord, that ye deny? English Narration of the Meaning of Surah Ar-Rahman Surah 55, Ayat 1-16 Surah 55, Ayat 31-36 Surah 55, Ayat 31-78 Welcome to the web page on Muslim contribution to humanity and Islamic Civilization. This page is dedicated to those Muslims whose multi-disciplinary contributions sparked the light of learning and productivity and without whom the European Renaissance would not have begun and come to maturity. Their contributions are rarely mentioned in formal education, and if at all mentioned their

52. StarHeads - Astronomers And Related People Searchable directory of personal WWW pages of professional astronomers and related space scientists. http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/starheads.html

The Star*s Family The StarPages StarHeads Welcome to the largest searchable directory, continually updated, of personal WWW pages of professional astronomers and related space scientists (PhD equivalent and above currently about 6,000 entries ). The NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) is pointing to this resource. See also the outstanding features . For data on organizations, please go to StarWorlds . Abbreviations, acronyms, and so on, are in StarBits . You should also read the and the statements. To find a name or a list of names, select your option: Case-Insensitive String Case-Sensitive String Words and type a character string in the following area: and press the Return key or the SEARCH button to submit the query: It is recommended to search by name or by affiliation/location. Do not use commas. The per-default option "Words" accepts several words and is case-insensitive. In that case, the system will return the entries where these words are appearing (together, but not necessarily consecutively). Names, first names and/or affiliations/locations can be mixed in any order. Under the "String" options, typing

53. What Is The Ohio Turnpike Astronomer's Association? Unofficial site presenting newsletter, bulletin board, and contact details. http://www.astras-stargate.com/whatis.htm

The unofficial O.T.A.A. Home Page Meet our Members 2005 Schedule CVAS Star Party (check their website for details) CAA in Spencer, OH MVAS in Warren, OH BRAS - Birmingham, Ohio Hidden Hollow '05 - Mansfield, OH WHAT IS THE OHIO TURNPIKE ASTRONOMERS ASSOCIATION? The OTAA was formed in 1956 by four astronomy clubs that were located near the Ohio Turnpike. The organization was intended to open communication between astronomy clubs by setting dates for Ohio clubs to hold their conventions. Members of OTAA are astronomy clubs and institutions, it is not open to individuals. Members of the clubs that belong to OTAA are all considered to be members of the OTAA. Today, the OTAA clubs are not all located on the Turnpike. We have established The George Diedrich Award in honor of George Diedrich who was instrumental in the early days of the OTAA. This award is given to outstanding amateur astronomers. Our activities include our yearly conventions-produced by our member clubs and special activities such as setting up observing sites for special events like eclipses. It is our hope to unite all the clubs of Ohio, by co-ordinating the dates of conventions to avoid conflicts and by keeping the lines of communication open between our members and amateurs astronomers. The first item listed as the purpose of the OTAA is to promote interest and activities in astronomy and related science. Most of our members have similar statements in their own by-laws. Special activites may be undertaken by the OTAA (determined by the executive board) if the activity is intended to further the progress of astronomy and/or public education.

54. SPARTAN 201-3: Ask The Astronomers (and Space Physicists) The SPARTAN 201 program has ended, and some of the scientists who were kind enough to answer questions about the mission and related areas of science are no http://umbra.nascom.nasa.gov/spartan/ask_astronomers.html

Ask the Astronomers The SPARTAN 201 program has ended, and some of the scientists who were kind enough to answer questions about the mission and related areas of science are no longer able to provide that service. But you can still ask scientists questions about the Sun and heliosphere at the Ask Dr. SOHO Website. You can also visit the Previously Asked Questions page to see if your question has already been answered. This is the [Error Creating Counter File Click for more info] access to this page since July 11, 1995. Return to the SPARTAN 201 home page.

55. Turning On The Universe astronomers say the Universe's expansion has been accelerating recently. A new model for repulsive 'dark energy' may help explain the acceleration in a more natural way than other models. From Physical Review Focus. http://focus.aps.org/v5/st8.html

Previous Story Next Story January - June 2000 Archive Phys. Rev. Lett. (issue of 6 March 2000) 24 February 2000 Title and Authors Turning On the Universe P. Challis/NASA Sign of the times. Hubble Space Telescope observations of many supernovae like this one (lower left, nearly as bright as its galaxy) suggest that the Universe's expansion has been accelerating recently. A new model for repulsive "dark energy" may help explain the acceleration in a more natural way than other models. Cosmologists are still scratching their heads as evidence continues to mount that our universe is unlike anything we imagined only a few years ago: The universal expansion is accelerating rather than slowing down. Some mysterious, repulsive "dark energy" seems to fuel the acceleration, overpowering the tendency of the expansion to decelerate. But what is this stuff? The dark energy theory in the 6 March PRL is promising according to experts because its parameters are closely related to fundamental physical constants, and it may also be related to superstring theorythe current best hope for a "theory of everything." One approach to dark energy known as quintessence assumes that a special repulsive field permeates all of space. Each theory specifies a function for the energy contained in the field, somewhat like the energy of electromagnetic fields. The problem, according to Andreas Albrecht of the University of California at Davis, is that in order to match all of the astronomical observations, the repulsion has to be weak for most of the history of the Universe and only become significant in the recent past, when the expansion began to take off. But that sudden "turn-on" behavior often requires theorists to choose specific parameter values just to match the data. "You're simply pulling numbers out of a hat," says Albrecht.

56. #1 Astronomical And Space Calendar - CalSKY The worldwide interactive online astronomical/space calendar and calculator for friends of astronomy, as well as astronomers. http://www.calsky.com/

CalSKY.com to long Table of Contents Current Topics See the International Space Station ISS as it silently transits the sky, or even crosses the Moon, Sun , or encounters/occults planets or stars. Transits during twilight make ISS an obvious and easy target to the naked eye. Mars Viewer CalSKY.com, the celestial observer, receives the Griffith Observatory Star Award for the second time after 2000. These recognized web sites 'are the best astronomy sites on the World Wide Web, and they present useful, thorough, and accurate information in a well-organized and attractive way, making the sky more accessible'. Try out our Email Alert Manager Zoom in into weather satellite images , as if the satellite were above your site. Have a look at the star chart of your observing site. Highlights You can get your daily personal celestial calendar - selected from thousands of events. Then import events into Outlook, your PDA or other personal planner software - to be alarmed before an event takes place. Do you just want to find out the exact times of sunrises or moon phases Explore the eclipses of our solar system! You can see solar and

57. The Cedar Amateur Astronomers Events, observatory, and links located in Cedar rapids, Iowa. http://www.cedar-astronomers.org/

The Cedar Amateur Astronomers, Inc. P.O. Box 10786 Cedar Rapids, IA 52410 Site Directory Events Page The Events Page includes upcoming meetings, directions to Palisades-Dows Observatory, upcoming celestial events, a monthly all-sky chart, etc. Observatory Page Files Page The Files Page contains the club brochure, membership application, newsletter archive, member's astrophotos, etc. The Cedar Amateur Astronomers, Inc. Founded 1979 A member society of the Astronomical League IMPORTANT NOTICE!!: CAMPAIGN TO SAVE YERKES!!! Help save Yerkes Observatory! The historic Yerkes Observatory (pron. YER-keys ) in beautiful Williams Bay, Wisconsin, is threatened by development. The huge108-year-old edifice with its beautiful terra cotta sculpture, containing the world's largest classical refractor may be torn down and replaced by a housing development! The observatory and its historic 40-inch refractor is irreplaceable and is a historical landmark. If this seems urgent, it is! Consider joining or contributing to "Yerkes 21"

58. National Capital Astronomers, Washington, D.C. Metro Area National Capital astronomers, Nonprofit, Educational, Research, Cooperation, Washington DC Metro Area, USA. http://capitalastronomers.org/

HOME Telescope Making Open Telescope Nights Info ... Explore the Sky National Capital Astronomers Our Mission Statement and Membership Application Serving science and society since 1937. The National Capital Astronomers (NCA) is a non-profit, membership supported, volunteer run, public service corporation dedicated to advancing space technology, astronomy, and related sciences through information, participation, and inspiration, via research, lectures and presentations, publications, expeditions, tours, public interpretation, and education. NCA is the astronomy affiliate of the Washington Academy of Sciences. NCA has for many years published a monthly newsletter called Star Dust that is available for members. Besides announcement of coming NCA meetings and a calendar of monthly events Star Dust contains reviews of past meeting and articles on current astronomical events. Monthly Meetings with Educational Presentations are Open to the Public with No Admission Charge Second Saturday of the Month September 2005 through June 2006 except October 1 we have a meeting. October 8th is the Blackwater Falls, West Virginia Star Party

59. A Backyard Astronomer For beginning backyard astronomers, listing planetary positions, comets, asteroids, meteor showers, tips lots of links. http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Hall/7536/index.html

Backyard Astronomy formerly Barbara's Backyard Astronomy Page Next ===> Imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope Imaged by the Cassini-Huygens Space Probe Table of Contents: Home Page About Me Star Journeys Getting Started Equipment ... Suggested Reading Mars, Meteors and Comets Oh my! Mars is coming, will you be ready You will if you take the time to observe it early on. This aberration will be almost as good as the one in 2003. I mean what's a few million miles among friends anyhow? Oh and about that email going around about Mars looking as large as a full moon. Well if that ever happened we'd be in a world of hurt. I mean think about it Mars mass is way more than our moon and wow would we have high tides! In fact Earth would bulge on the side facing Mars. Be glad it's not true! Now on to what is true Mars is showing much detail in the eyepiece for those patient enough to really see the planets surface. This is why you must get out and view it early before it reaches opposition, as it is much more exciting to see the planet get larger and easier to see with each successive week than to see it shrinking and fading away. Plus you run the risk of not seeing anything at all because of a planetary wide dust storm as in 2001. They are rare, but can happen on or after perihelion ( Mars closest approach to the sun ). Anytime you can see Mars in the sky is a good time, the full moon won't interfere with views. You do want a steady night, but it doesn't have to be the most clear. Check your

60. CNN.com - Astronomers Claim Discovery Of Solar System's 10th Planet - Jul 31, 20 astronomers announced Friday that an object they discovered in the distant reaches of the solar system is large enough to be the 10th planet a claim http://www.cnn.com/2005/TECH/space/07/30/new.planet/

cnnSiteWideCurrDate = new Date(2005, 8, 17); International Edition Member Services Home Page World ... Contact Us Astronomers claim discovery of solar system's 10th planet var clickExpire = "-1"; YOUR E-MAIL ALERTS Astronomy or Create Your Own Manage Alerts What Is This? PASADENA, California (CNN) Astronomers announced Friday that an object they discovered in the distant reaches of the solar system is large enough to be the 10th planet a claim likely to reignite a debate over just how many objects should be called planets. The object 96 times as far from the Earth as the Earth is from the sun, or nearly 9 billion miles away was first photographed in October 2003 by astronomers at the California Institute of Technology's Palomar Observatory, north of San Diego. While researchers say they aren't yet sure of its actual size, they have determined the object is bigger than Pluto, the smallest planet and the one most distant from the sun. "If Pluto is a planet, it seems reasonable that something that's bigger than Pluto, and further away than Pluto, should be called a planet, too," said Mike Brown, a Cal Tech planetary scientist who made the discovery with colleagues Chad Trujillo of the Gemini Observatory and David Rabinowitz of Yale University. However, a number of astronomers dispute whether Pluto, discovered in 1930, should really be classified as a planet, because it is so dissimilar from the other eight. Instead, they believe it should be classified only as a Kuiper Belt object, part of an array of icy debris in the outer reaches of the solar system.

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